Improved MOX fuel calculations using new Pu


How is MOX fuel made?

  • MOX fuel can be made by grinding together uranium oxide (UO 2) and plutonium oxide (PuO 2) before the mixed oxide is pressed into pellets, but this process has the disadvantage of forming much radioactive dust.

What is the difference between MOX and Pu-239?

  • This gives fuel with about 1% Pu-239 and 4% U-235 which can sustain burn-up of 50 GWd/t over four years and has similar characteristics to normal LWR fuel. It is distinct from MOX in having low and incidental levels of plutonium – none is added.

How much plutonium is in MOX fuel?

  • MOX fuel, consisting of about 7-11% plutonium mixed with depleted uranium, is equivalent to uranium oxide fuel enriched to about 4.5% U-235, assuming that the plutonium has about two-thirds fissile isotopes. If weapons plutonium is used (>90% Pu-239), only about 5% plutonium is needed in the mix.

How much MoX does a nuclear reactor use?

  • Most reactors use it as about one third of their core, but some will accept up to 50% MOX assemblies. In France, EDF aims to have all its 900 MWe series of reactors running with at least one-third MOX. Japan aimed to have one third of its reactors using MOX by 2010, and has approved construction of a new reactor with a complete fuel loading of MOX.
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