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How I Became a Marine Biologist – Dr Frank Evans
progressed through a seagoing apprenticeship to become a ship’s officer In 1949 I came ashore to sit for my First Mate’s Certificate, a qualification a step below that of a ship’s captain But by then my long-held wish to follow the sea had diminished and, having married the year before, I began to consider a career on land
Wanna Be a Marine Biologist? Here’s How – News Watch
becoming a marine biologist they usually picture a field marine researcher, maybe because that is my specialty Marine biology, in a nutshell, is the study of marine organisms, their behaviors, and interactions with the environment It includes many different sub-disciplines and, consequently, an array of potential career directions
So you think you want to be a marine biologist? WiseOceans
in marine conservation After saving up for and travelling to Australia and New Zealand (which included gaining my PADI Open Water diving qualification), I started a MSc in Marine Biology The MSc was a big step up from my undergraduate degree – especially since I was learning a lot of things from scratch M
Searches related to how to become a marine biologist step by step filetype:pdf
high-skill manufacturing career by giving you the knowledge and skills to machine and transform raw materials into specialized industry parts and tooling
[PDF] How to Become a Marine Biologist - University of Alaska Fairbanks
Reach out to local researchers Bachelor's degree in Biology, Marine Science, Oceanography, Fisheries, or other related fields Look for internships and field
[PDF] OCEANS OF OPPORTUNITY - Marine Institute
I want to be a SURVEYOR of Oceans and Water Marine biology is a popular career choice and there is a lot of competition for jobs It's a really To take all reasonable steps to ensure that food produced, distributed or marketed meets the
[PDF] Introduction to Marine Biology - Seamester
Introduction: Science and Marine Biology (Karleskint Chapter 1) steps are to make observations, form a hypothesis to explain the patterns seen, constantly changing and organisms living in these environments need to be able to adapt
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![[PDF] OCEANS OF OPPORTUNITY - Marine Institute](https://pdfprof.com/EN_PDFV2/Docs/PDF_7/136901_7OceansofOpportunitiesAGuidetoMarineCareers_WEB_Sept2012.pdf.jpg "[PDF] OCEANS OF OPPORTUNITY - Marine Institute")
136901_7OceansofOpportunitiesAGuidetoMarineCareers_WEB_Sept2012.pdf OCEANSOF
O PPORTUNITY
AGuidetoMarineCareers
w w w.marinejobs.ie Althougheveryefforthasbeenmadetoensuretheaccuracyofthematerialcontainedinthisbookletisvalidatthe t i m eofprinting(June2012),completeaccuracycannotbeguaranteed. P hotographsthroughoutthispublicationare©MarineInstituteandcourtesyof:AndrewDownesPhotography; D a v idBranigan-OceanSport.Additionalphotographshavealsobeenprovidedby;©JonathanWhite; ©CushlaDromgoolRegan;©PaulaMcGrane;©IMDO;©KieranAdlum.OceansofOpportunity-AGuidetoMarineCareers
CONTENTS
C ontentsPage I ntroduction........................................................................................................................................................1
S EAYOURFUTURE-AGuidetoMARINECAREERS..........................................................................2
IwanttoworkinMARINEBIOLOGY........................................................................................................3
W hataboutacareerinAQUACULTURE?..................................................................................................4
W hataboutacareerinFISHING?................................................................................................................5
