Communication can be Internal External Upward Downward Formal Informal Lateral Interactive Mass or Grapevine • Depending on the organizational
The structure of an organization should provide for communication in three distinct directions: downward upward and horizontal (Lunenburg Ornstein 2008)
Lunenburg C Fred C C Formal Comm Channels FOCUS V N
It may be sub-divided into : (a) downward communication and (b) upward communication a) 'Downward Communication : Communication which flows from higher-level
Unit
These two categories of vertical channel are (a) Downward Communication and (b) Upward Communication (a) Downward Communication – Communication which flow
PMIR
Bartol and Martin defined “When the vertical flow of communication is form a lower level to one Differences between Upward and Downward Communication
rd chap upward communication
Formal communication consists of downward communication upward communication horizontal communication written communication oral or verbal communication
Semester II Types of Communication E Part I
There is vertical downward - upward communication Message in downward vertical communication is communicated hierarchical from the heads of the highest
subordinates is called as vertical communication It can be again subdivided into two types i Downward Communication: the communication from superiors to
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