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PDF Forme logique du jugement et déduction métaphysique chez Kant

Puisque Kant oppose la logique formelle à la logique transcendantale précisément sur la base de l'abstraction du contenu et des objets de connaissance la 

PDF File : Kant-Mélanges de Logique (trad Tissot) 1862pdf

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PDF Kant on the Generality of Logic

about the nature of logic’s generality as I show below Nevertheless I will argue that such verbal agreement covers over a deeper conceptual disagreement – disagreement in particular over the nature of the thinking and reasoning that logic is taken to have in view

PDF Kant on the Nature of Logical Laws

Longuenesse writes that like the seventeenth-century Port-Royal Logique of Antoine Arnauld and Pierre Nicole Kant's logic \"is not just preoccupied with the way we happen to think but establishes the norms for thinking weir (137) In fact accord-ing to Longuenesse Kant \"is more explicit than they are about the normative character 371

PDF The Generality of Kant’s Transcendental Logic

The Generality of Kant’s Transcendental Logic Clinton Tolley University of California San Diego [forthcoming: Journal of the History of Philosophy 2012] ABSTRACT: What is the nature of Kant’s new ‘transcendental’ logic and how is it to differ from the traditional logic?

PDF The Place of Logic within Kant’s Philosophy

Kant calls a “transcendental logic ” (A50 –704/B74 –732) Finally as we will see below in more detail at the outset of each main part of the Critique ’s Transcendental Logic (the Analytic and the Dialectic) Kant explicitly points to the ndings of the traditional logic fi

  • Quelle est la logique de Kant ?

    Kant considère la logique de son époque, héritée de la scolastique, comme une science close, achevée et satisfaisante (ce qui lui sera reproché par la suite, puisque la logique a évolué de manière considérable depuis).
    L'intérêt de la logique, c'est qu'elle démontre avec rigueur les règles formelles de toute pensée .

  • Quelle est la thèse de Kant ?

    Kant établit que toute connaissance requiert d'une part, la sensibilité, comme faculté de recevoir des représentations et donc d'être affecté par les objets du monde extérieur; d'autre part, l'entendement, comme faculté de former des concepts et de les appliquer à ces intuitions.

  • Quelle est l'idée principale de Kant ?

    Pour Kant l'existence n'est pas un prédicat assimilable aux autres.
    En aucun moment l'existence ne peut être déduite du concept d'une chose: c'est le principe de la critique de l'argument ontologique.
    L'existence est l'absolue position d'une chose qui comme telle est irréductible à la pensée conceptuelle.

  • Kant prend la défense de la raison et de la pensée comme principes de l'action humaine.
    Il aborde ainsi différentes thématiques : la liberté, le bonheur, la justice, le droit, l'idée républicaine.
    La première partie traite de la morale.
    La seule action moralement bonne l'est dans sa forme.
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Introduction

Presentations of the history of logic published at the beginning of the 21st century seem to positively re-evaluate Kant’s role, especially with regard to his conceptual work that led to a new development of logic (see, for example, Tiles 2004). Although older histories of logic written from the standpoint of mathematical logic did appreciate Kant’

The Concept of Formal Logic

What we here term “formal logic” Kant usually calls “general logic” (allgemeine Logik), in accordance with some of his contemporaries and predecessors (Jungius, Leibniz, Knutzen, Baumgarten). Kant only rarely uses the terms “formal logic” (B 170, also mentioned by Jungius) or “formal philosophy” (Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals IV:387), and

Concept

According to Kant, the unity that a concept establishes from a variety of representations is a unity in a common mark (nota communis) of objects. The form of a concept as a common mark is universality,and its subject matter is objects. Three types of operations of understanding bring about a concept: comparison, reflection, and abstraction. (1) Thr

Judgment

Judgment is for Kant the way to bring given representations to the objective unity of self-consciousness (see B 141, XVI refl. 3045). Because of this unifying of a manifold (of representations) in one consciousness, Kant conceives judgment as rule (Prolegomena §23 IV:305, see Jäsche Logic §60 IX:121). For example, the objective unity is the meaning

Inference

In an inference, a judgment is represented as “unfailingly” (that is, a priori, necessarily) connected with (and “derived” from) another judgment that is its ground (see B 360). Kant distinguishes two ways we can derive a judgment (conclusion) from its ground: (a) by the formal analysis of a given judgment (ground, premise), without the aid of any

General Methodology

Since, according to Kant, formal logic abstracts from the differences of objects and hence cannot focus on the concrete content of a particular science, it can only give a short and very general outline of the form of a science, as the most comprehensive logical form. This outline is a mere general doctrine on the formal features of a method and on