C o nsideringFOODSAFETY?........................................................................................................................6
IwanttounderstandourOceans...whataboutOCEANOGRAPHY?..............................................8IwanttobeaSURVEYORofOceansandWater..................................................................................10
W hataboutOFFSHOREMarineEngineering?........................................................................................12
W a nttoworkwithUNDERWATERROBOTS?......................................................................................14
IwanttobeaDIVER...Takingtheplungecanbedeeplyrewarding..................................................16
Iwanttotraveltheworld...workingintheMARITIMEINDUSTRY..................................................17
IwanttoworkinSHIPPING...Shorebasedroles..................................................................................18
W hataboutSHIPBROKING?........................................................................................................................19
HowaboutFREIGHTFORWARDERS?......................................................................................................20
W hataboutMARINEINSURANCE?..........................................................................................................21
IwanttoworkinNAVALARCHITECTURE............................................................................................22
W hataboutMaritimeTRANSPORTandLOGISTICS?........................................................................23
H owaboutMARINEINFORMATIONandCOMMUNICATIONSTECHNOLOGY?..................24 W hataboutSOCIO-ECONOMICS?........................................................................................................25
IwanttobeanACADEMIC..........................................................................................................................26
SUPPORTFUNCTIONSwithintheMarineSector..............................................................................27
E NTRYREQUIREMENTS..............................................................................................................................28
MARINESCIENCEandsomeoftherelatedcoursesinIreland..........................................................29
TrainingandWorkExperienceOpportunities..........................................................................................31
USEFULINFORMATION............................................................................................................................32
C a r e ersAdvice,GrantsandVolunteering..................................................................................................34
w w w .marinejobs.ie P age-i www.marinejobs.iePage-iiOceansofOpportunity-AGuidetoMarineCareers
INTRODUCTION
T h eMarineInstitutehasproducedthisbrochuretointroduceyoutosomeoftheexcitingcareers availableinMarineScience,EngineeringandTechnology.Welookinparticularatarangeofopportunities f r omentrytotrainedscientists,professionalengineersandskilledtechnicianswhoarerequiredin: ¥Seafood(fisheries,aquaculture,seafoodprocessingandseaweed)¥Shipping,PortsandServices
¥MarineRenewableEnergy
¥OffshoreOilandGasandSeabedResources
¥MarineandCoastalTourismandLeisureincludingCruiseTourism¥MarineInformationCommunicationTechnology
¥MarineBiotechnologyandBioproducts
