role des photorecepteurs


  • Quel est le rôle des photorécepteurs ?

    Les photorécepteurs sont les cellules de la rétine spécialisées dans la réception de la lumière. On distingue les photorécepteurs à cônes situés au centre de la rétine, des photorécepteurs à bâtonnets en périphérie de la rétine.
  • Quels sont les types de photorécepteurs ?

    Il existe deux grands types de photorécepteurs : les bâtonnets, fonctionnant en faible éclairement, et les cônes, actifs seulement en fort éclairement. Chaque photorécepteur ne synthétise qu'un seul type de pigment.
  • Quels sont les rôles respectifs des cônes et des bâtonnets ?

    Les cônes sont responsables de la vision centrale. Ce sont eux qui permettent de faire fonctionner la vision photopique, c'est-à-dire la perception des couleurs. Ils ont besoin d'une forte luminosité pour fonctionner. À l'inverse, les bâtonnets permettent la vision scotopique, la vision à faible luminosité.
  • Tapissant le fond de l'oeil, la rétine visuelle ou nerveuse est le lieu de traduction du message lumineux venant de l'extérieur en signaux nerveux envoyés au cerveau. Il s'agit d'un tissu neuronal très fin, qui fait partie du Système Nerveux Central, de 0,1 à 0,5 mm d'épaisseur, organisée en dix couches de cellules.
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