inclusion métallurgie


What are the types of inclusions in steel?

  • Manganese sul? de is the most common type of inclusion en- countered. According to analysis based on the steel ingots containing 0.01-0.15% sulfur, the morphology is typically clas- si? ed into three types: a. Type I are silicon-killed steels (or steels incompletely killed with aluminum, zirconium or titanium).

What is the source of nonmetallic inclusions?

  • The steelmaking process (tap, ladle treatment and continuous casting) is the source for most nonmetallic inclusions (Fig. 1), although indigenous (natural) sources, alloy additions and exog- enous (foreign) sources such as refractory or slag also contribute. Most are formed because admixture dissolubility decreases during cooling and consolidation.

What is the standard test method for inclusions in steel?

  • Common test methods include ASTM E 45-05e2 (Standard Test Method for Determining the Inclusion Content of Steel) and ASTM E 2142- 08 (Standard Test Methods for Rating and Classifying Inclusions in Steel Using the Scanning Electron Microscope). Where Do Inclusions Come From?

What are the different methods of inclusion analysis?

  • Individual inclusions of- ten consist of more than one type, such as sul? des and silicates, so energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis is a useful tool. EDS offers both point analysis and X-ray maps to distinguish among types of inclusions directly, not just by inference from shape. ASTM E 2142 de? nes three methods of inclusion analysis.
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