T h eMarineInstitute,whichoperatesundertheaegisoftheDepartmentofAgriculture,Foodandthe M arine,isthenationalagencyresponsibleforundertakingmarineresearchanddevelopment.Itcritically informspolicy,regulatoryobjectives,managementandsustainabledevelopmentstrategiesforIreland"s M arineResources.Italsoprovidesarangeofdiverseservicestoawidevarietyofclientsacrossbranches ofGovernment,internationalorganisationsandtheprivatesector. Asanislandnation,Irelandhasalongtraditionofmarinescienceandinnovationstretchingbacktosuch p ioneersasFrancisBeaufort,JohnHollandandWilliamSpotiswoodGreen.Today,Ireland"smarine sciencecommunityincludesawiderangeofUniversities,InstitutesofTechnology,StateandSemi-State b o d ies,commercialcompanies,organisationsandindividualswhosegoalsincludethesustainable developmentofourmarineresourcethroughtheapplicationofscienceandtechnology. w w w .marinejobs.ie P age-1 www.marinejobs.iePage-2OceansofOpportunity-AGuidetoMarineCareers S e ayourFuture-AguidetoMARINECAREERS
With70%oftheearth"ssurfacecoveredbyoceans,and90%
o ftheworld"stradecarriedbyship,itishardlysurprisingthat t h e rearelotsofrelatedcareeropportunitiesespeciallyifyou a r einterestedinscience,technologyorengineering.Our o ceansandseasareofgreatimportanceprovidingatrillion e u r oglobalmarketformarineproducts&services(including s e afood,tourism,shipping,oilandgas,renewableoceanenergy a n dnewapplicationsforhealth,medicineandtechnology). I r e land"snationalmaritimeinterestsareinter-meshedwith t h o s eofitsneighboursinavarietyofmaritimesectoralareas i ncluding,inter-alia,shippingandtransport,seafoodproduction, c o m munications,maritimesafety,securityanddefence, s urveillance,offshoreindustry,hydrocarbon,mineraland r e sourceexploitation,offshorerenewablesandsoon. T a k i n gourseabedareaintoaccount,Irelandisoneofthe l argestEUstateswithsovereignorexclusiverightsoverone o fthelargestseasandoceanstolandratiosofanyEUState. T h eStateofIreland"slandresourceconsistsof90,000km 2 a n d220millionacres(approx.880,000Km 2 )ofmarine t e rritory. I r e l and"smaritimearea:¥Containssomeofthelargestandmostvaluablesea
f isheriesresourcesinEurope; ¥Possessessignificantpotentialforoilandgasreserves; ¥IsthewesterngatewayforshippingtoEurope"sbusiestsea p orts;¥Isamongoneoftherichestandmostaccessibleocean
r e n ewableenergy(wave,tidalandwind)resourcesinthe w o r ld; ¥Possessesspectacularnaturaltourismopportunities; ¥Offerstheprospectofnewenterpriseactivityarisingfrom t h edevelopmentofadiversegeneticspeciesresourcefor m e dicalandindustrialpurposes;¥Andpossessesarangeoftechnologytest-bed
o pportunitieswhichcanfacilitatethedevelopmentof I n n o v a tivetechnologies,decisionsupportandmanagement t o o lsforglobalmarinemarkets. S imonCoveneyTD,MinisterforAgriculture,Foodand t h eMarinesaid, "WeneedtochangethewayweinIrelandthinkaboutthesea a n dlookfornewopportunitiestoharnessthepotentialof o u r220millionacremarineresource.Thisgovernmentis d e terminedtogeneratethemomentumtodriveforwarda n eweraofsustainableeconomicdevelopmentacrossthe m aritimesectors-wemustavailoftheseopportunitiesto a s sistinourrecovery.Wewantyourhelptoshapeourplan, t oshapeourfutureandtoassistinourdrivetowardsour n a t ion"seconomicrecovery".R e aptherewardsinaMarineCareer A syoucanseethemarineenvironmentoffersarangeof v aried,challengingandexcitingcareers.Inmanycasesyouwill b eworkingwithcuttingedgescienceandtechnology.Marine science,technologyandengineeringcanofferexcellentcareer o p p ortunitiesandonceyouhavesomeexperienceincertain m arinecareersyoucaneasilyworkonafreelancebasis.This w illgiveyouthefreedomtoworkwhereyoulike,whenyou l ikeandforwhomyoulike.Soundsgood?
Ifyouenjoybiology,maths,physics,chemistry,electronics, computingorgeologythenyoumaybesuitedtoamarine c areer.Ifyouareinterestedinanyofthecareersdescribedin t hisbrochure,thereareplentyofwaystofindoutmore, s u chas:¥Talktoyourcareersadvisor
¥Contacttherelevantorganisationslistedorlookattheir w ebsites ¥Usetheinformationsourcesattheendofthisbrochure A lreadyqualified?Therearecareeropportunitiesall o v ertheworldInthemarineenvironmenttherearelotsofexciting
