According to the Partnership for 21st Century Learning (2011a), the 4Cs are the 21st-century learning and innovation skills that students should master in their classrooms to be prepared for life after high school. The 4Cs consist of communication, collaboration, critical thinking, and creativity.
Since the 4Cs are learning and innovation skills, their integration into language skills learning should not be seen as additional content that brings extra burdens to both teachers and students. Instead, they facilitate and reinforce students' language skills mastery.
Although to a certain extent most EFL teachers are familiar with the elements of 4Cs, since these skills integration into the curriculum is a relatively new conception, many teachers are still in doubt about it.
Before teachers can integrate 4Cs effectively in the ELT classroom, Bedir (2019) opined that teacher training in the context of 21st century learning and skills are of important. Teachers are expected to be immersed and have acquired technological knowledge and instructional information for 21st century learners.