acetic anhydride synthesis erowid

What is acetic anhydride used for?
Though internationally controlled as a heroin precursor, acetic anhydride also used to synthesize aspirin and chemicals for leather tanning and photography. Morphine hydrochloride or morphine base is mixed with acetic anhydride at about three-times the mass of the former in a stainless steel or enamel pot.
Which intermediate reacts with benzaldehyde acetic anhydride and sodium acetate?
This intermediate also has two acidic protons and reacts with benzaldehyde, acetic anhydride and sodium acetate to a so-called azlactone. This compound on reduction gives access to phenylalanine.
How to make phenylacetone from acetic anhydride?
The preparation of phenylacetone from phenylacetic acid and acetic anhydride is described. A mixture of reactants with alkali acetate and copper sulphate is refluxed, extracted, decanted and distilled, giving the pure product in a minimum 50% yield.
How do you mix morphine and acetic anhydride?
Morphine hydrochloride or morphine base is mixed with acetic anhydride at about three-times the mass of the former in a stainless steel or enamel pot. The pot lid is tied or clamped on with a damp towel for a gasket (a makeshift reflux apparatus), and the mixture is heated at 85 degrees Celsius (185 degrees F), avoiding boiling.

The Making of Heroin

I wrote this piece a few months ago, but never got around to posting it. Most of the information on synthesis comes from the DEA publication _Opiumand Heroin Cultivation in Southest Asia_. Recently, someone put the this on the web at http://www.omnilex.com/public/ps.html, HTML'ed and illustrated. Then they took it down (although the table of conten

I. The Poppy

Illicit cultivation of the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) hastraditionally been an Asian business. More recently, production hasspread to the highlands of the tropical regions of the WesternHemisphere, primarily Mexico and Colombia. The worldwide illicit opiumharvest in 1995 was estimated at 4,157 metric tons, the majorityaccounted for by the est

II. Opium: Some Vital Statistics

Over 40 different alkaloids have been identified as present in opium(4,6), mostly as salts of meconic acid (4). The most important of these,of course, is morphine. Although Turkish opium (Druggists Opium) maycontain up to 21% morphine (4), the average morphine content of opiumtapped from P. somniferum is 9 to 14% by mass. Next most prominent iscode

III. Heroin Manufacture

The complete conversion of raw opium to pure heroin hydrochloride (diacetylmorphine HCl) may be summarized as follows: 1. Purification of raw opium --> 2. extraction/purification of morphine from opium --> 3. conversion of morphine to heroin base --> 4. purification of heroin base and conversion to hydrochloride salt. After step 4, diluents and adu

Purification of Opium.

Raw opium collected from the poppy as described above is placed in anopen cooking pot of boiling water. This should dissolve all of thealkaloids in the opium, while solid plant material, soil, twigs, etc.remain undissolved and float to the top of the solution. Solidimpurities are scooped out or filtered by straining the mixture thoughcheesecloth or

Extraction of morphine.

Processed opium is stirred in large drum of boiling water until it hascompletely dissolved. Slaked lime (calium hydroxide), at about one-fifththe mass of opium (8), (or a fertilzer with a high lime content) isadded to the solution. This has the effect of converting morphine,insoluble in cool water, into the soluble salt, calcium morphenate. Forthe

Conversion of Morphine to Heroin Base.

The key chemical used in the acetylation of morphine to form heroin isacetic anhydride, a colorless, highly combustible liquid with a strongpickle-like odor. Though internationally controlled as a heroinprecursor, acetic anhydride also used to synthesize aspirin andchemicals for leather tanning and photography. Morphine hydrochloride ormorphine bas

Conversion of Heroin Base to Heroin Hydrochloride.

For each kilogram of heroin base (or re-crystallized heroin base), 6.6liters of of ethyl alcohol, 6.6 liters of ether, and 225 milliliters ofconcentrated hydrochloric acid are measured out. The base is dissolvedby heating with one-third of the alcohol and one half of the acid.Another one-third of the acid is stirred in. Next, the remaining acid isa

Acetic Anhydride from Vinegar: The Sulfur Chloride Route OTC Acetic Anhydride Synthesis

Aspirin Synthesis Mechanism Organic Chemistry

PDF	A survey of reported synthesis of methaqualone and some positional Route (ii): A one-step reaction carried out by refluxing anthranilic acid (A) acetic acid (or acetic anhydride) (B)

PDF	The Ultrasound Promoted Knoevenagel Condensation of Aromatic an acetic acid solution of the aldehyde with the appropriate nitroalkane Ultrasound in Synthesis. Springer-Verlag Berlin

PDF	The leuckart reaction Wallach used free formic or acetic acid with the intention of suppress- ing (60%). a-(B-Naphthyl)ethylamine 640. (Preparation and Use of Formamide-Formic ...