o pportunitiesathomeandtherearealsoopportunitiesall overtheworld.Youcangetadviceonthecomparabilityof y o u rqualificationsbycontactingtheNationalQualifications A uthorityofIrelandwww.qualificationsrecognition.ieorENIC (EuropeanNetworkofInformationCentres)or
w ww.europass.ie www.marinejobs.ieOceansofOpportunity-AGuidetoMarineCareers
Iwanttoworkin
MARINEBIOLOGY
Marinebiologistsstudythefascinatinganimal,plantandmicroscopiclifeinoceans.Anestimated80% ofalllifeonearthisfoundundertheoceansurface.Plantsandanimalsactasindicatorsoftheeffect ofhumanactivitiesontheplanet,suchaspollutionandclimatechange.Marinebiologistsplayavital r oleinstudyingtheseeffects. W hatdoesaMarineBiologistdo? Marinebiologistsinvestigateallkindsofissuesandproblemssuchas: ¥Overfishinghasledtoareductionofworldwidestocksofcertainfishspecies¥Pollutionhascontributedtothelossofcoral
¥Thereleaseofhotwaterandothereffluentsbyvariousindustrieshasalteredtheecological b a lanceoftheoceans ¥Pollutionhascausedanincreaseinwaterborneinfectionsinhumans ¥ Theuseofpesticidesandartificialfertilisersinfarminghashadseriousconsequencesonfoodchains ¥Chemicalscancause'gender-bending"andfertilityproblemsinfish,shellfishandotheraquatic o r ganisms. W hoemploysMarineBiologists? E m p loyersofmarinebiologist"sinclude: ¥Researchandadvisorybodies(suchastheMarineInstituteorBordIascaighMhara)¥Universityresearchteams
¥Environmentalcharitiesandnon-governmentalorganisations¥Commercialfisheries
¥Government-runregulatorybodies
¥Largeindustrialconcernssuchasoffshoreoilandgasexplorationcompanies¥Environmentalconsultancies
W hatskillsandpersonalqualitiesdoyouneed?AMarineBiologistneeds:
¥Anaffinitywiththemarineenvironmentandaninterestinaquaticlife ¥Excellentnumericalskills(particularlysoughtbyemployers)¥Practicalskills
¥Patienceandexcellentobservationskills
¥Theabilitytoworkaspartofateam
¥Goodstandardofwrittenandoralcommunicationskills ¥Tobepreparedtoworkoutdoorsinallweathers,includingatsea W hataboutentry,trainingandqualifications? Marinebiologyisapopularcareerchoiceandthereisalotofcompetitionforjobs.It"sareallygood ideatogainrelevantexperienceasavolunteerasthiswillimproveyourprospectsoffindingajob. W h ynotjointheIrishWhaleandDolphingroupontheirObserversprogramme,contactyourlocal a q u a r i u mforvolunteerwork,signupfortheSMARTScience@Seatwodayprogramme(seepage31) orcontactemployersforworkexperience. P r ofessionalMarineBiologists T h eusualrequirementforprofessionalpostsinmarinebiologyisadegreeinmarinebiology,zoology orbiochemistry.Aspecialistinterestinmarinestudiesishelpfulandtherearesomedegreecourses specialisinginmarinebiologyormarinescience.It"salsoworthcheckingoutcoursesthatofferecology orenvironmentalstudiesasoptionstohelpyougetagoodunderstandingofhowbiology'fitsinto" y o u rmarineinterests.Forinformationonentryrequirementsfordegreecourses,seepage28-29.Laboratoryassistantsandtechnicians
T h eusualrequirementforthesepostsisaNationalCertificateinarelevantbiologicalscience. P age-3OceansofOpportunity-AGuidetoMarineCareers
T h eIrishaquacultureindustryismarketledwithmostoftheproducebeingexportedtomeetthe g rowingworldwidedemandformarineandfreshwaterfood.Aquacultureistheseaorlandbased c u l t i v a t i o nofmarine,brackishorfreshwateraquaticorganismsincludingzooplankton,shellfish ( m u ssels&oysters)crustaceans(brineshrimps)echinoderms(seaurchins),finfish(salmon&trout) a n daquaticplants(seaweed&otheralgae). F ishfarmingisaformofanimalhusbandryinwhichthereissomeformofinterventionintherearing p r ocesstoenhanceshellfishorfinfishproduction,suchasregularrestocking,feedingandprotection f r ompredators. S h ellfishfarmingisthecultivationofstocksofshellfishthathasbeenpractisedinIrelandforover