Reine Marie Antoinette

What is a good book about Marie Antoinette?
Weber's book is not only a stylish and original addition to Marie Antoinette scholarship, but also a moving, revelatory reinterpretation of one of history's most controversial figures. External Website
How many letters did Marie Antoinette send?
This volume represents Marie Antoinette in her own words for the first time in their entirety. Hundreds of letters sent to the Austrian diplomat and guardian of Marie Antoinette, Florimond Claude, Comte de Mercy-Argenteau over the course of twenty years.
When did Marie Antoinette die?
Stories of the French Revolution.1893. Library of Congress Digital Collections. Marie Antoinette was born November 2, 1755 in Vienna, Austria and was executed on October 16, 1793 at the Place de la Concorde, Paris, France.
How did Marie Antoinette regain the Crown?
Discredited by the royal family’s failed escape, Marie-Antoinette attempted to shore up the rapidly deteriorating position of the crown by opening secret negotiations with the leaders of the constitutional monarchists in the Constituent Assembly, namely Antoine Barnave and Theodore and Alexandre de Lameth.

Overview

Marie-Antoinette was queen of France from 1774 to 1793 and is associated with the decline of the French monarchy. Her alleged remark “Let them eat cake” has been cited as showing her obliviousness to the poor conditions in which many of her subjects lived while she lived decadently, but she probably never said it. How did Marie-Antoinette come to power? Marie-Antoinette was the youngest daughter of the Holy Roman emperor Francis I and Maria Theresa. She was only 14 when her parents had her married to the dauphin Louis, grandson of Louis XV of France, for diplomatic purposes. In 1774, when her husband ascended the throne as Louis XVI, she became queen. What was Marie-Antoinette’s reign like? As queen, Marie-Antoinette was always unpopular. She spent lavishly, but her extravagance was only a minor cause of France’s growing debt in the 1770s and ’80s. Because of Louis XVI’s indecisiveness, Marie-Antoinette played an increasingly prominent political role. Her rejection of reform and resistance to the French Revolution contributed to the monarchy’s overthrow in 1792. What was Marie-Antoinette’s family like? britannica.com

Early life and role in the court of Louis XVI

In more than one sense, Marie-Antoinette was a victim of circumstance. In her youth, she was a pawn on the diplomatic chessboard of Europe, as France and Austria attempted to navigate the complex web of allegiances that shaped the continent in the wake of the Seven Years’ War. The 11th daughter of Holy Roman Emperor Francis I and Maria Theresa, Marie-Antoinette was just 14 years old when she was married to the dauphin Louis, grandson of France’s King Louis XV, on May 16, 1770. The stigma of being a representative of Austria when a connection with Vienna was unpopular in France remained with her throughout her life. She was also unfortunate that the timid, uninspiring Louis proved to be an inattentive husband. By the time he ascended the throne in May 1774, Marie-Antoinette had withdrawn to seek companionship and distraction among a circle of favourites and politically vulnerable companions whom she might have avoided if her private life had been more satisfactory. Her most intimate friend from this time onward was the princesse de Lamballe. It was ultimately her husband’s personal weakness and political nullity that forced Marie-Antoinette to play such a prominent political role during the Revolution. Britannica Quiz Women in Power Quiz The role that she played in French internal and foreign policy between the accession of Louis XVI and the outbreak of the Revolution has probably been much exaggerated. Her efforts, for example, to secure the return to power of Étienne-François de Choiseul, duc de Choiseul, in 1774 were unsuccessful. The fall of finance minister Anne-Robert-Jacques Turgot in 1776 must be attributed to the hostility of chief royal adviser Jean-Frédéric Phélypeaux, comte de Maurepas, and to the differences that arose between Turgot and foreign minister Charles Gravier, comte de Vergennes, over French participation in the American Revolution rather than to the direct intervention of the queen. Marie-Antoinette was not, at that time, interested in politics except as a way of securing favours for her friends, and her political influence never exceeded that formerly wielded by the royal mistresses of Louis XV. In foreign policy, she encountered the opposition of both Louis XVI and Vergennes in her efforts to advance Austrian interests, and it is certain that her brother, Emperor Joseph II, was gravely disappointed at her lack of success. Even her indulgence of the persistent requests of her favourites, such as Yolande de Polastron, comtesse de Polignac, did not entail a great drain on the treasury. Her other court expenditures contributed—though to a minor degree—to the huge debt incurred by the French state in the 1770s and ’80s. Louis XVI’s inability to consummate their marriage and the queen’s resultant childlessness in the 1770s inspired rivals—including the king’s own brothers, who stood to inherit the throne if she did not produce a legitimate heir—to circulate slanderous reports of her alleged extramarital affairs. These vilifications culminated in the Affair of the Diamond Necklace (1785), in which the queen was unjustly accused of having formed an immoral relationship with a cardinal. The scandal discredited the monarchy and encouraged the nobles to vigorously oppose (1787–88) all the financial reforms advocated by the king’s ministers. This incident was all the more unfortunate for the queen’s reputation because, since the birth of her daughter Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte in December 1778 and of the dauphin Louis in October 1781, she led a quieter and more conventional life. Her second son, the future Louis XVII, was born in March 1785. britannica.com

