naming alcohols aldehydes and ketones

How do you name an aldehyde?
Alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, and ketones are named using the following convention: Count the number of carbon atoms in the parent chain and write the name of the alkane that has the same number of carbon atoms. Drop –e from the alkane name. alcohol, replace with the suffix –ol .
What are the common names of aldehydes and ketones?
The common names of aldehydes are taken from the names of the corresponding carboxylic acids: formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and so on. The common names of ketones, like those of ethers, consist of the names of the groups attached to the carbonyl group, followed by the word ketone.
How are alcohols aldehydes carboxylic acids and ketones related?
If three carbon atoms are directly attached, the alcohol is called a tertiary alcohol. That's great, but how are alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, and ketones related? It turns out that primary alcohols may be oxidized to aldehydes which, in turn, may be oxidized to carboxylic acids.
Can aldehydes and ketones be starting materials for other functional groups?
Aldehydes and ketones can be starting materials for a range of other functional groups. We will be learning about the nomenclature and reactions of aldehydes and ketones, including how to use acetals as protecting groups. Aldehydes and ketones can be starting materials for a range of other functional groups.

Overview

This article provides information about aldehydes and ketones, including their definition, naming conventions in both IUPAC system and common names, priority when combined with other functional groups such as alcohols or alkenes, examples of each type of molecule etc. chem.libretexts.org

Aldehydes, ketones

Aldehydes contain the carbonyl group bonded to at least one hydrogen atom. Ketones contain the carbonyl group bonded to two carbon atoms. The IUPAC system assigns a characteristic suffix of -one to ketones while aldehyde is named as formyl or methanoyl group. chem.libretexts.org

Naming aldehydes

Common parent chain names are used for naming aldehyde with suffix –aldehyde added, Greek letters are used for designating positions near the carbonyl group. If attached to ring, suffix -carbaldehyde is added and C1 is assigned to it. chem.libretexts.org

Naming ketones

The IUPAC system assigns characteristic suffix of -one to ketone, location number may be given if necessary; common name formed by naming both alkyl groups attached +ketone in alphabetical order. Some common names still exist that need memorizing such as propanone commonly referred as acetone. chem.libretexts.org

Priority in nomenclature

When an alcohol functional group present along with carbonyls then OH is named as hydroxyl substituent and when alkene functional group present then alkene has priority over carbonyls so lowest possible location number should be given first followed by appropriate nomenclature suffix . chem.libretexts.org

Dialdehyde & diketones

For dialdehydde both carbonyls have no location numbers but ending-dial is added ,for diketoes both require locator numbers either ending-dione or dial can be added . chem.libretexts.org

Cyclic compounds containing Carbonyls

In cyclic ketons only 1st position goes unnumbered unless more than one exists ,prefix cyclo indicates its presence in ring ;In case of cycloalkanes having 2 ketonws both require locator numbers and ending-dione instead of removing e from end . chem.libretexts.org

Aldehydes and Ketones: Naming + Properties

PDF	The Carbonyl Group Nomenclature of Aldehydes and Ketones Learn the IUPAC system for naming aldehydes and ketones. the products of hydrogenation oxidation

PDF	Aldehydes Aldehydes Ketones and Carboxylic Carboxylic Acids This is known as Aldol reaction. The name aldol is derived from the names of the two functional groups aldehyde and alcohol

PDF	Aldehydes Aldehydes Ketones and Carboxylic Acids Aldehydes Though ketones give ketols (compounds containing a keto and alcohol groups) the general name aldol condensation still applies to the reactions of ketones due

PDF	Alcohols Phenols and Ethers ethers according to the IUPAC system of nomenclature;. • discuss the reactions involved in the preparation of alcohols from alkenes aldehydes

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PDF	The Carbonyl Group Learn to recognize the aldehyde and ketone functional groups. • Learn the IUPAC system for naming aldehydes and ketones.

PDF	Interchapter P: Alcohols Aldehydes and Ketones For example the IUPAC name for formaldehyde

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