acentury.Cultivationofnative/flatoystersandbluemusselsonmanagednaturalbedsisstillcarried o u tatanumberoflocationsaroundIreland. F i n fishfarming(salmonandtrout),beganinIrelandinthe1970sanddevelopedrapidly.Inrecent y e ars,considerableresearchanddevelopmentefforthasbeenexpendedonextendingtherangeof f i nfishspeciesfarmedandsmallquantitiesofturbot,codandhalibutarenowbeingproducedinIreland. W h a topportunitiesarethere? F ishfarmingisagrowthareaattractingpeopletoworkasfarmmanagers,marinebiologists,diversand h i g hlyskilledoperativeswhocandetectchangesinfishandshellfishbehaviourandrespond a p p ropriately.Theworkisveryvariedandmorelikethatofafarmerthanafisherman,butthesame s killsthatapplytofishingeasilytransferacrosstoaquaculture. O theropportunitiesexistforscientificandtechnicalstaffinresearchintofishdiseasesandviruses, l a boratorystaff(microbiologists,moleculardiagnostics)whoperformfishhealthinspectionstoensure t h eproductissafefortheconsumer,supportstaffwhomanageandissuethecertificationprocess e n suringtheproductissafetotravel/export,fieldsamplingstaffwhoperformsiteinspectionsand c o l l ectsamples,scientistsandtechnicalstaffwhoareinvolvedinfishrearingandhusbandryactivities. W h a tskillsandpersonalqualitiesdoyouneed? •Anaffinitywiththemarineenvironmentandaninterestinaquaticlife •Practicalskills •Patienceandgoodobservationskills •Theabilitytoworkinateam •Flexibility(weatherfactorsandfishlifecyclesmayresultinlongdaysandweekends) •Tobepreparedtoworkoutdoorsinallweathers-perhapsatsea W h a taboutentry,trainingandqualifications? I nsomeareasnoformalqualificationarerequired.FormalqualificationsrangefromaFETACLevel5 C e rtificateinAquaculturetoaGeneralScience/Biology,Zoology,EnvironmentalSciencedegreeto M a s tersandPhD"s.BordIascaighMharahttp://www.bim.ie/canhelpyoudevelopyourskillswith t r aininginfishing,fishfarmingandseafoodprocessing. W h oemploysAquaculturestaff? A q u a culturerelatedemployersinclude: •Researchandadvisorybodies •Universityresearchteams •Commercialfisheries •Government-runregulatorybodies •Fishprocessingplants,fishandhatcheryfarmers •Environmentalconsultancies C u r rentlytherearearound5,000employedinIrelandasFishermen,skippers,marineengineersand w w w.marinejobs.iePage-4Whataboutacareerin
AQUACULTURE?
www.marinejobs.ieOceansofOpportunity-AGuidetoMarineCareers
P age-5 deckhandsandmanyopportunitiesarelocatedinexistingseafisheriescentres(Castletownbere a n dKillybegs)andalsoinmanysmallruralcommunitiesscatteredaroundIreland"scoast W hatopportunitiesarethere? F iguresfrom2011,showcirca12,000personsemployedintheIrishSeafoodindustry,ofwhich 5 ,000areFishermen,justover2,000areFishfarmers,3,000involvedinfishprocessingand1,200
a reinvolvedinancillaryservices. S o mefishermenworkonsmallinshoredayboatsofteninsightofland.Crewsaresmall-usually o n lytwoorthreepeopleandthecatchislandedfreshthatday.Othersfishoffshoreonlarger v e sselsontripslastingdaysorweeks,dependingonthetypeandsizeofvessel. L argeboatsrequireacrewthatincludesaskipper,amateandengineerandhighlyskilled d e c k h a n dstooperatethefishinggear,sortandpackthecatchwhenitisbroughtonboardand a idinthegeneraloperationofthevessel.Everydaybringsfreshchallengesandmodernvessels arehighlysophisticatedwithanincrediblearrayofhi-technavigationandfishingequipment,which requiresskillandexperiencetomaster. W hataboutentry,trainingandqualifications? Forsomejobs,therearenoformalqualificationrequiredotherthantheessentialsafetyatsea t raining.FormalqualificationsrangefromaFETACLevel5CertificateinCommercialfishingto D e g rees,MastersandPhD"s. T raining F o ressentialsafetytrainingforfishermenthereistheBIMBasicSafetyTrainingCardwhich comprisesofthreeelements: •PersonalSurvivalTechniques(STCW-95Certificate) •ElementaryFirstAid(STCW-95Certificate) •FirePreventionandSafetyAwareness