purpose of segment registers in 8086 microprocessor


What are the four registers of a 8086 processor?

    The 8086 through 80286 processors have four segment registers: cs, ds, ss and es. The80386 and later processors have these segment registers plus fs and gs. The cs (code seg-ment) register points at the segment containing the currently executing code. The CPUalways fetches instructions from the address given by cs:ip.

Can a segment register be used as an operand?

    In addition to the general purpose registers, many 8086 instructions (including themov instruction) allow you to specify one of the segment registers as an operand. There aretwo restrictions on the use of the segment registers with the mov instruction.

How do 80386/486 processors work?

    Finally, the 80386/486 processors add a set of test registers to the system which testthe proper operation of the processor when the system powers up. Most likely, Intel putthese registers on the chip to allow testing immediately after manufacture, but systemdesigners can take advantage of these registers to do a power-on test.

How many kilobytes can an 8086 address?

    Now, this might seem rather limiting. After all, with only four segment registers onthe 8086 you can address a maximum of 256 Kilobytes (64K per segment), not the fullmegabyte promised. However, you can change the segment registers under program con-trol, so it is possible to address any byte by changing the value in a segment register.
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