economic impacts of climate change
What are the effects of economic climate?
Economic climate - Key takeaways
Falling levels of production, consumer income and spending, and employment weaken the economic climate.
There are three main aspects of the economic climate that can affect a business: interest rates, level of employment, and consumer spending.How does the climate change affect the economy?
Recent research, focusing specifically on the effects of climate change on average temperatures, points in this direction.
Temperature has been found to affect income via agricultural yields, the physical and cognitive performance of workers, demand for energy, as well as the incidence of crime, unrest, and conflict.4 jan. 2023Deforestation, together with agriculture and other land use changes, is responsible for roughly a quarter of global greenhouse gas emissions.
Most cars, trucks, ships, and planes run on fossil fuels.
That makes transportation a major contributor of greenhouse gases, especially carbon-dioxide emissions.
What are the social and economic consequences of climate change?
Projected increases in the incidence of severe weather, heavy flooding, and wildfires associated with reduced summer ground moisture in many regions will threaten homes, dams, transportation networks and other facets of human infrastructure.
The Need For Spatial-Dynamic Models
Motivated by these observations, we came to realize the need for economic climate assessment models that take both temporal and spatial dimensions explicitly into account. As temperatures and sea levels change, individuals and firms will respond, and an important part of that adaptation will materialize between, rather than within, locations. Incor
Temperature Change Across Latitudes
In 2015, we used this framework to study the effect of global warming on sectoral specialization, trade, and mobility.2As a first pass, a one-dimensional framework that focuses on differences across latitudes and ignores differences across longitudes is reasonable: a mere 5 percent of the world’s variance in temperature occurs within latitudes. Thi
Modeling The World’S Geography
To more precisely quantify these costs and the spatial frictions faced by agents adapting to climate change, we needed a model with realistic geography. Although a one-dimensional model may be enough to analyze the main effects of rising temperatures across latitudes, it does not suffice to convincingly assess the economic effects of climate change
The Economic Cost of Sea Level Rise
One of the main consequences of a warming world is the global rise in sea levels, expected to surpass half a meter on average by the year 2100. To assess the economic impact of the inundation of coastal areas, we joined forces with climate scientists who generated probabilistic sea level rise projections for various locations around the globe.4Alth
The Geography of Global Warming
In recent work, we have turned our attention from sea level rise to global warming, using a more comprehensive and sophisticated assessment model. We allow changes in local temperatures to influence three local characteristics.5First, changes in temperature affect local productivity, with the impact depending on the location’s initial temperature.
Trade and Migration as Adaptation Mechanisms
In addition to migration, trade also has the potential to act as a powerful adaptation mechanism. There are, of course, situations where the scope for trade to mitigate the impact of climate change is limited. For example, if global warming affects the productivity of all local firms similarly and if changes in temperature are spatially correlated,
What’s Next?
We are continuing to improve our climate assessment model, estimating richer damage functions that incorporate episodic effects and their variance, incorporating anticipatory effects on investments, and adding a richer sectoral composition with input-output linkages. Our agenda includes a thorough evaluation of various environmental policies, inclu
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This paper measures the economic impact of climate change on US agricultural land by estimating the effect of random year-to-year variation in temperature |
The Economic Impacts of Climate Change: Evidence from
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These estimates show that climate change initially improves economic welfare However, these benefits are sunk Impacts would be predominantly negative later in the century Global average impacts would be comparable to the welfare loss of a few percent of income, but substantially higher in poor countries |
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