The origin of caste. Caste in India has four roots. (a) racial (b) occupational and economic (c) migrational and (d) religious. Racial roots of caste.


  • Overview

    This article explains the complexities of India's caste system, which is one of the world's oldest forms of social stratification and divides Hindus into four main categories based on their karma (work) and dharma (duty). The article also highlights how British colonial rulers set hard boundaries for castes to simplify the system, leading to its fo...

  • Caste System

    The caste system divides Hindus into four main categories - Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and the Shudras. It is based on their karma (work) and dharma (duty). Manusmriti acknowledges and justifies the caste system as the basis of order in society.

  • Hindu Hierarchy

    At the top of hierarchy were Brahmins who were mainly teachers and intellectuals, followed by Kshatriyas or warriors and rulers, then Vaishyas or traders. At bottom were Shudras who did all menial jobs. Main castes divided into about 3k castes & 25k sub-castes each based on specific occupation. Outside this was achhoots - Dalits or untouchables.

  • Social Life & Repression

    For centuries, caste dictated almost every aspect of Hindu religious life with each group occupying a specific place in complex hierarchy; rural communities arranged on basis of castes; upper/lower lived in segregated colonies; water wells not shared etc.; lower repressed by privileged groups but some have risen to prestigious positions despite obs...

  • British Influence

    Until 18th Century formal distinction limited importance to Indians but hard boundaries set by colonial rulers using censuses to simplify for easy governance creating single society with common law making it India's defining social feature; new research shows that happened primarily due to British influence .

  • Constitution

    Independent India banned discrimination on basis of caste through its constitution ; announced quotas for scheduled castes/tribes 1950 which later extended to OBCs 1989 ; declining influence especially in cities where different castes live side-by-side inter-caste marriages becoming more common .

  • Decline & Persistence

    In recent decades spread secular education growing urbanisation has led decline but remains strong last names indication what caste person belongs too ; many people began using just one name after social reform movements esp southern states northern state Bihar .

Where did the caste system originate?

Updated September 06, 2019 The origins of the caste system in India and Nepal are not fully known, but castes seem to have originated more than 2,000 years ago. Under this system, which is associated with Hinduism, people were categorized by their occupations.

Does the caste system demarcate racial division?

The Caste system does not demarcate racial division. The Caste system is a social division of people of the same race." Various sociologists, anthropologists and historians have rejected the racial origins and racial emphasis of caste and consider the idea to be one that has purely political and economic undertones.

What are the four roots of caste in India?

Caste in India has four roots, (a) racial (b) occupational and economic (c) migrational and (d) religious. Racial roots of caste Prehistoric India was inhabited first by the Negritos, later added to by the Proto Austroloids, then by Dra vidians and Mongoloids and finally by the 'Vedic Aryans, who are

How has the social caste system changed in India?

Moreover, democratic values, the human rights movement, and the processes of industrialization have affected the rigid social caste system of India and led in some areas to a blurring of caste boundaries and a decline in the importance of caste identity.

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