I fyouarelookingforpracticaltraininginarangeofnavigationandsafetyskillstoassistyouwith yourambitiontobecomeafisherman,skipperorsecondhandofacommercialfishingvessel w h ynotstartwithFETACCertificateinCommercialFishing(Level5) I fyouarelookingtogainabasicunderstandingoftheoperationofmarinedieselenginesand a ssociatedmachineryonsmallvessels,thereistheFETACLevel5CertificateinMarine E n g ineeringProcesses(MinorAward) T h e reisalsotheSafetyHandbookforFishermenatSeaandthisaswellastrainingandfurther informationonthetwoFETAClevel5certificatesandthebasicsafetytrainingmentionedabove isprovidedbyBordIascaighMharaathttp://www.bim.ie/ W h a taboutacareerin F I S H ING? www.marinejobs.iePage-6 T h eIrishseafoodsectorcurrentlyhasanannualestimatedsalesvalueof700millionandemployscirca 12,000people.Theprincipalgrowthpotentialliesinincreasingunitvaluethroughimprovedquality,
b ettermarketingandadditionalprocessing,additionalnon-IrishlandingstoIrelandandlimited d e velopmentofnewspecies.Theaquaculturesectorcomprisesoffinfishandshellfishfarming e n t erprises.Irelandhasanexcellentenvironmentfortheproductionofhighqualityfarmedfishand s hellfishanditisprincipallyonthebasisofqualitythatthesectorcancompetesuccessfully.FoodSafety i sapivotalpartofmaintainingtheselevelsofindustry.Allfishandshellfishthatareavailableforhuman c o n sumptionmustpassrigoroushealthandsafetychecksbeforetheyreachthemarket(andinsome c a s e sevenbeforetheyareharvested)toensuretheydonotposeariskwhenconsumedorposearisk o fcrosscontaminationintootherfoodproducts.Allfoodthatismadeavailablemustcomplywiththe l e g alrequirementsassetdownbybothEUandNationallegislation. W h a tdoesFoodSafetyentail? L a b o ratoryAnalystsandChemistsinvestigateallkindsofissuesandproblemsrelatingtofoodsafety w i t h i nfishandshellfish: ¥Naturalaccumulatingtoxinswithinfish:molluscanshellfishsuchasmusselsandoystersarefilter f eeders.Fromtimetotimetheycanaccumulatenaturallyoccurringbiotoxinswhichareproduced b yphytoplanktoninthewater.Ifshellfishcontainingsuchtoxinswereconsumed,thesebiotoxins c o u ldproducesicknessandunpleasantsideeffects; ¥Bivalvefilter-feedingmolluscanshellfishcanaccumulatehumanpathogenicbacteriaandviruseswhen growninsewagecontaminatedwaters.Suchshellfishrepresentapublichealthriskwhenconsumed raworonlylightlycooked; ¥Pollutantsposeariskwhentheyhavecontaminatedfishandshellfishhabitatsfrompesticides, a rtificialfertilizersandsewage. T omitigatetheseriskspersonnelcanberesponsibleforanumberofareas: ¥Carryingoutmonitoringprogrammestoensurethattoxicshellfisharenotharvestedandplaced o nthemarket; ¥PreparationofreportsonbiotoxinresultstotheshellfishindustryandGovernmentagencies; ¥ParticipationindevelopingandimplementingrelevantaspectsofINABlaboratoryqualityassurance system,aspartoftheBiotoxinChemistryUnit; ¥Takingresponsibilityforthetechnicalaspectsofpreparation,analysis,dataadministrationand p r eparingreportsofphycotoxinandphytoplanktonsamples; ¥Totakeallreasonablestepstoensurethatfoodproduced,distributedormarketedmeetsthe h i g h eststandardsoffoodsafetyandhygienereasonablyavailable. T heMarineInstitute,forexample,carriesoutarangeoffoodsafetyprogrammestoensurethatIrish s eafoodproductsgoingintoNationalandInternationalmarketsareofthehighestqualityaccordingto f o odsafetystandards.ThismonitoringcomplieswitharangeofEUlawaswellasnationalrequirements. T hisworkiscarriedoutinconjunctionwiththeFoodSafetyAuthorityofIrelandandthe D e p artmentofAgricultureFoodandtheMarine.Currentprogrammescarriedoutbythe M a rineInstituteinclude:ShellfishBiotoxins,VeterinaryDrugResiduemonitoringinfarmedFish, S h e llfishMicrobiologyandChemicalPollutants.OceansofOpportunity-AGuidetoMarineCareers
C onsideringFOODSAFETY?
