F. BATTIN - Gas-Oil

The typical composition of gasoline hydrocarbons (% volume) is as follows: 4-8% alkanes; 2-5% alkenes; 25-40% isoalkanes; 3-7% cycloalkanes; l-4% cycloalkenes; and 20-50% total aromatics (0.5-2.5% benzene) (IARC 1989).

What is the flash point of fuel oil?

In other words, at what temperature do the vapors coming off your oil catch fire? For most gasoline oil samples, it's around 380°F.
For most diesel samples, it's about 410°F.

This paper presents a review of gas-phase detailed kinetic models developed to simulate the low-temperature oxidation and autoignition of gasoline and Autres questions

1 Introduction

The gradual transition towards newer and more sustainable energy sources for combustion applications is being carried out by pursuing two major targets: (i) a smarter, more efficient use of the available resources, in such a way to reduce energy wastes and CO2 emissions, and (ii) a systematic control of pollutant emissions, which are formed as bypr

2 Methodology

2.1 Experimental setup The experimental measurements were performed using two different reactors, a jet-stirred reactor (JSR) and a tubular flow reactor (FR) working close to atmospheric pressure, in order to explore the low, intermediate and high temperature oxidation of ammonia with high dilution levels by using helium as carrier gas. Bronkhorst mass flow controllers are used for reactor feeding (relative uncertainty of ±0.5% in flow). Helium (99.999% pure) and O2(99.999%) were provided by Messer. A cylinder of 2

3 Results and Discussion

3.1 Estimated rate constants The rate constant of two barrierless decomposition reactions and five H-abstraction reactions were determined theoretically. In particular, the barrierless decomposition of ammonia into NH2 + H and of HNO into NO + H were determined as a function of temperature and pressure solving the master equation, and then fitted in the PLOG format. Ammonia decomposition has been studied in literature both as a forward and backward (recombination) process. The high-pressure rate constant calculated in th

4 Conclusions

The renewed interest raised by NH3 combustion in the recent years has made available a significant amount of experimental data, characterizing its reactivity in a wide range of operating conditions. Yet, a comprehensive understanding of its kinetic behavior is still an open challenge, especially at low-temperature (T < 1200 K) and under diluted con

Nomenclature

Roman symbols P 1. Pressure [Pa] T 1. Temperature [K] Greek symbols τ 1. Residence time [s] Φ 1. Equivalence ratio [−] Acronyms BSF 1. Burner-stabilized flame DFT 1. Density functional theory FR 1. Flow reactor IDT 1. Ignition delay time JSR 1. Jet-stirred reactor LFS 1. Laminar flame speed ME 1. Master equation NOx 1. Nitrogen oxides PES 1. Potential energy surface ppm 1. Parts per million PW 1. Present work RCM 1. Rapid compression machine ST 1. Shock tube VTST 1. Variational transition state theory pubs.rsc.org

Acknowledgements

This work has been carried out under the financial support of the IMPROOF project (H2020-IND-CE-2016-17/H2020-SPIRE-S016) within the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement no. 723706), and of the COST Action CM1404 “Chemistry of smart energy carriers and technologies”. The authors are also grateful to Prof. Chr

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