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FL 003 356

Bahl, Kali Charan, Comp.

A Dictionary of Hindi Verbal Expressions

(Hindi-English). Final Report. Chicago Univ., Ill.Institute of Intarnational Studies (DHEW/OE),

Washington, D.C.

BR-6-1386

Aug 70

OEC-3-6-061386-0710

1,093p.

MF-$0.65 HC-$36.19

*Dictionaries; English; *Hindi; Idioms; *Indo European Languages; Language Research; Lexicography;Reference Books; Synchronic Linguistics; *Verbs; *Vocabulary This dictionary covers approximately 28,277 verbal expressions in modern standard Hindi and their rendered English equivalents. The study lists longar verbal expressions which are

generally matched by single verbs in English. The lexicographer notesthat the majority of entries in this dictionary do not appear in

their present form in most other monolingual or bilingual dictionaries. Entries have been selected according t linguistic

difficulty and student needs. Hindi expressions having a unitaryconceptual status are rendered to their English equivalent, thereby

overcoming linguistic and semantic problems the studept and teacher of modern standard Hindi frequently encounter. (RL)

FINAL REPOHT

Contract No, OEC-3-6-061386-0710

A DICTI:MARY 0? HINDI VE&iAL EXPRESSIONS

(HI1DI.EAGLISH)

Kali Charan Bahl

University of Chicago

Chicago, Illinois

Awrust 1970

The research reoorted herein

was performed pursuant to a contract with the Office of Education, U.S.Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.Contractors undertaking such projects under Government sponsorshipare encouraged to express freely their professionaljudgment in the conduct of the project.Poinbs of view or opinions stated do not, therefore, necessarilyrepresent official Office of Education positionor policy.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF

HEALIH, EDUCATIM, AJD WELFA22

Office of Education

institute of International Studies

U.S. DEPARTMENT Of HEALTH, EDUCATION & WELFARE

OFFICE OF EDUCATION

THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT.POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDUCATION

POSITION OR POLICY.

A DICTIONARY OF HINDI VERBAL EXPRESSIONS

(HINDI-ENGLISH)

Compiled by

Kali Charan Bahl

Department of South Asian Languages

and Civilizations

The University of Chicago

August 1970

TABLE OF CONTENTS

introduction -5

A Dictionary of Hindi Verbal Expressions

1 - 1083

3 .4rw.

INTRODUCTION

1. A Dictionau of Hindi Verbal Ex ressions consistsof 1083 pages covering approximately 28,277 verbal expressions in modern standard Hindi (MSH) along with their meanings in

English.The primary

contribution of this work to the tradition of Hindi lexicography can be summed up by the following points:- (i)It is the first work of its kind whichlists verbal expressions longer than single lexical itemswhich are generally matched by single verbs 4..n English. (ii) A great majority of the entries of this dictionarydo not appear in monolingual as well as bilingual (i.e., Hindi-

English) dictionaries of Hindi,

although individual words forming these expressionsare reported. (iii) Each entry in this dictionary has beencarefully selected keeping in mind the needs and the difficultiesof the student of the langlmge. (iv) Though this dictionary is byno means exhaustive, we believe, it goes a long way to satisfy the needs of theEnglish speaking student of Hindi by providinghim with the equivalents in English of the Hindi expressionswhich, though complex, have neverthelessa unitary conceptual status at some level of the Hindi semanticstructure.

The last point, which in

our opinion is probably the most significant of the four ways in which A Dictionary of Hindi Verbal

Expressions contributes to the tradition of Hindi

lexicography, needs some elaboration and explanation, especially in the light of the current trends in linguistics very aptly characterized by the late

Uriel Weinreich as "a linguistics preoccupied

with productivity in the strongest, Chomskjan sense,1In other words, this dictionary brings into focus phraseological units of Hindi for which a linguist sees no way, for the present, to give a thoroughly satisfactory treatment "2in a generative-transformational grammar.At the same time, this dictionary makes a modest beginning by listing and suggest- ing the English equivalents of a large number of phraseological units of Hindi and is designed to draw the attention of the language teacher, who in his analytical vein has so far failed to grasp the significance of these phraseological units in the semantic structIre of Hindi, resulting in his imperfect (sometimes even erroneous) understanding of the language. We would like to emphasize that the verbal expression included in this dictionary should not be confused with idiomatic expressions.The bulk of verbal expressions in this dictionary can best be characterized (again using Uriel Weinreich's words) by the terms "phraseological units" or "stable collocations" which have a unitary status at some level in the semantic structure of Hindi by virtue of their occurrence in relatively stable collocations, but not because of their idiomati- city. Because of this self-imposed restriction to include verbal expressions occurring in only relatively stable collocations, it was considered necessary to evolve some criteria for determining the length of these phraseological units for inclusion as verbal expression in this dictionary. A native speaker's intuition is probably the foremost criterion applicable in such a situation.

But his intuitive judgements

do involve some objective basis which must be explicated, especially when one is dealing with two languages.

Therefore, the major criterion

we have employed for determining the length of the dictionary entries is briefly described below. 2. We have tried to include all such complex phraseological units of Hindi which are renderable in English in any one context by a single verb, e.g., the entry vastavikata se kama likana "to under- . re:e". Such a decision, however ad hoc itmay seem on the surface, follows (at least for the purpose of our dictionary) from an important distinction in the grammatical structure of the two languages. This distinction can be illustrated by the following example.

The phrase-

ological unit just cited, i.e., vistavikati se kamalfliang takes as its object nouns involving a reference to their usefulness, value, superiority or tha like.

The English verb "to underrate" as itoccurs

in the sentence "human nature is consistently underrated inbusiness,"3 requires specifi,-ation of the selectional constraints on the occurrence of nouns as its object, i.e., in order to generate grammatical sentences with the verb "to underrate" it is necessary to indicate at some point in the grammar of English that this verb permits the occurrence of nouns as its object marked for the semantic feature usefulness, value, superiority, etc.

For our purpose it does notconcern us as to how

this selectional constraint should be systematically incorporated in a grammar of English, or whether or not this is the best possible way of handling this problem.

What is important for ourpurpose is that there

exists a parallel between English and Hindi in this respect.Instead of requiring a specification by marking the nouns as to their semantic features for the purpose of imposingselectional constraints on them, Hindi requires an express lexical specification of the semantic features in a sentence.

This is illustrated by the Hindi rendering of

the above noted English sentence. vygvasiyika ksetro me sadg manusya kI prakrti kg malya -vastavikata se kama anka jata hai. A comparison between these related expressions in English and Hindi reveals that the expression "human nature" occurring as the object of the verb "to underrate" is matched in the Hindi sentence by the expression "manusya id prakrti kg malya".

In other words, what is

accomplished in a description of the structure of Diglish by imposing selectional constraints on the occurrence of nouns as the object of the verb "to underrate" by requiring them to have markings for the feature usefulness etc., is also required in a systematic description of Hindi.

However, Hindi fulfills this requirement in

a very different way, i.e., by requiring an express lexical specification of the semantic feature by a term (as in the present case the Hindi nounmilla "value, useful- ness etc."). This distinction between imposition of selectional constraints by means of specifying the underlying semantic features of nouns in English, on ihe one hand, and the imposition of selectional constraints on the object nouns through a lexical specification of the semantic features, i.e., by their occurrence in environments like the one illustrated by the example k maya in Hindi, on the other, constitutes a very significant difference in the surface representations of the semantic structures of these two languages.At the same time, it provides a basis for imposing restrictions on the length of the Hindi dictionary entries by enabling us to choose between one of the two possibilities, i.e., maya iistavikati se kama iinkanii/va-stavikati se kama ankana. We can now state this criterion by sayingthat wherever a selectional constraint on the occurrence of lexical items in a given environment in Ene.Lish is matched in Hindi by an express lexical specifi- cation of the semantic feature, the Hindi entry in the dictionary will be limited to the phraseological unit minus the word specifying the semantic feature.

Footnotes

1. UrielWeinreich, "Problems in the Analysis of Idioms," inJaan

Puhvel (ed.),

Substance andbtructure of Lana et(Berkeley and

Los Angeles:

University of California Press, 1969), p.23.

2. Noam Chomsky, Aspects ofthe Theoryof Syntax(Cambridge: The

Press, 1965), p.190.

