The carbonyl group, a carbon-oxygen double bond, is the key structure in these classes of organic molecules: Aldehydes contain at least one hydrogen atom attached to the carbonyl carbon atom, ketones contain two carbon groups attached to the carbonyl carbon atom, carboxylic acids contain a hydroxyl group attached to
Aldol reaction
Aldehydes and ketones having at least one α-hydrogen undergo a reaction in the presence of dilute alkali as catalyst to form β-hydroxy aldehydes (aldol) or β-hydroxy ketones (ketol), respectively.
This is known as Aldol reaction.
Aldehydes and Ketones are often called as methanoyl or formyl group.
The carbon atom of this group has 2 remaining bonds that might be occupied by aryl or alkyl or substituents.
If neither of these substituents is hydrogen, the compound is a Ketone.
If at least one is hydrogen, the compound is an Aldehyde.
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