Batch files, nombreux exercices de manipulation

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Chapter 11 Advanced Batch Files

List the commands used in batch files List and explain batch file rules Explore the function of the REM PAUSE and ECHO commands Explain the use of batch files with short cuts Explain the purpose and function of the GOTO command Explain the purpose and function of the SHIFT command Explain the purpose and function of the IF command Explain

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Batch File Programming

2 Save the file with any name you wish but make sure that you save the file extension with bat in this case I am saving this file as ‘first bat’ 3 When you save the batch file then the icon becomes like the below icon In Windows XP the Batch file icon looks like above where as in Windows Vista the Icon looks like the below image 4

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Formation à la programmation Batch

2°) Création de votre premier Batch Un fichier Batch étant à la base un fichier texte vous pouvez créer vos batchs avec n’importe quel éditeur de texte Attention : un fichier batch est un fichier texte « brut » (* txt) sans formatage particulier (gras italique souligné) Personnellement je trouve inutile d’utiliser un

How many parameters can a batch file have?
Activity steps. Press several times to loop through file. Activity completed. Number of parameters on command line limited to 10 (%0 - %9). 0% - represents batch file name itself. Really limited to 9 parameters. SHIFT moves parameters one position to the left, decreasing their number by one. With SHIFT can have unlimited # of parameters.
How to test if error level in batch file?
Batch file tests this exit code with IF ERRORLEVEL statement. Exit code doesn’t test for a match with ERRORLEVEL, but determines if it is greater than or equal to it. Test IF ERRORLEVEL 0 will always be true – every possible exit code is greater than or equal to 0. DATA disk in Drive A with A:\\> displayed. Activity steps.
Should I use a batch file?
The only thing going for batch files is that they're supported on every Windows box out there. If you just want to automate executing a few commands as a group, great. Maybe add a simple loop, a couple of subroutines, and some environment variables to parameterize things. Beyond that I strongly recommend you use something else.
What is a batch file variable?
Batch file variable - arbitrary single letter. Double percent sign with letter (%%a) distinguishes batch file variable from replaceable variable (%1). Allows the user to loop through a file for predefined list of values. OS gets values from position in command line. The set enclosed in parentheses. Values in set used to DO some command.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

List the commands used in batch files. List and explain batch file rules. Explore the function of the REM, PAUSE, and ECHO commands. Explain the use of batch files with short cuts. Explain the purpose and function of the GOTO command. Explain the purpose and function of the SHIFT command. Explain the purpose and function of the IF command. Explain

STUDENT OUTCOMES

Use the ECHO command to place a blank line in a batch file. Use the GOTO command in conjunction with a label to create a loop. Use a batch file with a shortcut. Use the SHIFT command to move parameters. Use the IF command with strings for conditional processing. Test for null values in a batch file. Use the IF EXIST/IF NOT EXIST command to test for

KEY TERMS

EOF (end-of-file) mark exit code conditional processing environment expression loop null value scan code script file variable LECTURE NOTES faculty.skagit.edu

Chapter Overview

Quick review of batch file commands learned in earlier chapters. Advanced features of these commands will be explained and used. Will explain the purpose and function of remaining batch file commands and then will use these commands to write sophisticated batch files. Will refine techniques in working with environment. faculty.skagit.edu

BATCH FILE COMMANDS

Batch File Commands Batch file rules. Has .BAT or .CMD as file extension. Must be ASCII file. Must include legitimate commands. Create generic batch files using replaceable parameters. Are not case-sensitive. Can use any command in batch file that can be used on the command line. Many special batch file commands. See PowerPoint slides # for list o

ADVANCED FEATURES OF ECHO AND REM

Advanced Features of ECHO and REM REM slows processing of a batch file. Recognized by OS as command and must be processed. Replace REM with double colon (::) for faster processing. Label - single colon followed by anything. Using double colon (::) because labels skipped by OS. With ECHO OFF, messages still come on screen. Redirecting output to NU

ACTIVITY—USING ECHO AND NUL

Using ECHO and NUL DATA disk in Drive A, A:\\> displayed. Activity steps. Use editor to create/save batch file called ONE.BAT press enter only where indicated :: This is a test of a batch file using :: different features. COPY CAROLYN.FIL BOOK.FIL TYPE BOOK.FIL ECHO DEL BOOK.FIL COPY NO.FIL BO

THE GOTO COMMAND

The GOTO Command Use GOTO command to have batch file constructed to behave like a program. Allows looping & branching within batch files. Can stop loop Use IF statement or Break into batch file - + C. Works in conjunction with a label to create a loop. Processes command following label. Label. Do not confuse with volume label on a disk

ACTIVITY—USING THE GOTO COMMAND

Using the GOTO Command DATA disk in Drive A with A:\\> displayed. Activity steps. Use text editor to create/save batch file called REPEAT.BAT so it looks as follows: REM This file displays many times the contents REM of a file :REPEAT TYPE %1 PAUSE GOTO REPEAT At system prompt, key in: REPEAT ASTRO.TXT Press several times to loop through fil