3. Webster's ThirdInternational Dictionary_of the Englill

Lamar_ (Springfield, Mass., 1

966).
nE

J9T5- to mark

64
(11111-to score a touchdown (rugby) to score ( in a game) c.1111 - to number elik; -RRC9T tokeep score ( in a game)

F.:1-17.71

FltiT vAtkll

6TtirTU

Ni- to stamp 2

imprint to record (write down) to impress to trace (describe) to pencil to mark to print (imprint) to superscribe to delineate to inscribe to draw (sketch) to imprint to engrave - to shoot to sprout -to liullulate (bud) to sprout to germinate Eta'

4101- to goad

14'49' tf el4

RI I- to sprawl

9T"19T

97-1 v1

virr afFi" 777to dance the twist to twist (squirm, writhe) to dismember efrrfre to stretch (the limbs)

CT Bie7K71- -6579T

to maim

WT eiWT

.STTto mutilate

CT did' Foret6 E5T7T

. todismember (a joint)

Zkrqr-17;51-51-

to posture aIT

1T1 01 4:5751-to gesticulate

4.7eRTT

wT7r aitra tr.(iTTT VT9T2 to adopt to embraceto accept (receive favorably) to thumb (onels nose) to granulate (on raw or wounded tissue) to rub (with towel)

717 t9T

to trip (cause to stumble) aroW17, rR1 ETUITto ovulate 10 .3. eroMP; 3--

9' Go1- to spay

- to spawn to lay eggs rt figc:FTto hatch Firr 'au 011.to expire (cease) to go out rirf el0T1 t ziT9Tto terminate

FeiT efq" co(11

- toterminate to abolish ar-iT Ek EFT *9Tto sweep ei4 -<1.7791-to sit out

61°7

11to know

W9T to ma.ke a gap *T. t1t V-19-r - to space etTFI-9Tto differ 'T17

W4111 I- totell (distingrdsh)

afo r79T-to transfer to subtend (math.) to transfer (as to another account)

çp(

E:5791-. toinclude

to comprise zkit olli . totake in (comprise) to appertain edliftrd VtaT - tointerlace abAu1 -151-9T- toimbibe etwri. .e9-1. tointuit afnelWriTto vanish ekr;Tfi's3 VtffT -to reside in (be inherent in) to inhere in afwffro ak-i*WE5T9T ekftwe B771-91 ei-Atizr efT4171ff TOT

49T- toimply

- toinvaginate - to contain to intercalate - to interpenetrate - tointerpolate - to touch up to finalize

STIrtit(ff 7,791-

-to transfer 9-u I .3"t9T 01-TI EFT9T afff:qtul z5T-T eikT717191" eA7 ulTtiT tiq wiTiTto imbibe to interconnect (intr.) to be interconnected to interconnect (tr.) to infiltrate to step in to step in to allow to admit to turn into to turn in to turn down to introduce to show in to usher (in) Aq ffTto turn in to turn in

4q( IT-AT

to confine

T 34-A39T

to simmer (fig.) d1c31%;1BliTiT . to conjecturec;:tt 91ntil 13 elk17:7k ;MU-to speculate (conjecture) to gauge (appraise) to estimate - to estimate to guess

614T q5I9T

- to blind

T zry-IT9T- toturn (infatuate)

to blind to mislead

FATVeT 1i

HIi Ito bludgeon

ekreTi

9-r9- cito run (accept hastily) away

with - to bludgeon .to follow blindly*11.5,1;N rrrt-IT

WTT3TrYT

41q79.

.TT9T

6410,9*

(11E 1.1Vti E5791- zriT era7:1 urr91- to contribute to subscribe (contribute to) - to calib/vte (mark gradations) - to graduate (mark) -to sugarcoat) -to bridle up to stiffen 14

617.5i-G14TT

Tfl c-AiTIT

40 74:9T

eizT)Fe7 WiT.7. to sweep (move proudly) to sweep (move proudly) to prance (swagger) to stalk (stride) to sweep (move proudly) to swagger (strut) to strut (stalk) egiFT

Z'791"to sweep (move proudly)

1Tt divt-910

"cliffT dic:10 c1iT1T aPP1 qi 11 i are11-07 01T `791-

EIWIT ;FT 49Tto freeze (stiffen)

to swell to perk to bridle up to surprise (attack unawares) to nullify to naturalize to stand (alone) to affect (attach) to incapacitate 451
;51-\f-urili9Tto syllabize Uttf

EFOTto syncopate (gram.)

. Is

3r-frr 11' Thqw.

C515 GA dal

491uel Q

11 red9T

6'19037-IT

ei3k1t WfaTto syllabize to smart (rankle) to smart (cause pain) to grate the teeth to rasp (irritate) to truncate to excel to truncate to forward (send) to tend (move) to set to proceed arrp*

1 Ito advance (lend)

aiETTtiT to satiate to surfeit to cloy to surfeit to glut q44

1.09Tto surprise (astonish)

"99T to marvel to wonder

1.6-8-

4ffT9'zii

C-.4.111°1

TFT

11110d fir(

v.h.ci 11C

EA. tzifT97

q1-9z5 EIZ utT9T allT9E5 1Zei- y c11 lcd 1Zp"E9T

61111s) ITE;91TT

4111dd 411

c-,1111c) (141' eRTT7 WITT

WI1 97

4177 tc7T1

71-15T

cigTffq t9T zi91-97 ur6k- to rush - to break out - to slump (of prices) - to slump (of prices) - to plummet - to duck - to jink (intr., to move quickly with sudden turns or changes in direction) - to jink (tro) - to zoom (of prices) to jump (intr.) - to rocket (of prices) - to jump(tr.) - to collapse - to burst open - to burst open - to burst into flame ?MTN Q-1 grin" flfrir ell I vic0 iq (GItrF.T

Ickrr -651-

GJ1'Iijci

GlIt 100 T1-G-159-r

eilf I ..1c

Tfz+IT9T

Warrt -11 i

ENTZ se- cri9T

eNTT "T ctriT 814q
3179T
zAu c7t ticr10 to surprise (capture by surprise) to (appear) burst . to surprise (come upon unawares) to run upon to break off to stop dead . to cut short to take into one's head to bring up (stop) to smite (wound) to pickle . to pickle . to pickle to souse to chloroform to deaden to stun (knock senseless) to knock out to befuddle (stupefy)

FF E7i-T

9Tto narcoticize

er&QT

EMT- to heal

t*00 'MT - to better(outdo) (7017 qrt i- to cure taKir-wic101k71711- - to behave FITET iiiBTITiT- to use(treat) git 3ri5QT 0'111 - to please to take (come out well) to suit (satisfy, please)

7-51- e4--1-50-

Jiw- Urirr79T

ersEF 'Ft %ill I .kirat7T zir9T citEW149.9T

Zrati efati CI 70-11

-I I- to appeal - to approve ( commend) - to cure to convalesce to recover (from sickness) to heal (reconcile) - to get over - to overhaul - to array (dress up) to deck out to dress up to trick out 19 eles5 u119T gfZEFIT

Te"TiiiN17.1ft 701"

52:35-1T

oidc'ofrii12 to jam (intr., crowd) to stick (lose power of motion, also fig.) to hitch to hesitate to speculate (conjecture) to immobilize ( troops) to intercept to hobble (hamper) to hinder to hitch to impede to obstruct to withho7c: (keep back) to stymie to stick (lose power of motion, also fig.) to detain to encumber to delay to entranmel trt araTtilTr.to abide (by) arce-Tre5791- to guffaw to shriek (with laughter) to cachinate (laugh unusually loudly or convulsively) 20 -13- to roar (with laughter) to scream

FitIT 979-1

- to chip(crack) GTOTT oqill- to hamper t3T-4r1. 9771- - to trip(cause to stumble) erii7ri "*.ITto trip (cause to stumble)

3reI-4 Tt E7t9"7-. to filibuster

ulT9T . to balk(pull up) to persist - to impede to hamper glO t

1391-to roost

[Treff ir t1iul

0 7T9T- to atomize

errff

EMTto overdo

erfff-z7-rreff s:79T- to solarize to overexpose elfm-tntr

E5T9T- to overuse

altd5FDT EMT - to trespass to encroach to trespass on

3i101 I

FircIT

ErsiTT

eirdpq "EFT 49T

TifTr2T-tictd

& z:71-9T zrit9T

011001 ;TTTi"

ETraeiriT

erraefVf ;579T atteift;

EircUrIT9Tto violate (transgress,

to impinge to infringe on to overstep to pass (overstep) to poach to exceed to trench on14 infringe) . to transgress (one Is authority) to trespass (encroach) to overlap to pall to entertain to rhapsodize to puff (praise) to stretch (the truth) to exaggerat e to trowel to overstat e to overdraw (exaggerate) to overcolor (exaggerate) to magnify (exaggerate) to surtax 22
c cif-WERE579-1to infringe on to overshoot to exaggerate to overindulge in . to stick out to overdo to strain (overtax) to overstrain to pay through the nose to overwork to overstrain to swear bymq? "rci-

