Glaser and Murphy (2009) observed that soft power initiatives in China are primarily seen as cultural in their orientation and sit alongside political, diplomatic, and military activities rather than being subsumed within them (pp. 10–14).
One of the major culture-driven soft powers in the world is India, which is endowed with a rich and diverse creative economy. Among the country’s largest cultural exports is Bollywood, with icons such Amitabh Bachchan and Shah Rukh Khan having served as popular cultural ambassadors of India.
This paper on soft-power connected with culturalism vis-à-vis Henrik Ibsen, draws its essence from the term ‘soft power’ coined and defined by Joseph S Nye Jr. and read in contiguity with ‘culturalism’ that Arjun Appadurai connotes as “identity politics mobilised at the level of the nation-state”.
The advent of soft power in the field of international studies was the result of the convergence of both scholarly trends and history. The emergence of paradigms such as neoliberalism and constructivism began challenging the primacy of Realism in the field of study from the 1970s onward.