OceansofOpportunity-AGuidetoMarineCareers
w ww.marinejobs.iePage-7 W hatskillsandpersonalqualitiesdoyouneed?¥Aninterestinfoodandfoodsafety
¥Aninterestinanalyticalchemistryandworkingwithenvironmentalsamples.¥Excellentnumericalskills
¥Excellentorganisationalskills
¥Highlysafetyconscious
¥Highlevelsofattentiontodetail
¥Theabilitytoworkinateam
¥ G oodwrittenandoralcommunicationskills ¥Theabilitytoremainmotivatedwhilstcarryingoutrepetitivetasks. W hataboutentry,trainingandqualifications? P r ofessionalpostswithinFoodSafety T heusualrequirementforprofessionalpostsinfoodsafetyisadegreeinbiologicalscience,chemistryorfoodscience.
Arelevantdegreecanbefollowedbyapostgraduatedegreespecialisinginyourareaofinterest. F o rinformationonentryrequirementsfordegreecourses,seepage28-29. L a boratoryassistantsandtechnicians T h eusualrequirementforthesepostsisaNationalCertificateinarelevantscience. W hoareEmployersintheareaofFoodSafety? E m p loyersinthisfieldinclude: ¥Researchandadvisorybodies(suchastheMarineInstituteorBordIascaighMhara)¥Universityresearchteams
¥Commercialfisheries
¥Foodprocessors
¥Government-runregulatorybodies(suchastheFoodSafetyAuthorityofIreland;BordBia;Teagasc) W hataboutfutureprospects? T hepotentialexiststocapitaliseonstrongdemandtoincreaserevenueto1billionandemploymentto14,000full-time equivalentjobsby2020inseafisheriesandaquaculture.Thisequatestoanincreasingdemandforjobsinthefoodsafety
industryspecifictothemarine,aswellasthedemandinthegeneralfoodindustry.OceansofOpportunity-AGuidetoMarineCareers
Oceanographyisthescientificstudyanddescriptionoftheoceans.Oceanographerstrytounderstandandpredicthowoceans
work,andhelpustouseandconservetheirresources.Becausetheoceansandtheatmospherearelinked,marinemeteorology
isarelatedareaofexpertise.Marinemeteorologistsprovideoceanandweatherobservationsandforecastsforpeoplewho
w o r katseaorwholiveonthecoast. W hatdoOceanographersandMarineMeteorologistsdo? Oceanographycombinesmanydifferentscientificdisciplines.Oceanographerscanspecialiseinthefollowingareas:
¥Physicaloceanographyisthestudyofthetemperature,densityandsaltcontentoftheoceans,aswellastides,currents,
wavesandoceancirculation ¥Chemicaloceanographyfocusesonthechemicalcompositionandpropertiesofseawaterandmarinesediments,and t h ebehaviourofpollutants ¥Geologicaloceanographyisconcernedwiththeseabed,itscomposition,structureandformation ¥Biologicaloceanographyisthestudyofthemanylifeformsthatliveinthesea.Alotofanoceanographer"sworkislaboratoryordeskbasedandinvolvestheuseofcomputermodelling.Althoughmuchdata
comesfromautomatedsamplingequipmentandsatellites,timeisstillspentinthefield,gatheringdatafrominstrumentsdeep
b e lowthesurfaceoftheocean.Mostoceanographersspendsometimeatseaonresearchvessels,possiblygoingdowntothe seabed,usingdivingequipmentorsubmersibles. O c e a nographers P eoplewhoworkinoceanographyoftenworkwithmarinemeteorologiststoresearchtheeffectsofoceanontheclimate a ndthelong-termeffectsofclimatechange. O perationalmarinemeteorologists T hosewhoworkasoperationalmarinemeteorologistscollectweatherandoceandatafromweatherstations,satellitesand
o bservationvessels.Dataisfedintocomputersandthisisusedtopredictweatherchanges. A ppliedmarinemeteorologistsAppliedmarinemeteorologistsusevariousoceanmodellingsystemsforwave,stormsurgeandoceancurrentforecasting.This
h e lpsorganisationssuchasferryoperatorsandoilcompaniestoplantheirwork.IwanttounderstandourOceans...what
a b o utOCEANOGRAPHY? w w w.marinejobs.iePage-8WhoemploysOceanographers/MarineMeteorologists?