TT el rcilcil

1/4774

ZiWirqc

z717 717:TT

ElVT9T

ccirEIT qT11. '49T ciWrillEF tic-MT 7T9T

E4ct1rtiz5 q-0

vi 1 tit WirEIGii 1-17 tcii ksTm-rtiz5 oil ermfEIGT 1 -a e711i7;94 VTiT -7t zictn 1 t

9T. toovertiate

to overprice to superabound to overact to tyrannize to ride (control) to oppress to maltreat er4WP-riiTei EFT9T egT VT9T-16- - to exult . to stretch the truth to trade (barter) - to chop (barter) to interchange to swop to truck (barter) to turn (in?) (exchange for) to traffic (barter) - to discharge (perform) to discharge (pay) to pay (a bill) to reimburse

Eizq vt- qT9T

. todisappear (vanish)

FRIdt61I1k 4191-

- tosquint (with the eyes)

01 111

- tohalve (in carpentry) e1g0 k311t1F

ErgrrWr9Tto get the willies

WPM

0.tWq.9T '69T.- tobetter (improve)

arRfzici ell I- tooverindulge in

41 4cd iHc,1I

- tooutshine

TiTtiT

. toovertax Z4 trt ErNa5 rimi" vta-rto overlabor

Erftm i-1371 c".5511-

to work (cause to work) to overlabor (overwork)

QfEre3

iiuto prefer (T57;n t,erifip.,"6-ETTr to overstay arigzici

491"to overpay

04E; fizirmir

. to overissue

OW TM ;-1

to over charge

41 4E5 EKT 49T

to overtire 9191
.to overcharge 61-*
;31.91-to overrefine erI'i urrrr1-1to overbalance (outweigh) elif4iu 44"

77T7T.to overgrow

to outgrow erfergi riTT

7 er1eli.ri-rt19Tto overload

to strain (overtax) to try (put a strain on) to weight (overload) to overload to .overburden tfl ziy riTt M591-

Lit-Terfzrc4f7r-raril

e rkiiI1riI1I crftw v9zr uei5 feriT "(4 aristici 71zijEtitff q 1 463 *114 BA; witiTr; cift.1717 77T9T zl17Arit vc-i-rto overtax to overtask - to test (try severely, tax) - to truncate - to overcrowd - to outlast - to outlive - to underdress - to transcend (exceed) to go beyond to overpass (exceed) to exceed to be occupying to take possession of to assume jurisdiction over to .5-11proximate to capture to overpower to occupy to subdue to curb - to occupy to capture -19-

IF? wcf

ercikcivimto monopolize qfctUr t9T erfOTT mgIT Trir erNm tJr11 erNzon 9T-Ti

ZT arMEM 91-111

erNEFR cu9T- to invest to entitle to enable to empower to commission to authorize to warrant (authorize) to delegate - to aseert oneself - to charter (hire) - to madter - to submit (make submission to) - to dominate to possess (have possession of) to retain ql6AITT oil. to command

Errvivrt

ercrk I14T I t9T

FINEFFT

ecr-rr cifkivirrt

11--4-acdo- to take over

to embargo - to sequester (confiscate) - to rehabilitate (restore) - to disqualify 27
trt errwrT -d9-r ;Tr ElwTT *Ili

CT ciliTC11)

Erfqdv "MT

rr TT9T arrEMPT 'MT eiftlf9171

TT arrnMff EMT

erfErprita. crcaT trt erfczrrir OrWig a111ki9- V19T

EiTi'KzitsTlaT zir(9T

?Fr "c7T9T errtima

Pao-20-

- to possess (know) - tocommand - to take (enjoy as onels right) - to occupy - to commandeer - toabdicate - to enact(law) - toovervalue - to overrate - to halve - to embargo - to sit(be in session) to meet - to adsorb -to incardinate (to adopt canoni- cally or to receive formally (a cleric from another diocese)) - toinstall f-f11f4ff "c7t9T arcfrv-T-E13 ad-9Tto instate to notify to superintend21

6141137137 TOT

to supervise (superintend)

Eriq)..9. 7-C9T

alt

Eft 3l41971 TeliM

-67T9T alEfiTieT

EPT alkzP49- esqlto subdue

to subject to subjugate to tread (oppress, subdue) to conquer to master to rest (depend on) to come under to depend to surrender (submit after defeat) to ome under to submit (make submission to) to subordinate to go into to read (study) to stoak (observe, assess) to cover (deal with) to study (examiiie carefully) to study z5T 701-1" eXzrzI9* ei) (1 ito discourse learnedly in writing

VT WATT-tiff aFT51-

zranitfriu E579T

7197,71-9. 7:719-91-

e194KRT EMT c7494t1 ;79-r

49^Ptirt

I all914WI1 W-11111 arifgrn TEITT zir(9T Itrt ii1rtrEFtm"

319-NzFrt v45-vrcr ET9T

teiGN

197922--

to teach to superimpose to connive to dissemble to connive to wink (at) (pretend not to see) to make allowances to blink (disregard) to usurp to arrogate to usurp to poach (trespass) to encroach to trespass to obtrude to trench on? (encroach) to trespass (encroach) to encroach to be at variance to be at odds 30
23
rjrj e 717T-to fall out to quarrel (fill out) - to ignore eilkiT - to turn a deaf ear. - to orphaneaT eT9TET Fir(9T ;ST 4115( 17179-1 Trr

41 1 cr E5T9T

Vt. ef9744 &9T

t- to sligbt (treat with disrespect) to belittle to profane to insult to set at nauert to dishonor (insult) to disregard (disdain) - tounveil - to suppose (presuppose, require) - toobviate - tooverestimate to overrate - to disclose to expose (uncover) to unveil to uncap ta, expose 31
t era

T r7N7 c91"

arr9wr c;10 eifTureP z1.11 ernzisrM Rt9T

Vt wrTr

4f9Trzr 49-r t9T

Fif9-4-rvi°1-Ttet KTI9T

elfiTizr Q1-1I grifals'e Rft 1:IfTlaTITErfr ;Fr eilcokti 'EFTfl- elTe cfri i -11to expose to hesitate to hesitate to stall (of plane) to stall (of plane) to cut loose to let oneself go to riot to necessitate to conscript to bind (be obligatory) to croak to follow (imitate) to imitate to pattern to simulate (look like) to copy (imitate) to mimic to harmonize (adjust) to specialize to suit to match -25- to specialize to adapt (accomodate) ti

Til"to adjust (mbiLate)

to tune (adopt) to reconcile (make content) tc plaoate to gear to tailor to propitiate to accomodate (attemper) zFr .49T Te)

R9* ziT9T

4TgoVTiT

eTTOzg 49T 9fr *1.-1- to reduce(adapt) to orient to orientate - to shape (adapt) to attune to adapt - to conform to orient - to disagree

Gilr)%AIi- to comeround

alTO hit9T - topertain to fulfill to lend oneself (itself) to to tune (be in harmony) 3 3 ei'V Q11

811579

E-15391T

71779T

E5T 9I91 7,79T26

to correspond to comport to consort to answer (agree) to be suitable (agree) to meet (satisfy) to suit to suit (agree with, of climate, food) to index to make an index to irritate to follow (go after) to run (follow) E5t

1firza"9-1to obligate

titelp EFT91-

ETIT(9.4xyr-Tr 079T

EFT 67T csIii

ciTro. uiri

7679Tto oblige (accomodate)

to oblige to deign to ingratiate (oneself with) to adhere (give alliegiance) to 3xploit to trade on to presume on 34
EIVTI %36 1..(')9T eirmu

1WI4;51-9r

euftd-aneT 0:)01

EiVird 71W7Tto traffic on

to trespass on - to trespass on - tosolicit (accost) - to misbehave - to disapprove to deprecate.27- arTriu fcrw9-r. tointrude (insert) auffei vorr

¶1F t9T- tointrude (insert)

arr41 tT # 5?-74 51 01I- to throwonets weight about l

9; "TKFT

GF-sfvfo

z179T

617T iciit9T

arirr

ETT .491-

urecut t1T9T

Cieltrf Q11

I

61* t9T- to

intrude (insert) to obtrude - to transfer (printing) - tolicense - to flunk - to flunk(in exam) - to fail (in exam) - to instruct afTizi waT "Iito 414iFiff oQ(1-11 * fq Oil qtkroa"