The French Revolution

Though the queen had supported Jacques Necker’s return to power at the end of August 1788 and had approved of the concession of double representation to the Third Estate, her unpopularity was at its height when the Estates-General convened at Versailles in May 1789. This was because she was regarded, though without justification, as an associate of the reactionary coterie of the king’s brother Charles, comte d’Artois, and because of the aspersions cast on her character by the king’s cousin, Louis-Philippe-Joseph, duc d’Orléans. At the end of May she seemed to have intervened little in politics, as she was distracted by the illness of her elder son, who died early in June. Are you a student? Get Britannica Premium for only 24.95 - a 67% discount Learn More During the crises of 1789 as well as those to come, Marie-Antoinette proved to be stronger and more decisive than her husband. After a crowd stormed the Bastille on July 14, 1789, the queen failed to convince Louis to take refuge with his army at Metz. In August–September, however, she successfully prodded him to resist the attempts of the Revolutionary National Assembly to abolish feudalism and restrict the royal prerogative. As a result, she became the main target of the popular agitators, whose animosity contributed to the legend that, on being told that the people had no bread, she callously remarked, “Let them eat cake” (“Qu’ils mangent de la brioche”). In October 1789 popular pressure compelled the royal family to return from Versailles to Paris, where they became hostages of the Revolutionary movement. During this time the queen had been deprived of the company of many of her most intimate friends, as they had emigrated after the fall of the Bastille, but she continued to display great personal courage that sustained the royal family both then and throughout its later disasters. britannica.com

End of the ancien régime and execution

Discredited by the royal family’s failed escape, Marie-Antoinette attempted to shore up the rapidly deteriorating position of the crown by opening secret negotiations with the leaders of the constitutional monarchists in the Constituent Assembly, namely Antoine Barnave and Theodore and Alexandre de Lameth. Barnave and the Lameth brothers were anxious to check the progress of republicanism and to bring the Revolution to a close, and they gathered like minds under the banner of the Club of the Feuillants. The basis of their secret understanding with the queen was that, after the constitution had been revised so as to bolster the executive power of the king, it should be loyally accepted and implemented by Louis XVI. In foreign policy the aim of the Feuillants was to persuade the émigrés to return and to prevent Emperor Leopold II (Marie-Antoinette’s brother) from being committed to a counterrevolutionary crusade against France. The queen remained wary of Barnave and the Feuillants, and, although she acquiesced in the king’s acceptance of the constitution in September 1791, she warned Leopold II that she was not in favour of either their domestic or foreign policy. Instead, she urged the necessity of an armed congress of the powers to negotiate from strength for the restoration of the royal authority. This duplicity paralyzed the pacific policy of the Feuillants and did not dissuade the émigrés from their more aggressive designs for the restoration of the ancien régime. After France declared war on Austria in April 1792, Marie-Antoinette’s continuing intrigues with the Austrians further enraged the French. Popular hatred of the queen provided impetus for the storming of the Tuileries Palace and the overthrow of the monarchy on August 10, 1792. britannica.com

Marie Antoinette: The Last Queen of France Before The French Revolution Mini Bio BIO

Marie Antoinette: A Life Through Time (1755-1793)

PDF	Women Writing Marie Antoinette: Madame de Staël and George Sand of Marie Antoinette emerge in contemporary fiction as well including Chantal Thomas'. Les adieux à la Reine (2002). Today's writers

PDF	Devil in a White Dress: Marie-Antoinette and the Fashioning of a The portrait of Marie-Antoinette by Elisabeth Vigée-Lebrun known as La Reine en gaulle

PDF	A LETTER FROM DANTON TO MARIE ANTOINETTE - AMONG the A la citoyenne Marie Antoinette Ci-devt Reine de France a la Con- ciergerie a Paris Citoyenne vous mettrez sur votre porte ces mots-.

