physical and chemical properties of aldehydes and ketones

correlate physical properties and chemical reactions of aldehydes ketones and carboxylic acids

to those of C=C double bonds. 6. Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones. • Aldehydes and ketones are polar molecules because the C=O bond has a dipole moment:.

IN THIS AND several of the following chapters we study the physical and chemical properties of compounds containing the carbonyl group

correlate physical properties and chemical reactions of aldehydes ketones and carboxylic acids

Physical properties-Chemical reactions: Cleavage of C-O bond and electrophilic substitution of aromatic ethers. ALDEHYDES AND KETONES.

Learn the important physical properties of the aldehydes and ketones. • Learn the major chemical reaction of aldehydes and ketones and learn how to predict.

Learn the IUPAC system for naming aldehydes and ketones. •. Learn the important physical properties of the aldehydes and ketones. •. Learn the major chemical 

physical properties and Chemical reactions Aldehydes and. Ketones 12.9 Nomenclature and structure of carbonyl group. 12.10Preparation of aldehydes and 

substituted benzenes; Physical properties of aldehydes and ketones; Chemical reactions of aldehydes and ketones-nucleophilic addition reduction

Physical Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones Name Molecular weight Boiling point Solubility in water butane 58 g/mol 0°C Insoluble propanal 58 g/mol 49°C Soluble acetone 58 g/mol 56°C Soluble 1-propanol 60 g/mol 97°C Soluble Boiling Points: Alcohols Aldehydes/Ketones Ethers Alkanes Water Solubility: Alcohols Aldehydes/Ketones Ethers Alkanes 20

They differ in that the carbonyl carbon in ketones is bound to two carbon atoms (RCOR’) while that in aldehydes is bound to at least one hydrogen (H2CO and RCHO) Thus aldehydes always place the carbonyl group on a terminal (end) carbon while the carbonyl group in ketones is always internal

Section 10 3 Physical Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones Table 10 1 Comparisons Of Physical Properties 10 3 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ALDEHYDES AND KETONES CO CH 3 CH 3 2-propanone (2 9 D) (acetone) CO CH CH or ?+ ? Table 10 1 Comparisons of Physical Properties Property CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 CH 3 CH 2 CHO CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH Dipole moment Butane

235 Aldehydes Ketones and Carboxylic Acids The physical properties of aldehydes and ketones are described as follows Methanal is a gas at room temperature Ethanal is a volatile liquid Other aldehydes and ketones are liquid or solid at room temperature The boiling points of aldehydes and ketones are higher than

The physical properties and chemical reactions ofaldehydes and ketones are a direct consequence of this polarisation The dipole-dipole attraction between the molecules of aldehydes and ketonesresults in their higher boiling points as compared to the hydrocarbons of similarmolecular weight

Many ketones and aldehydes are fragrant Predict the products of the oxidation of the following aldehydes Acetaldehyde Benzaldehyde 2 Ketones resist oxidation by most oxidizing agents 3 Oxidation is used as a chemical test to distinguish between an aldehyde and a ketone B Reduction Aldehyde Ketone