3.50 - Flamenco Export

How do flamenco musicians count their 12 beat cycle 12 beats each measure )?

Flamenco compas is counted in sequences of 4 counts for the 2/4, 4/4 families (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc.), and in sequences of 6 or 12 counts for the 3/4, 6/8 families.
The 12 count compas cycles are expressed in terms of two or four measures depending on the Flamenco form and context.

What is Spanish flamenco music based on 50 sets of rhythms chords and forms known as?

Palos (formerly known as cantes) are flamenco styles, classified by criteria such as rhythmic pattern, mode, chord progression, stanzaic form and geographic origin.
There are over 50 different palos, some are sung unaccompanied while others have guitar or other accompaniment.

What is the common time signature for flamenco?

Flamenco Fandangos have a 3/4 rhythm (previously 6/8, now 3/4 or 3/8), with an accent on the first beat.

Flamenco Music Theory is an analysis of the specific elements related to its expression: form, rhythm, melody, and harmony.
This classical approach to analysis, theory, and notation provides musicians with familiar tools and terminology for a more detailed study of flamenco music.