chh definition


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Abstract Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) is a rare disorder caused by the deficient production secretion or action of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) which is the master

  • Does degree of HL influence the contribution of CHH?

    Several studies of smaller groups of CHH have not found a contribution of degree of HL, but their samples have generally been restricted in size and range. A sufficiently large sample was recruited in the OCHL study to allow the team to re-examine the influence of degree of HL in a sample comprised only of CHH.

  • Is CHH a heterogeneous disease?

    CHH is clinically and genetically heterogeneous, with >25 different causal genes identified to date. Clinically, the disorder is characterized by an absence of puberty and infertility.

  • What is the difference between CHH and DSS?

    CHH = cytosine followed by any two noncytosine bases; DSS = Dispersion Shrinkage for Sequencing. The standard output of Illumina sequencers consists of base call (*.bcl) files. Particularly when multiple uniquely indexed samples are sequenced together, it is necessary to create quality-annotated sequence files (*.fastq files) for each sample.

  • What is CHH & HH?

    CHH is a type of HH resulting from the abnormal migration of GnRH neurons during embryonic development. GnRH neurons are derived from the olfactory placode and migrate into the central nervous system (CNS) during embryonic development.

Introduction

Congenital hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (CHH) is a rare genetic condition characterized by reproductive disorder due to deficiency in secretion or action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH). It is traditionally considered to be a male-predominant condition, with a male: female gender ratio 3.6: 1 that remains unexplained (1). The major clin

Delayed Diagnosis and Treatment

Delayed puberty is the main mode of presentation in CHH males. Approximately 2/3 of CHH males adolescents do not show any sign of spontaneous puberty at >17 years of age (testis volume <4 mL), with the remainder exhibiting arrested early puberty (8). Unfortunately, CHH is biochemically indistinguishable from constitutional delay in growth and puber

Unmet Health Needs

Poor Psychological Well-Being Psychological morbidities and antidepressant usage are highly prevalent among CHH men (17). In an international study comprising of participants from North and South America, Europe and Australasia, nearly two-thirds suffered from depression, with majority of them exhibiting moderate to severe symptoms (38). An important consequence arising from chronic affective disorders is poor adherence to long-term hormone replacement. It is concerning that more than one-third of the survey respondents r

A Proposed Strategy to Improve Detection of Male Infants with Severe CHH

The phase of male minipuberty provides an extraordinary useful diagnostic window to confirm (or refute) the diagnosis of congenital hypogonadism with a relatively straightforward biochemical hormone profiling without the need for complex dynamic testing. In a cohort of CPHD male infants (predominantly presenting with hypoglycaemia), findings of low

Conclusion

Early detection of CHH through detection of absent minipuberty can potentially modify patients' experience by facilitating timely interventions at different stages of life. This is achievable with a systematic approach in place to identify male infants with “red flag” markers of CHH, particularly bilateral cryptorchidism, so that biochemical testin

Future Directions

Proactive screening of male infants with bilateral cryptorchidism (and/or micropenis) is anticipated to have a direct impact on the quality of care delivered to affected children by establishing early diagnosis. However, this issue has not been addressed by major clinical guidelines developed for the management of infants with abnormal genitalia, t

Author Contributions

All authors listed have made a substantial, direct and intellectual contribution to the work, and approved it for publication. frontiersin.org

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. frontiersin.org

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