PDF	March 1924 onic ester https://www.erowid.org/archive/rhodium/pdf/alcohols2halides.hcl-zncl2.pdf

PDF	Synthesis and Serotonin Binding Site Studies of Some Bamford-Stevens reaction as exemplified by the preparation of. 13a: A solution of 157 mg (0.48 mmol) of ketone 10a in 18 mL of acetic acid was treated with

PDF	Organoboranes. 39. Convenient Procedures for the Preparation of The carbonylation of borane-dimethyl sulfide gives in high yields trimethylboroxin readily hydrated to methylboronic acid. The reaction of methyllithium with

PDF	The Hydroxylation of Unsaturated Substances. 111. The Use of efficient in the production of the desired product than reactions with other acetic acid; m. p. 159-160'. Ciusa and Vecchiottill give 160' as the m. p. ...

PDF	The Total Synthesis of Cannabinoids perbenzoic acid at 0° formed 54 from the acetate of (±)-cis-Â¹-THC 53. Under. Page 20. 2. Strategy in the Synthesis of (−)-^¹- and ^º-THCs and their

PDF	The Chemical Development of the Commercial Route to Sildenafil: A tions was perfectly serviceable for the synthesis of develop- ment 1-Methyl-3-propyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid. (1)3 (1.59 kg 9.45 mol) dissolved in ...

PDF	Documentation of a heroin manufacturing process in Afghanistan Then the air-dried morphine base was weighed. Conversion of morphine to heroin. The amount of acetic anhydride needed for heroin synthesis was weighed out. (

PDF	4-Dimethylaminopyridine as a catalyst in heroin synthesis subjected to a solution made up of 4-DMAP (catalyst) methylene chloride (solvent) and acetic anhydride (acetylating agent). We showed that in comparison

PDF	A survey of reported synthesis of methaqualone and some positional Route (i): A two-step reaction involving the preparation of N-acetylanthranilic acid (C) from anthranilic acid (A) and acetic acid anhydride (B)

PDF	Synthesis of Ergot Alkaloids from Tryptophan lysergic acid synthesis from llb and was further suggested by a The product was recrystallized from ethyl acetate mp 191-193.

PDF	The leuckart reaction a-(3-Naphthyl)ethylamine (Preparation and Use of Formamide-Formic Acid sodium and ethanol sodium amalgam and acetic acid

PDF	Untitled Extensions of the Leuckart Synthesis of Amines method for which no other method of synthesis ... acetic acid about half of the resulting mixture of.

PDF	Organoboranes. 39. Convenient Procedures for the Preparation of Methylboronic acid and ita anhydride tximethylboroxin

PDF	Approaches to the Preparation of Enantiomerically Pure (2R2R)-(+ enantioselective synthesis; enzymatic hydrolysis;. (2R2'R)-threo-methylphenidate; resolution; (10) free base with (±)-menthoxyacetic acid in 2-pro-.

PDF	Synthesis of polymer-supported TEMPO catalysts and their Abstract—We describe the synthesis of a recyclable polymer-supported TEMPO as a catalyst in the anhydride derivative 1 was opened in MeOH followed.

PDF	Central Stimulants. Cyclized Diphenylisopropylamines five-step synthesis from pP-diphenylalanine. Ini- tially the amino acid was obtained by alkylation of in glacial acetic acid (10 ml.) waa added.

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PDF	A survey of reported synthesis of methaqualone and some - Erowid Route (i): A two-step reaction involving the preparation of N-acetylanthranilic acid (C) from anthranilic acid (A) and acetic acid anhydride (B), followed by

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PDF	Synthesis of Degradation Products of 2- (6-Hydroxy-Z - Erowid tion products were proved by synthesis and are: 1,5-dimethoxy-2,3- methylenedioxybenzene dine was cooled to 0 , and 0 2 nil of acetic anhydride was added

PDF	I INTRODUCTION - Erowid In the preparation of complexes 'of the mercuric salts of the higher fatty acids at benzoylation (51) but react with acetic anhydride or acetyl chloride, leading

PDF	Chemistry, Design, and Structure−Activity Relationship of - Erowid and acetone dicarboxylic acid anhydride 106 in methanol were added The pH of the reaction was maintained at about 4 5 by addition of sodium acetate 224

PDF	Psilocybinbiosynthesis-2pdf - Erowid formic acid in 0 41 ml acetic anhydride according to Stauffer 14 The N- formyltryptamine to exchange Fig 1 Synthesis of 14C- and 'H-labelled precursors

PDF	A new direct synthesis of cinnamic acids from aromatic - Erowid the carboxylic acids corresponding to the anhydrides used in the reaction (the Perkin reaction) 1 Thus, potassium acetate can be used for the reac- tion between

PDF	PDHG - Acetic Anhydride - Nov-2011 In the presence of water, Acetic Anhydride reacts slowly at room temperature to form acetic acid At moderate and elevated temperatures, however, this reaction

PDF	Chasing the dragon - an overview of heroin trafficking - MedCrave 16 nov 2015 · opiates such as opium, morphine and heroin 13 Initial synthesis of morphine is then refluxed with acetic anhydride for five hours and