CiWq 411-11

3Tifk:Rm Q1-11

erofe-Ta. 0-1 1 t alTqfplu 011

ITLT-Vrff7ITIT

1 I ci

9E11iTizTrir

* Ki79T ci

°diI

EFttiV 1 1tr17 410 I-28-

- to beseech to intercede - to sue (entreat) to urge (entreat) to supAicate to entreat to implore - to indispose - to misbecom - to indispose - to freeze (assets) - to miss (omit) - to absent (absent oneself from) - to absent (absent oneself from) - to rue - to prorate - to proportion - to prorate - tolight (animate) 36
-.29 to stir (animate) to invigorate to inspire to impregnate (imbue) to inflame to quicken (animate) to vivify (enliven) to inspire to reanimate to enliven to penetrate (permeate) to animate to imbue

Flu PI 471-9T

. to infuse to breathe (confidence etc.) ql*.1EMT

6T-ITAtiq

T(519T

er144 .65 T 7triT

EFT9T- to stipulate

- to indenture - to annex (attach) to colligate - to prompt (an actor, e.g.) - to meet with to enjoy, experience to discover, realize to live (throug0 to live (experience) to undergo

71" E:71-74 ;579T

E5T5n--tzr.79T

VOT e1ef7ff

7:579T

r@ct elT1i7 ii-30 to taste (experience) to find (learn) to feel (experience) to go through to see (experj.ence) to pass (undergo) to perceive to sense to reciprocate to experience ' to sample (experience) to apportion to admeasure to realize to bless to hallow to consecrate to grant to let to allow to permit

Tr. F11911 * 11

to hhink (surmise)

31T179. W(91-

to think (surmise) to surmise 747
cm 11 I divil MT --11

19-15f zqiT

z5-t erfruto E579-r-31- to construe (infer) to divine (guess) to take (infer, conclude) to guesa to imagine to induce (infer) to infer - to guess to theorize (speculate) to surmise to estimate to conjecture - to spot (guess) to foresee to measure (appraise) - to subscribe (support) to countenance to confirm (ratify) to approbate to uphold (confirm, maintain) to favor to withhold to second (support) - to approve to applaud (approve) to accept (approve) to sanction - to follow (alhere) . 38

3Tqff cooi

eiTTEX VriT ft ergBiff ejTT EFT9T eqtfqff F179-1

611#61 WI9T

eVE1 ccrir jcj' q9-rt9T atlefir 0179T
afTrafq 41111-32 to enamour to love to fall ilk. love to tally (agree) to accord to correspond to measure up to to dovetail to coincide to conform to trace ( on transparent paper) to trace (or transparent paper) to submit (urge) to appeal (law) to urge (advocate) to press (insist) to request to urge(itportune) to solicit (importune) to sterilize bo suspend (from office) to duplicate to mimeograph 40
-33- - to translate(render) to turn (translate) to translate - to turn into - to translate - to discipline to chasten to school (discipline) -to pursue study - to retouch - to monitor - to minister (officiate) to celebrate to officiate (religo) to perform (enact) to pontificate .- to research - to calibrate (correct) - to validate(ratify) - to follow (adhere) to tread in somebody-is steps to remain faithful (adhere) .41 eirT7 ETTWZaT 4i79T ciqti

5-117 zycir

eq(n7ff-57"-1 qluTT f9Er rio Forir

Orm() * Gum

qiT qgfiriff

E4791.

WI e19-47H c"iitffT

WiT7T eF;feTT CTP-1979T crt eF-441.44

MN clw:f*Tzf E.-79T

Riffto live up to

to react (answer) to pursue (follow up) to toe the line to practice to obey to observe to go by to react(answer) to conform to toe the line . to proportion to model to schedule to orient to take amiss to take amiss to injure (wrong) to wrong to interdepend to be interdependent

EPT eTtfrazi Vt. viTiT

aPIErrn FITIT

EitiErfar 'Ft Wi9T

altneT EMT-35- - to construe (gram.) - to govern (gram.) - to explore to quest to seek (inquire after) - to degenerate (biolo) - to exact - to wrong (injure) to haxm - to disintegrate (by exposure) - to decompose (tr.) - to decompose (intr.) - to deprive to depose to unmake to dethrone

Erif-T5171 Vcrts'e EFT

97- to make oneself understood

e1zi9T

49-r. to appropriate

44111I

- to take to(became accustomed) to take up (adapt) 4 43
eirr41. eircPtsi 679-r eitiff 7Tff qTclkci t9T

ThErf di0aItieelIII

arci-411- 6117 Not ku critrf tq-r qfcitto espouse to appropriate to adopt to strike (assume) to assume (put on) to derogate (degenerate) to eat one's words to go one's own way to talk over (a person) to volunteer (make voltuitary offer of one's services) cjq att szfrrianTitSitC5T9Tto thrust in or forward

61tft errq

uriW Wt9-1- atcA* 6171 c7E9T eitri4 Ito urt51:4 VART7T altft TtE frizif "ffq aril I eirFEEziri9T -65Tto soliloquize to volunteer (offer voluntarily) to efface oneself to blow one's own horn to degenerate to insult to libel to offend to slight (treat with disrespect) 44
d1491 Frid 7019T

EcF *57 140E1 poli

(um) ,<0-10-t1c`otl-11 51-ff

EN( Fti 'TOT

aTLR1t1 T4tvirt Tinc7r 'TT ercrMi c5,1 f

4 1 4 n 1 f 1 dR

I l I girgnaT virt9T arcizile`rei719-1-37- to violate (treat with disrespect) to tread underfoot' - to dishonor (insult) to disgrace to mortify to affront - to suborn - to suborn - to transgress (sin) to sin to offend to trespass against (sin) - to plead guilty - to arraign (accuse) - to incriminate (accuse) to condemn (convict) - to suspect (somebody) - to entail (law) - to underfeed - to underfeed - to understock . 45
aitgirrff to fail

011-1611-1 VT9T

to evade illegally Tqc1i

VT9-1-- to divert

to shunt (divert) eiWita"

BFT9T- toalienate (property)

atLiciu - todiscolor

J'Iticl 15 EFT9T

to vilify (slander) el 44 &'uT z579T to repel (ward off) vict qtirci=1ITto desecrate to violate (profane) to foul to profane to defile to pollute ett1ici,1 tH1l. to foul

EFT zirraTT4 roTiT

to waste (squander) to squander to dissipate to misspend 8P-M

1FOe00to diverge

aPiti roiito diverge 46

E5T f4uj TM'

'aFt GFICTETT EsiT91

Vt. ail* ziTT9T

Vt 411(1 ii5T 49T

Ertfre

E;79-r

orciat% *11 eiclt *rti) oci Ii5T9Tto ravish (carry away) to deprive to rape (sexual crime) to abduct to cripple to scotch (maim) to maim to appeal (call) to appeal (law) to fall short to strike home - kilprVirt Eritootcr

7r1T19rto work wonders

eittri"

EYTTIto suppose (presuppose/ require)

to infer to necessitate to imply to involve (require) to expect (look for as due)

FA" 8471

I&tillto require (need)

to demand ercrr

WITto exact (require)

to presuppose (require) arAftrff -4* fr,w effirinff

FiTtzfrd-Nyi 7( 49T

;;.R9-r # 49ti -4 011 k341-1 TII7T cl 413.fiffr

Fie EMT

;it q-F54 clam I afto 011 g[4:11* 379T eTtil

IQOilto take (require)

to want - to require (need) - to want (require) - to disestablish - to deplume to deconsecrate to disparage to demean (lower) - toresent c. disoblige to displease to dissatisfy to indispose to offend to give umbrage - to frown at - tojar to grate the teeth - to surfeit - to rumor - to take (get) wind t 44) ute 7191" cl)

4>I I//-aio

eprr i aiTg z5T9T

GP-11-4 4

pitiziTiT

Byr apm

cirr a11i39 4 TiTiT

Ei1i9z4 'EtiT- to regret

(mourn for) to misbehave - to miss (lack) - to miss (lack) - to fail to lack (shortage) to need to want (lack) - to ennoble - to know (understand) - to identify - to intimidate - to expose (display) - to literalize - to feast to compliment to acclaim (applaud) - to counterfeit - to stage 49

3i1i794 BriT7T

ciffisM B;79T

077.ff TiliarffT

eifilTre .a5T9T fcr i5-t--91*

Elf4TTf6111

q)(11to put over (convey) to put on to assume (feign) to act (on the stage) to pretend to be to portray to impersonate to feign (pretend) to play (drama) to affect (feign) to perform (enact) to stimulate to stage to sham to represent (act) to profess (pretend) to produce (stage) to pretend to present to put up to enact to execute to proscribe (outlaw) to identify to ratify to validate to implement (fulfill) to attest (certify) effir TNT WT9T virt arfil:Nff EFT9T ;FT 3iiE9IJ vircit E:rt '41 att.firl-43- - to intend (mean) - to plan (purpose) - to prevail (triumph) - to vanquish to overwhelm to stun (overwhelm) to obsess to smother to overpower to override (oppress) to overcome to kill (overwhelm) to deluge to swamp - to drown (overwhelm) to overrule (prevail over) - to break down - to succumb (be overcome by) to surrender (yield to emotion, habit, etc.) - to hallow, consecrate (bless) - to have swelled head - to converge 51

