Instrumentation and control refer to the analysis, measurement, and control of industrial process variables using process control instruments and software tools such as temperature, pressure, flow, and level sensors, analyzers, electrical and mechanical actuators, Human-Machine Interfaces (HMI), Piping and
In an instrumentation and control system, data is acquired by measuring instruments and transmitted to a controller, typically a computer.
The controller then transmits data (control signals) to control devices, which act upon a given process.
The three elements of instrumentation are the sensor, the signal conditioning, and the data acquisition system.
Sensor: The sensor is the physical device that responds to a specific physical phenomenon, such as temperature, pressure, or light, and generates a corresponding electrical signal.