Its main feature is high coherency, making it possible to emit light with the same phase and wavelength.
Laser oscillation is achieved by amplifying light generated through current injection between two mirrors.
Simply put, a laser diode is an LED that amplifies and emits light using reflectors.
The laser diode consists of a p-n junction where there are holes and electrons. (Here, a hole is, the absence of an electron).
When a specific voltage is applied, at the p-n junction, the electrons absorb energy and transfer to a higher energy level.
The basic structure of any laser is based on an active medium (either a gas or semiconductor) contained between multiple reflectors.
A laser's reflectors contain light by oscillating it through a medium repeatedly allowing the energy to coherently build up with each pass using a process called stimulated emission.