What are Unix initialization files & boot scripts?
Initialization Files and Boot Scripts This section discusses the Unix initialization files: command scripts that perform most of the work associated with taking the system to multiuser mode. Although similar … - Selection from Essential System Administration, 3rd Edition [Book]
What is the Linux boot and startup process?
The boot sequence starts when the computer is turned on, and is completed when the kernel is initialized and systemd is launched. The startup process then takes over and finishes the task of getting the Linux computer into an operational state. Overall, the Linux boot and startup process is fairly simple to understand.
What events are required to boot a Linux computer?
In reality, there are two sequences of events that are required to boot a Linux computer and make it usable: boot and startup. The boot sequence starts when the computer is turned on, and is completed when the kernel is initialized and systemd is launched.
What is a boot script in Linux?
For example, Red Hat Linux uses /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit for this purpose, and SuSE Linux systems use /etc/init.d/boot. These scripts focus on the earliest boot tasks such as checking and mounting filesystems, setting the time zone, and initializing and activating swap space.
Initializing A Process
A process can be run in two ways: Method 1: Foreground Process :Every process when started runs in foreground by default, receives input from the keyboard, and sends output to the screen. When issuing pwd command Output: When a command/process is running in the foreground and is taking a lot of time, no other processes can be run or started because the prompt would not be available until the program finishes processing and comes out. Method 2: Background Process: It runs in the background without keyboard input and waits till
Tracking Ongoing Processes
ps (Process status) can be used to see/list all the running processes. For more information -f (full) can be used along with ps For single-process information, ps along with process id is used For a running program (named process) Pidof finds the process id’s (pids) Fields described by ps are described as: 1. UID: User ID that this process belongs
Other Process Commands
bg: A job control command that resumes suspended jobs while keeping them running in the background Syntax: For example: fg: It continues a stopped job by running it in the foreground. Syntax: For example top: This command is used to show all the running processes within the working environment of Linux. Syntax: nice: It starts a new process (job) a
Types of Processes
Parent and Child process :The 2nd and 3rd column of the ps –f command shows process id and parent’s process id number. For each user process, there’s a parent process in the system, with most of th
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