It goes without saying that the goal of pharmacodynamics in a pharmacological therapy setting is to exert positive effects at the least necessary dose that produces the maximum therapeutic effect while minimizing the pharmacodynamics that leads to an adverse event.
From this simplified schematic of DDS processing and drug release, it becomes apparent that a critical step in the pharmacodynamics of drugs loaded into DDS is the release from the particle. For most delivery systems, drug release is optimally slow in the circulation and rapid inside of target cells.
One issue with current pharmacodynamic modeling is the scalability of data from preclinical animal studies to human studies and how to accurately predict the behavior of drugs in the human body.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are vast and complex topics with medical textbooks dedicating entire chapters to explain the details. Due to this, only some of the many relevant concepts have been explained. Compartment models have not been discussed despite their importance to the anaesthetist.