The Foundations of Logic

As stated by Kant, formal logic itself should be founded and built according to strict criteria, as a demonstrated doctrine. It should be a “strongly proven,” “exhaustively presented” system (B IX), with the “a priori insight” into the formal rules of thinking “through mere analysis of the actions of reason into their moments” (B 170). Since in for

Transcendental Logic

Besides formal logic, Kant considers a branch of philosophical logic that deals with the foundations of ontology and the rest of metaphysics and shows how objects are constituted in our knowledge by means of logical categorization. This branch of logic Kant names “transcendental logic.” iep.utm.edu

Influences and Heritage

Although Kant’s logic, if taken literally, is in form and content largely traditional as well as significantly dependent on the science of his time, it offered new essential and foundational perspectives that are deeply (and often unknowingly) built into modern logic. Kant required a formal, though not mathematical, rigor in logic, purifying it of

References and Further Reading

a. Primary Sources 1. Kant, Immanuel. 1910–. Kant’s gesammelte Schriften. Königlich Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften (ed.). Berlin: Reimer, Berlin and Leipzig: de Gruyter. Also Kants Werke I–IX, Berlin: de Gruyter, 1968 (Anmerkungen, 2 vols., Berlin: de Gruyter, 1977). 2. Cited by volume number (I, II, etc.); Kritik der reinen Vernunft, 1st ed. = A, 2nd ed. = B. 3. Kant, Immanuel. 1998. Critique of Pure Reason. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Transl. and ed. by Paul Guyer and Allen W. Wood. 4

Introduction

Presentations of the history of logic published at the beginning of the 21st century seem to positively re-evaluate Kant’s role, especially with regard to his conceptual work that led to a new development of logic (see, for example, Tiles 2004). Although older histories of logic written from the standpoint of mathematical logic did appreciate Kant’

The Concept of Formal Logic

What we here term “formal logic” Kant usually calls “general logic” (allgemeine Logik), in accordance with some of his contemporaries and predecessors (Jungius, Leibniz, Knutzen, Baumgarten). Kant only rarely uses the terms “formal logic” (B 170, also mentioned by Jungius) or “formal philosophy” (Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals IV:387), and

Concept

According to Kant, the unity that a concept establishes from a variety of representations is a unity in a common mark (nota communis) of objects. The form of a concept as a common mark is universality,and its subject matter is objects. Three types of operations of understanding bring about a concept: comparison, reflection, and abstraction. (1) Thr

Judgment

Judgment is for Kant the way to bring given representations to the objective unity of self-consciousness (see B 141, XVI refl. 3045). Because of this unifying of a manifold (of representations) in one consciousness, Kant conceives judgment as rule (Prolegomena §23 IV:305, see Jäsche Logic §60 IX:121). For example, the objective unity is the meaning

Inference

In an inference, a judgment is represented as “unfailingly” (that is, a priori, necessarily) connected with (and “derived” from) another judgment that is its ground (see B 360). Kant distinguishes two ways we can derive a judgment (conclusion) from its ground: (a) by the formal analysis of a given judgment (ground, premise), without the aid of any

General Methodology

Since, according to Kant, formal logic abstracts from the differences of objects and hence cannot focus on the concrete content of a particular science, it can only give a short and very general outline of the form of a science, as the most comprehensive logical form. This outline is a mere general doctrine on the formal features of a method and on

The Foundations of Logic

As stated by Kant, formal logic itself should be founded and built according to strict criteria, as a demonstrated doctrine. It should be a “strongly proven,” “exhaustively presented” system (B IX), with the “a priori insight” into the formal rules of thinking “through mere analysis of the actions of reason into their moments” (B 170). Since in for

Transcendental Logic

Besides formal logic, Kant considers a branch of philosophical logic that deals with the foundations of ontology and the rest of metaphysics and shows how objects are constituted in our knowledge by means of logical categorization. This branch of logic Kant names “transcendental logic.” iep.utm.edu

Influences and Heritage

Although Kant’s logic, if taken literally, is in form and content largely traditional as well as significantly dependent on the science of his time, it offered new essential and foundational perspectives that are deeply (and often unknowingly) built into modern logic. Kant required a formal, though not mathematical, rigor in logic, purifying it of

References and Further Reading

a. Primary Sources 1. Kant, Immanuel. 1910–. Kant’s gesammelte Schriften. Königlich Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften (ed.). Berlin: Reimer, Berlin and Leipzig: de Gruyter. Also Kants Werke I–IX, Berlin: de Gruyter, 1968 (Anmerkungen, 2 vols., Berlin: de Gruyter, 1977). 2. Cited by volume number (I, II, etc.); Kritik der reinen Vernunft, 1st ed. = A, 2nd ed. = B. 3. Kant, Immanuel. 1998. Critique of Pure Reason. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Transl. and ed. by Paul Guyer and Allen W. Wood. 4

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