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PDF Building Multi-File Programs with the make Tool

Dependency Rules in Makefile Dependency rule syntax target: dependencies command • target: the file you want to build • dependencies: the files on which the target depends • command: (after a TAB character) what to execute to create the target Dependency rule semantics • Build target iff it is older than any of its

  • How do I create a makefile?

    Create the following file named "makefile" (without any file extension), which contains rules to build the executable, and save in the same directory as the source file. Use "tab" to indent the command (NOT spaces). Running make without argument starts the target " all " in the makefile. A makefile consists of a set of rules.

  • How do I keep two Makefiles in the same directory?

    I have two makefiles in the same directory. Many of the recipes have identical names and here are two solutions: 1. Prefix in make 2. Keep two separate files Project A has makefile. Type make hello. Project B has a separate make file called projb.mk. Type bmake hello. This works since I've added alias bmake ='make -f projb.mk to my .bashrc.

  • Why do I need a makefile if I have a file?

    So, if you have a file will run the C compiler; otherwise, if you have a file will run the Pascal compiler; and so on. Of course, when you write the makefile, you know which implicit rule you want to use, and you know it will choose that one because you know which possible prerequisite files are supposed to exist.

A Brief History and Introduction to GCC

The original GNU C Compiler (GCC) is developed by Richard Stallman, the founder of the GNU Project. Richard Stallman founded the GNU project in 1984 to create a complete Unix-like operating system as free software, to promote freedom and cooperation among computer users and programmers. GCC, formerly for "GNU C Compiler", has grown over times to su

Installing GCC on Unixes

GNU Toolchain, including GCC, is included in all Unixes. It is the standard compiler for most Unix-like operating systems. www3.ntu.edu.sg

Installing GCC on Mac OS X

Open a Terminal, and enter "gcc --version". If gcc is not installed, the system will prompt you to install gcc. www3.ntu.edu.sg

Installing GCC on Windows

For Windows, you could either install Cygwin GCC, MinGW GCC or MinGW-W64 GCC. Read "How to install Cygwin and MinGW". 1. Cygwin GCC: Cygwin is a Unix-like environment and command-line interface for Microsoft Windows. Cygwin is huge and includes most of the Unix tools and utilities. It also included the commonly-used Bash shell. 2. MinGW: MinGW (Min

Post Installation

You could display the version of GCC via --versionoption: More details can be obtained via -voption, for example, You can get the help manual via the --helpoption. For example, You can read the GCC manual pages (or man pages) via the manutility: Reading man pages under CMD or Bash shell can be difficult. You could generate a text file via: The colu

Getting Started

The GNU C and C++ compiler are called gcc and g++, respectively. Below is the Hello-world C program hello.c: To compile the hello.c: The default output executable is called "a.exe" (Windows) or "a.out" (Unixes and Mac OS X). To run the program: Notes for Unixes and Bash Shell: 1. In Bash shell, the default PATH does not include the current working

GCC Compilation Process

GCC compiles a C/C++ program into executable in 4 steps as shown in the above diagram. For example, a "gcc -o hello.exe hello.c" is carried out as follows: 1. Pre-processing: via the GNU C Preprocessor (cpp.exe), which includes the headers (#include) and expands the macros (#define).> cpp hello.c > hello.iThe resultant intermediate file "hello.i" c

Headers

A library is a collection of pre-compiled object files that can be linked into your programs via the linker. Examples are the system functions such as printf() and sqrt(). There are two types of external libraries: static library and shared library. 1. A static library has file extension of ".a" (archive file) in Unixes or ".lib" (library) in Windo

GCC Environment Variables

GCC uses the following environment variables: 1. PATH: For searching the executables and run-time shared libraries (.dll, .so). 2. CPATH: For searching the include-paths for headers. It is searched after paths specified in -I options. C_INCLUDE_PATH and CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATHcan be used to specify C and C++ headers if the particular language was i

0 Utilities For Examining The Compiled Files

For all the GNU utilities, you can use "command --help" to list the help menu; or "man command" to display the man pages. The utility "file" can be used to display the type of object files and executable files. For example, The utility "nm" lists symbol table of object files. For example, "nm" is commonly-used to check if a particular function is d

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