PDF	Human Nature and a cyclical view of History in Chantal Thomas n her award-winning novel Les adieux à la reine (2002) Chantal Thomas asks et c'est le nom de la Reine qui a surgi: 'Ô Marie-Antoinette.

PDF	Human Nature and a cyclical view of History in Chantal Thomas n her award-winning novel Les adieux à la reine (2002) Chantal Thomas asks et c'est le nom de la Reine qui a surgi: 'Ô Marie-Antoinette.

PDF	Let Them Eat Cake: The Mythical Marie Antoinette and the French 1 ott 2015 critique et analytique des pamphlets politiques galants et obscènes contre la reine (Paris

PDF	Sources marie-antoinette dans les fonds des archives nationales 25 giu 2022 Paris éditions de Fallois

PDF	Quoi! Cest Marie-Antoinette là?: Reflections on the Recent Bernadette de Boysson and Xavier Salmon eds.

Share on Facebook Share on Whatsapp

Choose PDF

More..

Pourquoi Marie-Antoinette a été tué ?

Le 15, au terme d'un procès expéditif, elle est condamnée à la peine de mort pour crime de haute trahison.
. Elle est exécutée le 16 octobre à midi un quart.

Pourquoi Marie-Antoinette Est-elle célèbre ?

Car Marie-Antoinette est une femme de goût, qui aime les étoffes, les beaux endroits et les beaux objets (mais délaisse la lecture).
. Elle a un rôle déterminant de mécène dans l'histoire des arts textiles : elle lance des modes, a ses créateurs, multiplie les extravagances.

Est-ce que Marie-Antoinette était belle ?

Sans être belle à proprement parler, Marie-Antoinette possédait un teint transparent, des yeux gris-bleu et des cheveux blonds tirant sur le roux (s'ils apparaissent plutôt cendrés sur cette toile, c'est qu'ils étaient poudrés, comme le voulait la mode de l'époque).

Est-ce que Marie-Antoinette a été marié à 9 ans ?

Mariée à 14 ans avec le dauphin Louis, futur roi Louis XVI, Marie-Antoinette d'Autriche, devenue reine consort en 1774, n'accouche de leur premier enfant que huit ans et demi après leur union, le 19 décembre 1778.

PDF	Marie-Antoinette :une reine de tragédie - Lehman College - CUNY En épousant le Dauphin de France, Marie- Antoinette, la dernière des seize enfants de l'impératrice-reine Marie-Thérèse, est cen- sée renouer les liens d'une

PDF	Le métier de Reine Marie-Antoinette (1755-1793) : Fille de François de Lorraine et de l'impératrice Marie-Thérèse Son mariage avec le futur Louis XVI, le 16 mai 1770, couronne les

PDF	Marie-Antoinette dans le désordre : raconter une - Archipel UQAM Ces séances d'habillage correspondaient aux rares moments de calme de leur existence 41 41 Chantal Thomas 2002 Les Adieux à la reine Paris: Seuil, p 40 -

PDF	La Reine Marie-Antoinette - LHistoire antique des pays et des depuis bien des années, la nation avait un roi et une reine selon son cœur les séjours de Louis XV ; Marie-Antoinette s'y montre sans gardes ; elle parcourt

PDF	Couplets et refrainsau temps de Marie Antoinette, Reine, femme et Dès la mort de Louis XV, Louis XVI a exilé la maîtresse de son grand-père, madame du Barry, et reprend possession du Petit Trianon, qu'il offre à Marie-

PDF	Marie-Antoinette dAutriche - Janine TISSOT Dernière reine de France et de Navarre, épouse de Louis XVI, devenue impopulaire elle est surnommée l'Autrichienne ou Madame Déficit Elle perd la tête sur l'

PDF	Lorthodontiste de la Reine - Revue dOrthopédie Dento-Faciale Quand fut décidé le mariage de Marie- Antoinette avec le dauphin (futur Louis XVI), sa mère, l'impératrice Marie- Thérèse d'Autriche, voulut parfaire la

PDF	Marie-Antoinette - The domain fnac-staticcom is registered by préférées de Marie-Antoinette ? La reine aime la couleur et apprécie particulièrement les tons pastel et frais : le vert d'eau, le pervenche, le lilas, le mauve et