711). 417

effITI olli tit gril-17#71 WcTi9T trt

041-Hi

eitio wIci)- to face to converge to orient - to process (prosecute) - to incriminate to indict to libel to impeach to charge to arraign(accuse) to accuse (law) - to desire to aspire to crave to thirst for/after

Fifktu ef-Rxiwo-r

. to superscrfbe VT9T erprettri iTt9T kTP-7T4i 'EMT z7t9T- to transcribe(record) to tape to take on a tape to record (make a recording) - to obliterate - to Dlead - to salute(military) to hail (welcome) . 52
eit1rarizi7 7T9T - to state to expose (reveal) to phrase to give Arent to eff-Tu-c-ff -015T97 - to criminate(condemn) to incriminate ci1ivr4 zliTTT- to reverse(annul) to vacate (annul) to annul eirrifTWf

FiTT9Tto crown

to ordain (a priest) kTiem

F,TT9Tto proof

Vt. diC:

74 Tv-71-I

uFzitroT FFT9T errzi G79-r arc:417r c-579-1- eft-71T-1- to annoint - to assign (law) - to surrender (hand over) - to familiarize to habituate to inure - to be used to to be accustomed to

EFF 7:ziTU TIT 49T

to season (inure) EFT etz44gkiE8T afrziTe 1.-1

Firrt ENT 49T46

to exercise to train (in athletics, etc.) to limber to practice (train) to exercise to exercise to train (in athletics etc.) to rehearse (train) to perpetuate

MT 41111

- to immortalize to eternalize 49T7q

4;11 E7JT9Tto eternalize

bili

I -RI T cU9Tto deposit (for safekeeping)

41T r9t1Zi q91 49T

to dehumanize d19

I refE5T9Tto invalidate

to vitiate (invalidate) dill I -el

VT 49T

k9774 601111to void (annul) to invalidate

1/4:4I

14 1 "411 4 .670 zirrrwr9-rto contest

atroq01-11to carry into effect to implement 54
c7T agfeiTif 1-4T7T 9T -47- to execute (give effect to) -to misrepresent to misstate '67i men-et

7-1u coo- to belie(misrepresent)

to traduce (misrepresent) to falsify mt-714 eotill.to incapacitatedisqualify) to disqualify

GM-N. .3-74-1 767(9T

Tt--tr9 E7

riciq- to displease to pall to set one's teeth on edge - todisincline - to pall - to extract (a liquid) (to tap as a tree, keg?) - to unbar - to bar - to gain(earn) to acquire to merit to cover (oneself with) .55

Ficoloi

aief zra7Ti aleWIT Mr 041i

Wr.e.;141-09T

zreAt 49Tto decipher to understand (assume, infer) to read (interpret) to translate to purport to represent(denote) to signify to iiport to denote to mean (signify) to read (interpret) to translate to take (interpret) to understand (interpret) to allegorize to construe (interpret) to intend (mean) to interpret to imply to infer to stand for (signify) to spell (signify) to signify (mean) to mean to fine eitf tifrid -65T9-r . tomodify (gram0) to qualify (gram.) S6 -49- - to distort, to misrepresent - to cede to yield (give up, surrender) - to proffer to render (surrender) to devote to surrender (hand over) to consecrate to lay down to give up -to give to part with to sacrifice (offer up) to offer to tender (offer) to resign give up) to represent (present again) to bestow - to emblazon to emboss to engrave to encrust to enrich to bedeck to decorate to deck to ornament to pink to embellish

ERFAIT c19-1 -I 1

BF?'

107fiito garnish

to intersperse to.tar to unyoke (disconnect) to educe to divide to insulate to intend (destine) to isolate to llbegate to immure to part to disengage to differentiate to discard to dispense with to disjoin to exclude to sunder to disconnect to discriminate to mark off to muster out to draught to dissociate to detach to disunite to unjoint to tear from to uncouple50 'RN3Tc,51" E7t.

0071. EFT 4iT-51-

to tell (distinguish) to secern to segregate to sequcster to st11)arate to sever (separate) to set aside, apart to shelve (cease to employ) to shed (diffuse) to split (disunite) to tell off to scrap - to allocate to earmark (assign) to reserve (set atiart for) -to eliminate to divorce to Individuate to weanibom to draft

2o design

to disjoint to cut (diminish) to come between eTUff ol. to vary(be different) - to part to be split up (become disunited) to sheer off .SS

61-07T tri t3TriT

rok erFr terP)T-09Tto separate to segregate to scratch (withdraw) to retire to divide to disunite to disengage to dissociate to branch off to break away to break with to draw back to drop out to sunder to disjoin to dissever . to tail off (straggle) to stray to straggle - to designate - to appropriate (steal) to set aside to seclude to set apart - to keep away to abstain to 'keep aloof to be shy of

6 0.52-

aWTacc7r trr alUq91" ararnTto stand off to stand aloaf to forbear - to specify to particularize to individualize to itemize (of programs) - to seclude to isolate - to idle to lounge - to snooze (idle) to idle

ETOTIFT

- to chantmonotonously

610-:041

VT 49T- tominimize

eRTUff. (771- -to differentiate (math.) # clicK7W

90-riq979T- toretire (from service)

ei-4554-to charter (ship) elqt-01 EFT9F -to precipitate (chem.) -95T9T - toinform to acquaiLt riTC9T arTiiT 11719T ell-401k

4i1c1(u I

VT9T

3rq117137 0179T

erlfgT471-9T octici WM"-54- - to veil (cover with veil) to enwrap to envelop to cover up .- to depreciate to disparage to disdain (disregard) to disfavor to contemn to defy to disobey to slight (treat with disrespect) to despise (spurn) to sniff at to sneer to ignore to flout to disdain - to incarnate (figo) -to decelerate -to determine (law) - to renew (through extension) - to renew (through extension) - to abase (degrade) to depress 679-1
qi 1 1

GR7-17 7,7T9T

1-1q 1T e9T-55-

to lapse to regress to decay (fall) to deteriorate (decline) to deteriorate to wane (decrease in importance) to decline (sink) to seed (fig.) (to go to seed) aglirv ;;79rr to coerce ag)ro cd(-H to abet 2179T
- to charge a jury agqk9Tto damp (dull) z5-TiT

4cicrcito dbase

to snub (wither) to humiliate (snub) to relieva to depreciate (decry) to undervalue aRT7-4

A111to clog

8114774 .679-1-

to intercept to impound(water) 63

FAM FITTTr.

4c 7tg9. g7iT

cgct

OTT7,79T

GRA .9-r-56- to nip to occlude to block (obstruct) to straAgle to clog - to hinder (interrupt) to intercept to jam (crowd) to veto (block) to beseige to blockade to block (obstruct) - to freeze (assets) - to descend (astron.) - to support (help, give strength to)

1:11. 4c1clafTd7TIT

- to lean FiT1 arTatea" *gt- to repose (depend) to interdepend to scan texamine) - to look (contenplate) to behold to observe (watch) to view (watch a television) to take stock (observe, assess) .64 57
'aTt

7,51- TeNT g.9Tto sight

to notice (observe) to see - to court to permit

QieR101c11 Vt9T

- to be a time server exut-q-rfTTfER-zinT to temporize (coaform to circum- stances) elgf---2,Thi '0%9T

4) cAk)wil

EFt 871-qTa3 EFT- to locate

- to disdain to disregard (override) to tread umlerfoot to disdain (disregard) - to dumbfound /*7r-fiCirrqqFe:E579"Tto challenge vit e11cf-KRTrr- to disbelieve to mistrust to doubt to mistrust (suspect) to discredit (*MU

Lii&9T- to traffic illegally

siltq75 co 0 I- to ban .65 to proscribe (outlaw) to suppress (ban) to outlaw c.,-Tezfqf

1i7Tc1T9Tto sprawl (of plant)

ar-aiqfm EFT9-1- aralTitTa EFT .49T- to dislocate to clutter to derange to disturb (unsettle) - to disarray to disorganize to disestablish to disjoint to mess .44V7179T-to enfeeble GIVW.