THE IF COMMAND

The IF Command Allows conditional processing of parts of batch files. Compares two items - determines if they are identical, or if one is greater than the other. Comparison yields one of two values. True - items are identical False - items are not identical. Syntax: IF . Condition true – Command executed. Condition false: Co

THE IF COMMAND USING STRINGS

The IF Command using Strings IF can be used to compare strings. Two equal signs (= =) separate what is to be compared. Tell IF statement to GOTO a label or perform an operation whether the condition is true or false. faculty.skagit.edu

GOTO FINISH

:Carolyn ECHO Greetings, Ms. Carolyn. GOTO FINISH :Bette ECHO Greetings, Ms. Bette. faculty.skagit.edu

:FINISH

 Key in: GREET Carolyn then GREET JUAN then Activity completed. GREET Bette GREET BETTE faculty.skagit.edu

THE IF EXIST/IF NOT EXIST COMMAND

The IF EXIST/IF NOT EXIST Command Checks for existence/non-existence of a specified file. Using IF EXIST command. If file exists Condition is true Processing passes to specified GOTO location or to command following IF statement. If file does not exist: Condition is false. OS ignores command in IF clause. Batch process reads next line in file. Usin

WRITING PROGRAMS TO TEST FOR KEY CODES

Writing Programs to Test for Key Codes Exit codes. Set by OS. Created by writing small programs that are based upon some activity. Can write program that identifies which key on a keyboard was pressed and report which Can do this activity because each time key is pressed- identified by a 1- or 2-digit scan code. Two things reported when you pre

THE ENVIRONMENT

The Environment Area OS sets aside in memory where data can be stored. Acts as a scratch pad where notes kept about items OS system needs to know. OS places/keeps location of file COMMAND.COM in environment. Applications can read items in environment and can post own messages there. Programs can get value of variable and use it to modify their oper

ACTIVITY—USING SET AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES

Using SET and the Environmental Variables If environment display is too long to fit on one screen use MORE filter. Activity steps. Key in: SET If used MORE filter return to prompt or press Q Key in: SET U then SET S ECHO %PATH% ECHO %SystemRoot% C: then CD %systemroot% CD %userprofile% then DIR/AH DIR “local settings”\\TEMP\\~*.tmp DEL %TEMP

USING SET AND THE ENVIRONMENT IN BATCH FILES

Using SET and the Environment in Batch Files Can use built-in environmental variables that Windows sets/uses. Can set own environmental variables. Can give them name/value in batch file or command line. Set variables only good for that session of Command Prompt Window. faculty.skagit.edu

ACTIVITY—USING SET AND THE ENVIRONMENT IN BATCH FILES

Using SET and the Environment in Batch Files DATA disk in Drive A with A:\\> displayed. Activity steps. Close Command Prompt window Reopen Command Prompt window and return to A prompt. Create/save TESTIT.BAT batch file that looks as follows: @ECHO OFF ECHO %PATH% ECHO. Key in: TESTIT SET TODAY=C:\\WUGXP\\*.FP SET Create/save SETTING.BAT batch file t

THE DIRCMD ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLE

The DIRCMD Environmental Variable Can place/use variables in environment. DIRCMD environmental variable. With SET to preset DIR command parameters/switches. With ERRORLEVEL to write batch files to change way DIR displays information for current MS-DOS work session. faculty.skagit.edu

ACTIVITY—USING DIRCMD

Using DIRCMD DATA disk in Drive A with A:\\> displayed. Activity steps. Create/save batch file MY.BAT @ECHO OFF CLS faculty.skagit.edu

THE CALL COMMAND

The CALL Command CALL allows you to run one batch file from within another. Second batch file is finished executing – returns control to first batch file. Without CALL, the original batch file will not continue after the second one is run. faculty.skagit.edu

COPY \\.ABC .XYZ BELL

REM You are about to delete the *.XYZ files. Are you sure? faculty.skagit.edu

PAUSE DEL *.XYZ

Key in: BELLING then DIR *.XYZ Edit/save BELLING.BAT that looks as follows: faculty.skagit.edu

COPY \\.ABC .XYZ CALL BELL

REM You are about to delete the *.XYZ files. Are you sure? faculty.skagit.edu

PAUSE DEL *.XYZ

Key in: BELLING Press Key in: DIR *.XYZ Use COPY CON to create/save a batch file called HOME.DAT that looks as follows: COPY CON HOME.DAT SET HOME= Create/save HOMETO.BAT batch file in batch directory that looks as follows: COPY A:\\BATCH\\HOME.DAT A:\\BATCH\\HOMESAVE.BAT CD >> A:\\BATCH\\HOMESAVE.BAT CALL HOMESAVE.BAT DEL A:\\BATCH\\HOM

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