air pollution in india pdf 2019
Comprehensive estimates of disease burden attributable to air
1 7 million deaths in India were attributable to air pollution in 2019 which was 18 of the total deaths in the country Household air pollution is decreasing in India resulting in 64 reduction in the death rate attributable to it from 1990 to 2019 whereas the death rate from outdoor ambient air pollution has increased during this period by |
Highlighting Actions to Reduce Air Pollution in India
Feb 5 2019 · In January 2019 India launched a National Clean Air Program aimed to reduce particulate matter pollution by 20-30 (from 2017 levels) by 2024 Delhi oficials undertook a number of emergency |
Does air pollution affect the economic burden of air pollution in India?
There are many publications on the health impacts of air pollution and some studies have assessed the economic burden of air pollution in India, but there are no studies that have assessed the economic impacts of the diferent components of air pollution in each state of India.
Why is air pollution increasing in non-attainment cities of India?
In recent years, medium and small towns and cities have also witnessed an increase in pollution, thus getting fast reflected in the non-attainment cities of India. Air pollution has increasingly become a serious concern, predominantly because of its health impacts.
What are the major sources of air pollution in Delhi?
A 2016 IIT-Kanpur study titled ‘Comprehensive Study on Air Pollution and Green House Gases (GHGs) in Delhi’2indicated secondary particulates (30%) and vehicular emissions (25%) to be a major source of pollution during the summer with construction and road dust (31%) and coal and fly ash (26%) contributing majorly during the winter (Table 1).
How many people died from air pollution in India in 2019?
Findings 1·67 million (95% uncertainty interval 1·42–1·92) deaths were attributable to air pollution in India in 2019, accounting for 17·8% (15·8–19·5) of the total deaths in the country. The majority of these deaths were from ambient particulate matter pollution (0·98 million [0·77–1·19]) and household air pollution (0·61 million [0·39–0·86]).
1 Introduction
Concerns over poor air quality in India have increased over the past few years with increasing evidence of the adverse impacts on health (Balakrishnanet al., 2014; Chowdhury and Dey, 2016; Balakrishnanet al., 2019), agricultural yields (Avneryet al., 2011, 2013; Ghudeet al., 2014; Gaoet al., 2020) and the economy (Pandeyet al., 2021). Rapid growth
2 Methodology
2.1 Criteria Pollutant Data We analyze all open-source data available from the manual (NAMP) and continuous (CAAQM) networks, as well as from the US Embassy and consulates Air-Now network from 2015–2019 for five criteria pollutants—PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2and O3. Datasets from 2015-2018 were acquired for NAMP and were acquired from 2015–2019 for CPCB-CAAQM and Air-Now networks directly from the following sources: 1. NAMPmanual monitoring network (https://cpcb.nic.in/namp-data/): Annual average and annual maximum and minimu
3 Results
3.1 Strengths and Weaknesses of Available Air Quality Datasets Until the start of 2018 the Indian monitoring network had limited extent. Very few stations have operated continuously from 2015 to the present. The number of stations in the continuous monitoring network has increased dramatically since 2017 (Fig. 2) making it far more feasible now to evaluate air quality across India than in the past. However, spatial coverage is still limited with unequal distribution of monitors. All monitors are in cities, with a concentration in the largest cities, and
4 Discussion
4.1 Growing Dataset and Existing Gaps Prior to 2015 surface air quality monitoring data was available from only a few stations in India. Over the period we analyzed, 2015–2019, the number of monitoring stations across India increased dramatically. Our compilation and rigorous quality control of these data provide, for the first time, a comprehensive dataset of criteria pollutants that can be used to evaluate air pollutant concentrations simulated by atmospheric chemical transport models, satellite retrievals and reanalysis. Our d
5 Conclusions
This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of all existing government monitoring data available for PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2and MDA8 O3using the continuous (CAAQM) and manual (NAMP) monitoring networks in India as well as the data from the US State Department Air-Now network, between 2015 and 2019 (2018 for NAMP). Our analysis shows that the
Additional Information
Data Access The raw data from the continuous CPCB monitors used in our analyses along with the code for data quality control and the calculation of various temporal averages is available athttps://doi.org/10.34770/60j3-yp02 aaqr.org
Acknowledgements
We thank Mi Zhou for early assistance in data processing and two anonymous reviewers for helpful suggestions to improve our manuscript. Funding for D.S. was provided by a Science, Technology and Environmental Policy fellowship at the Center for Policy Research on Energy and Environment at Princeton University. aaqr.org
NATIONAL CLEAN AIR PROGRAMME
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