491"-to impoverish

to paralyze to maim to exhaust (sap) to devitalize to eviscerate to tire out (exhaust) to weaken (break) to disable swiucHl 491- to maim (disable) to cripple qrctci %siT9Tto weaken (break) zurW -65777 ered- EFT -4ffi--59- - to discomfort to upset (disturb the calm of) to unsettle - to perturb to trouble (fluster, disturb, excite) to discompose to disquiet Cl*

111-to toss (be agitated)

to trouble (be disturl-ed)

N4311771 eo(li

3i2f ei44 ilacmui ;MT

8144 3TC071

344 -011-7

40 quill i5T9-1

trrIFT qfp tc1T fcRTIT

GIP T17 EMT- to

mistranslate - to gloss over to misconstrue - to mispronounce - to misquote - to corrupt - to miscalculate to miiCount - to misprint - to misdirect (a. letter) - to misuse 67
arg qt-ti eir

81-0fRiff EMT

;74) 'CT(' 49T mri-ip aRkraci t9-r

314g Foci 07 1.9T

81k:fa-ter

"e5-t9T arc'ci

5ge eirCiT

8114atsr tr-OTTI

6111.44

VT9T erik EFT 49-r aTKR-4) 49.T. afffff 71Tro'Tff B79-r kikil4 (111160 vo misspell -to misbecome - to petrify - to fossilize -to fossilize - to disestablish - to null:balance - to dissatisfy to displease - to kick (with two hind legs) - todisaffect - to disaffiliate - to preclude - to desensitize - todisprove - to dissimilate - to dissimilate giVt-t)

TE9T-61-

- tofizzle out (e-fu4).kio-r)aTucb-75werrto overreach oneself eML1) Qi1 1

31-E9FI

afT9T

4014 41 qT7T

t3MITer

EFT k9T

rrrci.ii t9T t-A.1,49c1 11 .(1.1-rd 'Fe TT9-r trt. 81TR 5101T

Ai& ctikl- to fallthrough

to fail to miss (fail to) to fall short - to mistime - to surprise (come upon vnawares) - toincapacitate - to becomeinvalided - to dissent - to disagree to discourage to throw cold water on - to work on, upon - to influence(affect) to act on to touch (impress, effect) to work (of medicine) (take effect) to strike (attract attention) to weigh (have importance) to tell (to be effective -to operate (talc:: effect)

Wei fcf

fq(cfg)1

81,0040

eiRtm116;;79T

GRITR tfli" -49T

81111-7 Ef9T9T

aiTc17T4T9T (MT "etAill-62- to react - to debunk - to takeissue to disagree to differ - to throw cold water on - to bereave to maroon to strand (leave helpless) - to decivilize to barbarize - to condemn - to be careless - to inconvenience - to prime (cover with a first coat of paint) - to unline - to line - to wad (line, cotton) - to set(of sun etc.) 7T9T

NT-1.---a17-t-1Tt1.9T-63-

- to perturb to ruffle (a person) to unsettle (disturb) to upset (put out of order) - to shuffle (confuse) to turn upside down to rumple to tumble (rumple) cloth to discompose td.disorder (disturb) to demoralize (confuse) to muddle (jumble) to disarrange to dishevel to clutter to confound (confuse) to derange to confuse to jumble iftMq-to exist arr-OTcr

Pie.'-11- toannihilate

- to arm

Fft erwr4ñ titt

z57-11-. tolay off (emplc,yees) eiftRIT - tounsettle (disturb) el19-7 e9T - tofluctuate to whiffle (of thoughts, wander) I.

7q.-1 1

z:31" E11.76-6 i rtcrT B;c9T

GII176 Tft "*9T-64-

to wobble (to be unsteady) - to hospitalize - to slur (pronounce) - to smear (blur) to blur to becloud (obscure) to obscure eiV4I'd gill to darken e11 11 I - todarken eiTtITZ109T- toslur (write) arEER-QTER9T -to iadispose eTTE1aFF17 z79i - to upset (make ill) - to abnegate (deny) to decline (refuse) to contradict (deny) to repudiate (deny) to refuse (repulse) to disclaim to reject to repudiate (refuse to adknowledge) to repel (refuse) to veto (reject) to disavow eilErft7 BYT 49T

GrEctregi 3F1(9T

cilTri7+7 "d79-1 eiDEU Vt91- afliaT 7 art

5N1-1165

to disallow to dismiss (law) to disown to controvert to disapprove to protkst to throw out (reject) to jilt to leave (reject) to ignore to negate (deny) to reject to transverse (law) (deny). to turn away to turn down to overrule to refuse to disarm to harm to judge (estimate) to measure (appraise) to gauge to value to estimate to scale (estimate) to underestimate to sweep (pass eyes quickly along) e vfI0 41101

1.0 5T9

.

110 qW171iT BI11I-u11-11

tVIT fciN Eg9T diifr iin qlfriT-66- - to wink at - to wink at - to ogle -to sneak - to swallow (accept credulously) - tocherish (hold dear) E;1 - to throw dustinto the eyes of '1'

I.tc121?rt) 191-1 I

- to stare - to blink - to connivetrt erg* ;19T c.)11 an.4

F91c4.-ri

ITTFT ctcriT :ii1 e11-11- to twinkle (blink one's eyes) to wink to blink - to goggle to stare - to goggle - to goggle - to gloat arfe ke67 to hoodwink (blinfold) to pull the wool over somebody's eyes to hoodwink (blindfold) to blindfold to hoodwirk Tre i. tostrain (one's eyes) Tfel.

WF& kiT. totrip (cause to stumble)

tri refeold.11to gut to eviscerate to embowel to disembowel to viscerate

Erikt09.

179Tto agitate for a cause

to campaign ciTT tit9T to advocate to exhort (advocate) to disturb (agitate) to churn to seethe (be agitated) to work up (be agitated) to weep to overtake 68
eff

779T- tooffer(ocaur)

to supervene to turn up (arrive) "ft157

611- qT9T- to come round

eT - to supervene to spring up (appear suddenly) afT qiicerfto burst upon afT 41.1 (*EtTr tr) tre45T

6777T zIU

di doLlliTIT

Z71Vitarii

1Ti11-

e1Tf1tff Fiq9"1- to overtake to come upon (afflict) to visit (of disease, affect) - to burst into (bounce) to betide to befall to burst in to pop (move suddenly) - to spring (appear suddenly) - to immigRate - to sugar coat - to gild - to lure to win (attract) to appeal 69
to arrest (catch) to attract to catch (attract) to charm to draw (attract) to engage (attract) to tempt (attract) to fetch (attract) arRiftTiTtutT9T -to warm (becomesympathetic) to take to * 517 aPrittff 011 r.to cotton to

0100reiff

uiito gravitate

Wi di I ciV9` TOT

-to estimate to credit to underestimate di 1 cb1 71-1- EMT - toaspire

CiFirrt "651"

15 I vi IVI-to size up

t 4i

I &'49T-to shape

i47 W&-9T - toflex (muscles) to flex qT5ff - totransform (intr.) errfrkT

49-r.to transform (tro)

afTer,Z> ;TIT tit Kfir I 51,-11JI(1 Ito hold (a post) to invite to attract to absorb (take up) to take up (attention) to rivet (hold) to invade to mob to go at to wale into to run at to strike (attack) to aggress to assault to attack to go over the top to set on to make for to infest to walk into to attempt (a fortress)

LI I ci1IV91) IBITT9Tto ambush

%ill

WC9Tto seize (attack) (of discase)

to smite (affect) tu visit (of disease affect) d11,14ff e9-1to suffer from to labor under 78
4I errtrq

E;.R*9T-71--

- to (J5tack (fig. ) to arraign (call in question) to tilt - to geld - to take fire - to fire to inflame

8 1 1 7 Rtt) I I I

-to stoke Cirr c4jt LIT9T- to fume to see.red to throw a fit

67711.wr

ollito storm (show violent anger) B719T -to shuffle (vacillate) to shilly-shally to seesaw (vadillate) to dilly-dally to stagger (waver) to vacillate to wobble (vacillate) to whiffle (vacillate) to teeter (waver) to waver (be irresolute) to swing to pendulate (fig. ) to oscillate (vacillate) . 79
alTit Grit cA1 I

Tit TO9T

q-rt 16-11 arrl- urr9T dri;1

Rex) viT9T

6111 34q91"

1 t) di I:I q4. Tfr9Tto fluctuate (waver) to hang (hesitate)to halt (waver) to hedgeto hesitate to hover (waver)to falter - to advance (a watch) - to add (state further) - to go on - to precede - to lead.(ofa guide) - to pass to outdistance to overtake to shoot ahead - to relay (send on) - to lead on to bring forward (in accounts) to carry forward (comm. ) - to have a lead of - to pass (overstep)to outstrip 80
3IT z-ip 4111to outrun (fig.) to exceed - to press (go forward) to push

