PDF the age factor in second language acquisition david singleton PDF

Is there an age factor in first and second language acquisition?

This book examines the evidence relative to the idea that there is an age factor in first and second language acquisition, evidence that has sources ranging from studies of feral children to evaluations of language programmes in primary schools. It goes on to explore the various explanations that have been advanced to account for such evidence.

Is age a factor in L2 acquisition?

Singleton (2004) summarises the age factor debate in L2 acquisition as follows: (1) Overall, younger learners are not more or less efficient than older learners in L2 acquisition. Age is simply one factor among many individual variables. ... Immigrant teenagers in schools. languages and learning during the newly-arrived phase.

How does age affect language learning?

This unswervingly affects their exposure to the target language as well as their Critical Period of language learning as this hypothesis considers the younger age to be the better age for language acquisition (Birdsong, 1999;Penfield & Roberts, 2014; Singleton & Ryan, 2004).

When is the phonology of a first language acquired?

The phonology of a first language is acquired in the earliest stages of the acquisition of the first language.