9' 414;9T- tonip

en

41I-73-

- to prance to shuffle (practice deceit) to shove to make one's way to come forward to better (outdo) to advance to twist (meander) to transcend (exceed) to trench (proceed) to btruggle (make onets way) to roll (advance) to push on to wheel (a vehicle etc.) to pursue (go on) to inch to get on to go alang to gain (progress) to go on to plough, plow to nose to' pass to surpass (outdo) arril wr9Tto wait (postpone) to progress to pull (move away) to hustle to travel (move) to proceed to move to facilitate to expedite to promote to second (further) to postpone (defer) to transmit (hand on) to thrust (extend) to advance (promote) to continue to carry forward (comm.) to carry over to adjourn (defer) to take up (pursue) to run out to push (promote) to put off to put over (postpone) to wheel (a vehicle) to pursue (follow up) to push (thrust out) to push to propel (fig.) to prosecute (law) to promote (further)74 BMT 75
to procrastinate to imogress to advance (a watch) to pass on to pass (move) to impel (propel) to hold out to hustle - to waive (refrain from insisting upon) fk arm z1579T. to stand on/upon to urge (advocate) ar17*MT

6119Q EFT9T

trc errErra co dllt410 7771-- to urge (importune) to woo (importune) - to appeal to exact to press (insist) to persist to importune to insist - to offend to trample - to strike to hit

OILITO 11111

. to scandalizeshock) . 83
-76-- to practice ,to deport to demean oneself to conduct oneself to comport to carry (behave) to bear (behave) to play (act)

Erl T'q61T-Evi Rrz:179T. to drape

iFt to cover to blanket to wrar (cover) to veil (cover with veil) to surmount (cover) to overcloud to overlay to mask to mantle to invest (cover) to shadow to shade to sheet (cover) to sheathe to test to try (test) to try it on to resist vigorously to show stubborn opposition I 84
czell enw

RiTVTIT

611M- 91111

E'irt9Tto tell (direct: order)

to disobey to submit (make submission to) to obey to cover to shade di

1c,19Tto shelter

to screen (protect) afTi 411-11 to take cover rri

Fictoi. to break cover

6175T- zip* .e9T

to traverse (lie across)

41V1 V191

to cross err4 WNW tiT to vituperate (scold) to stick up en* 4-01717

61 Tr1iff cliVIT.

to terrorize to overawe to terrify car9WPT WT9T to deny oneself . to spread oneself I

09*T"`TITTTr

ETTT1- WITErtrT V19T

eTT71:KT7 I-78- to blow one's own trumpet to surrender (submit aiter defeat) to yield (make submission to ) to submit (surrender) to throw in one's hand to capitulate to cede to abandon oneself to to imbibe to summarize (digest) to absorb (assimilate) to apperceive to suck (imbibe) to soak (assimilate) to wean from (habit) to dishabituate to disaccustom to habituate to dispose

41qo (4"MT

- to practice(virtue) ciTTff t

WT91-to take to (become accustomed)

aft 41co ell - to use(be wont, accustomed) . 86
"1"

Tiq.B5T7T

011-TT 19T

6flwr UtifelU Eg9T

di 15 i

7(9T79

- to respect to revere to reverence to venerate to honor to look up to to regard to take off onels hat to to value (highly) - to hnnor - to set anexample - toreciprocate (interchange) to exchange

Firr arTqf 7E0

BITT9T- to personify

51174.fti

.5R:q1&rrto idealize qi "PT - to idealize

71-ren1i1- toprefigure

to typify (be the prototype of) eTT-4`t .671111- to take to(become addicted) zirr. 6174't 011111 - to familiarize - tobid to rule (settle by decree ) to require (order)

41 4 E5T 4101 ;MT

GITEITCTftff

Vt91-

TNT MT

Mg-T

41117 9T

qq-1 mem cirlilt anviTT own arltiTt q cm at VI' cpQ1

47 Gm:4T 0 1 1

4111.11tu EMTto will (ordain, decree)

to -orescribe to order (command) to ordain to instruct to tell to enjoin to direct to dictate to decree to command to charge to toe the line to initial to halve (reduce) to halve (share) to warrant (justify) to base to underpin to premise to underlie to rest (on) to ground Ss

TrErrftu 011

tit eirtiTrm 011to base to found - to rest (on) - to repose(depend) to hang on tit arr111T-zi 7(cl-I I to predominate ar-r-r iii rcieo caT '49T- tosupernaturalize eir:Wroico TiT 411 tospiritualize err* icii 11("1 Ito exhilarate Gil*

71ff EMT- to enjoy

arrik

91111torejoiceto be jubilant

to make merry to enjoy oneSelf e- toindulge into treat oneself to - to ravish(ennapture)to transportto enrapture an-9**RO

Ei3T9Tto exhilarateto up lift (cheer)

to beautify to brighten to cheer to delight to (bring) joy to warm to jollity to feast (d.elight) eriffIrl ;57 '49T- to exalt afT9Ikff (T(; ufl)err9Tto (bring) joy to delight to rejoice to jubilate (be jubilant) to turn out (appear) to come to arrive to show up to hail from to step to run (come and go, as of thoughts) to come to fall under to move to haunt to run (come wad ge9 as of thoughts etce) to run (fly) to run wild 3082
1-09T Tk 1 TIT

TI1.ff1ci,1T

"kro9T-83- to ply - to receive (admit)to let in - to remonstrate (protest) to take exception to declaim to demur to except to argue to obj ectto balk to boggle (demur)to question to obj ectto call in question to challengeto aliraign (all in question) - to intermix to intermingle an-afe EFTTi - to supply(provide) tir ei 41t11- to serve (Meet the needs of)tO service - to recover oneselfto recollectto collect oneself lie( e to bow one' s top - to suffuse to submerge (inundate) - to settle (colonize) to people - to acknowledge (thank)-84- eilliTT 91111 to appreciate (recognize grate- fully) eriliTt). 41111

MI-rift Q111

eTTIFEV 49T am-rv from- arpa rtsi ci qitri di I A-I rjI-to oblige (make indebted.) to obligate - to owe - to augur (forebode) - to purport (claim) - to invest (array) - to invite - to envisage - to contrast - to revolutionize - to revel 9Z 85
zi7 iiT 9-7(aTto rollick to be wanton to disport to frolic - to bring (import) to import - to organize (a function) to convene - toconvoke to organize (a function) - tooriginate to set in to begin -to launch - tobegin to originate to take up (embark upon) to introduce to start (begin) to sbt to to take to (begin) to float (dtart) to enter

BiTT-ITT7 4) 01 Vt9T

- to span(extend across) erTT FT] cl E57-1 -to reserve (a place, a room, etce) 93
arrcriTra. EFTT ii

FITT-tITT

FT7119T Go

A1li9 2179-1

4104 491'

MT:1# 7114t A?q"09T

C09 # Oil I

81109 t &,11

arrtttr6;') 'EFT arrOTT cm

1 -1-1

tfl qT7t7to reserve (a place etc.) to secure to traverse to worship (adore) to adore zo repose (take rest) to rest to roost to relieve to rest to help to tool along to loll to lounge to nuzzle (snuggle) to allege to accuse to calumnate to lay (impute) to impute to impeach 94
eritttT FuTr arrttcrt 'FR

E5T aritttluT ;MT

(7) errtlf-ca arlitfriff '17T9T arrolit 1 alT074 if -4r1.49.

FITT9T

6rTro

Locoo- to accuse

- to arraign (law) - to ascribe to attribute - to attribute to ascribe - to transplant to engraft to impute to impose to put on to graft - to idle - to drone - to sing (yodel) to to to to to to tohug entwine enlace enfold embosom embrace clasp - to imaicate a4it11ff 0179 di

161 Rini VriT

arrot-r-F e-9T cz-refF vt9-r eficien 3-1119T arr4737 T4T9T (ci &-i) M71" qe.111 tclitT t *Nil eirleff-88- - to plot (math.) - to beacon to light - to judge (criticize) - to score (criticize severely) - to tilt - to slate (criticize or censure severely) to slash - to churn - to toss (throw about) to churn to convulse - to divest - to encase - to cloak - to strip (denude) - to drape ,-to _revolve (recur) to rotate S6 aliqqreTir zrrafqt zro-o-r fek afTWWii ailciqqe7 011

4i 41cRquaT 011to magnify (phy.)

to magnify (phy.) to entail (involve) to involve to call for to want to presuppose to demand to exact to bind (be obligatory) to behoove to require to want to need dif4445,11 FirrqT4v179-1 to miss (lack)

Bff 041c1FIEW 4411

to need erTTFMT , . to suffice(satisfy) to serve (meet needs of) di1q1q ziTTffT to rattle

611a1 q g'0111 1

to muffle .to hail (call)

1c11 -441 4)-

11 ito haunt

37
7191-
to loiter to dawdle arrTIIT

Lel I- to lounge.

to loiter to tramp eiT4T7714Y4FIITiT to loaf

FfiT qT1 47WIT 35T9T

fa zi79T Pr

7.179T

arrtftsF

B71-11.

Bg9T di aFt9Tto devise to invent to contrive to discover (invent) to obsess to invest to mantle to blanket to wrap to envelop to cover up to involve to involve to apply to apprehend to dread to fear (reverence) 91S

EI5T arROFT 011

- tohave misgivings to be apprehensive-91- arrtin veiVIT- tomisgive driv4 eftrdz. vt49T- to make oneselfunderstood arroT t11Livno. todisappoikt eTRIT W(9T - tohope to expect to look to to trust

WTI "CM 49T

- togive up - to promise

TRIT 49T

- topromise arTWM1 4). Olii - to beoptimistic trirk9T . tobless (hallow, consecrate) errtatk9T - tobless (give a blessing) tiT errazr 51 0 - towonder to marvel

81 kiA fffiff FITT9T

- tostagger (startle) to astound el-pv(4

RldFA. 49-r- totransfix

to surpise rs9 arr--(TADm e9-r arr-4-449z5 wcrkutroto marvel to stare . to work wonders

811-.m1 ;179"1"

to assure (reassure) ."9T arrm t9T zrr err14 t5.1 gT Tit* tQl1to guarantee to avouch to undertake (affirm) to secure to assure to reassure to take under one's wing to ensconce to shelter to house to hatbor to resort to to betake to recur to to shelter to refer to harbor to lean to rely on to depend to bank on to rely

100-92-

ariliqff 31579T - to enamour

11°

di NW Oilto indulge in

4.1VaM t 7779T

- to fallin loveto addict - to seat di N9. puT

31-"Rri -491'

- to sitto sdat dirql ONiii - to posture arINT=i 011 - to adjoin to impend

Itiqi FoTiT

-! to distill eraia"t9T- to ease q'TTri q9T t9T - tosmooth (crat(t. qt)

31Tirf=NT

arrwr-41r .eict

81111-T4t

erTkiTli trq-.93- to have a way with (children) - to toss off (work) - to win hands down to walk over to walk away with - to walk away with 101
di

It,1 14) # fcitto:Ti

eiTerilrd EFT9T

7 anwr

&tcp-i1

6111417i. B5791

all CtrT EFt97 GI i

Isti I1-50 olg.i1

8livi

Riff Vt9T

FriT kiiNen1 VriT. to walk aw4y to defer to suspend ( a judgement) to trust to taste to degust to sigh to sigh to wound to smite to exact to enwrap (engross mentally) to exult to summon to evoke to invoke 102
I. VtrIg 174E'
eTT *401 iq WrffT tAlssil( FoT9T

I 41 4 11111

W1 9' 175T

'&19' owl

Tik'ff (Errta45TI t3)

6101 1

i EMT

Ofeil "Vql,

V-E-1,7 'TNT- to insinuate

- to interview - to see to to see about to attend. to negotiate (settle) to arrange - to await. - to sensualize - to fuel - to fuel - to fuel to fire (a furnace) - to stock (gather) to scrape(collect) to pool to summon up to bundle - to wish to desire - to will to wish-95- %n41 17191- tosave one s face

V30111

tostrut (stalk)to swagger to prance to show off to flaunt wrir to perfume cItieo( 1011 i toflaunt

VflT1-91-

to show off to perk to flaunt w fd-cre fo-TIT vq

Niwrrr

Eel Ito

chronicle to scent (perfume) to mess aboutaround to run aboutto loiter *gLIT iti& T11-491- tododge uti-t rto WT t)11u1Itoputtertomeander to sprawl ( of troops) to beat about the bush 97--
to ramble (talk aimlessly) to maunder zErt tiPei 16"Ico( tzfr( mt9T-to vamp up zER 'ifT9T icftJ cool

Vi97717

kTi co # .-9s:717 079T vict) I t ;MT

VTR 47T

YU-4T FM- to take about

- to abnegate (deny) to deny to refuse - to disavow - to refuse - to refuse - to remunerate to requite to reward to repay to recompense - to propose to design to think to plan to meditate to haAre in mind to intend

VT MIT 'Fe 170 I

- to talk of 105
q(151 I11 ;Tr WTA* riiT9T

VkIrri VT9Tto propose

to will to contemplate to have in view to think to mean to intend to remedy to treat medically to nurse to medicate to beckon to motion to gesticulate to sign to point (show) vk1T

1 FraT.to beckon

VOTt4dT 4.11to 'motion

-Cm--Z dilig gaT-to motion

WeArffcO(11to philander

to flirt (Vq0q1) 09111 to post (stick up) -erti- 79-r to press to iron-98- t1 tTi vTA'mv er- to resign to throw up - to ply to use (put to use) to utilize t 717 (1-Ilic

1-to stick with

Eft rarti

I lcariT4R199T

.°T1-9-cref

Eng-Vta-r

ruzif EMT100 to vouch for (the honesty of) to play fair to envy to begrudge to grudge 1,0% =SNP

YifoLcr

wrTr (4.1 tr)

ADiTto finger

to infuse to effuse to decant to pour to tip (pour out) to perfuse to circumfuse to empty 189T
to squat icic1i

9Tto weary

to tire (become bored) to abet to egg on to excite to urge to set on to rattle to stir up to foment to hound to instigate to impel to rouse to prod to push to provoke 102
to engrave to sink (a die)

UYITTIT

to uproot to bare to eradicate to pluck to take down to extract to extirpate to rend to weed out to tear out to pull. out Ti9T

370-11

3,1111to grow

to germinate to pullulate (bud) to spring up to regorge to regurgitate to vomit (cast out with disgust) to fume to spew to disgorge to grow to germinate to rise (cause to grow) to rear . to levy . 110
u5aT tz111 1

31:11-19Tto raise

to realize to collect to tone (down) to bare to denude to unmuffle to rip (a roof) to uncover to disclose to unmuffle to expose to lay open to strip to uncover to uncloak UqZ9T to glance (slip) to tire (become bored)

NOii ftrrff Fi.79Tto vindicate

uf-Trd -eTr 1179-r. to tone(color) ufffu frrff

9-EY fa-1179-rto misconceiye

Trqff fifffigY07;11"to misconceive U wc1 41. toformalize

31-41 UrF6-9-1

uf--4ff vantrriT uf--4ff f(54 wri-r

3-11ff vt-qTto see fit

to come into one's own to justify to legitimize to vindicate to warrant to suit to beseem to befit to behoove to become to pertain to maximize to sharp (music) to enunciate to utter to vocalize

T-0Trfra POO I

tOpronounce to sound (utter)

766,F0 KR-51-

ure4

El'79Tto subvert

to romp to skip to gambol 112

1/4{E20-11

V.121011to hop

to frolic to be wanton - to leap to spring (uplImrd) to rebound (upithards) to jump to hop to dap (pourme) to bounce to buck to bump to bound - to splatter to splash to toss (throw up) to heave to flip (toss) to dap to dawdle to dance to bounce-105-

Oc 4111

- to start(make a sudden moment) (from a chair) - to dance - to waste (let deteriorate)3W--dT 7*-11

TAO k9T

113
- to lay waste (ravage) to ravage to scocch to devastate to desolate to harry to forage to overrun i%rviciv E:79T - toirradiate iv1c10 E;7( fl-to kindle - to Kindle

TaTI #9T-106-

- to spring up (come into being, arise) to stand to arise - to lift (rise) to get up to spring up (arise, come into beinE to arise to turn out to rise to work (of yeast) to ferment to uprear to come up to rise (adjourn) to rise (become rigid) 114
( (\3d-11-Thl9T - to tumble 33

4611to sit up

- towind. (hoist) to uprear to purchase to upraise to raise to lift to upturn to catch up to take up to run up to turn up to heave to have to hoist to lift to incur to rouse to wake to put up to weigh (an anchor) to scoop to elevate to broach to run (incur) to peak (raise) to perk to stick up to tip (raise) .115-107- -108- w to throw to pose to suffer - to upend to rise

33 ziTiT

- to cease %ic51cl& 'MT to lift

36T '9T

- to lift(cancel) to sweep (abolish) to abolish to end to do away with to cancel(annul) to oust (drive out of use) to suppress (abolish) to reform 331-
"trFr- to hold, over to carry over tri um- F t*ir-to do one's utmost

36TV tei

I- to uphold(hold up)

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