¥ R e searchteamsatuniversitiesandenergysupplycompanies ¥Nationalmeteorologicalservices,suchasMetireann ¥Companiesinthewaterindustry&energysupplycompanies¥Marinesurveyandconsultingcompanies
¥Oceaninstrumentationmanufacturers
¥ E n v i r o n m e n t alConsultancies. W hatskillsandpersonalqualitiesdoyouneed? A noceanographerormarinemeteorologistneeds:¥Analytical&problemsolvingskills
¥Numericalskills
¥ICTSkills
¥Theabilitytoworkinateamandgoodcommunicationskills. W hataboutentry,trainingandqualifications? O ceanographersgenerallyrequireadegreeinphysics,chemistryormathsanda p ostgraduatequalificationinoceanography.Thereareafewspecialiseddegreecourses t h a tcoveroceanographyoroceanscience,oftenincombinationwithothersubjects suchaschemistry,geography,geology,computingormeteorology. Meteorologistsusuallyhavedegreesinmaths,physicsormeteorology,butothersubjects m aybeaccepted.Postgraduatecoursesinmeteorologyarealsoavailableforthosewith appropriatedegreesubjects.TechnicalandsupportstaffarelikelytoneedaCertificate/ D iploma.ThereisalsotheNVQlevel4inweatherforecastingandSailCorkrunevening classesinUnderstandingtheWeather.Forfurtherinformationseewww.sailcork.com O c e ansofOpportunity-AGuidetoMarineCareers w ww.marinejobs.iePage-9OceansofOpportunity-AGuidetoMarineCareers
Asanaturalresourceofrawmaterials,suchasfuelandfood,theseasandoceansoftheworldhave n everbeensoimportant.Theyalsorepresentaveryfragileenvironmentwhoseexploitationmustbe c arefullyandconsideratelymanaged.Itistheworkofthehydrographicsurveyortochartthesegreat w ildernessesandtoprovidetheexpertisefortheirexplorationandformuchoftheengineeringneeded fortheirdevelopment. ApersonwhosurveysoceansiscalledaHydrographicSurveyor.Traditionally,thehydrographerhas b eenassociatedwithmakingtheseachartsthatallowshipstonavigatetheworldinsafety.Thisisstill animportantrolebut,asascienceandprofession,hydrographicsurveyinghasdevelopedintoanexciting, m ulti-disciplinaryoccupation.Thehydrographerisinvolvedwitheveryaspectofoceandatafrom m e asuringcurrents,tidesandwaves,observingtheoceanenvironment,mappingtheoceanfloorand exploringforthemineralsthatliefarbeneath.Someoftheactivitieshydrographersareinvolvedinare:¥exploringforfossilfuels,suchasoilandgas
¥offshoreengineeringandconstruction
¥chartingtheseasandoceans
¥ports,harboursandcoastalengineeringoperations
¥trans-oceanictelecommunicationcables
¥similarworkinlakesandinlandwaterways
¥environmentalstudies.
E d u c a t ionandQualifications H ydrographicSurveyorsgenerallyrequireadegreeandanumberofcollegesanduniversitiesoffer s u i t ablecoursesthroughoutIrelandandEurope.Seepage28-29forentryrequirements. T h eotherrouteintotrainingandeducationisviaamilitarycareer,especiallyintheNavy.Insome c o untries,surveyorsareencouragedtoaddaprofessionalqualificationfollowinggraduationbybecoming aLicensedSurveyor,orbyjoiningabodysuchastheUK"sRoyalInstitutionofCharteredSurveyors (RICS). T hehydrographicsurveyorisaspecialistinprecisepositioninganddataacquisitioninmarine environments.Theyareexpectedtoworkinawiderangeofdifferingsituationsandapplicationsfrom i n landwatersandrivers,toportsandthedeepoceans.GraduateengineersandScientistsarealso i nvolvedinnewchallengessuchasharnessingsustainableenergyfromwind,wavesandcurrents. E quipmenthastobedesigned,built,installedandoperatedsafelyandcosteffectively.Youmayfind y ourselfworkingonexcitingprojects,suchaswavepowerenergygenerators.IwanttobeaSURVEYOR
o fOceansandWater w w w.marinejobs.iePage-10OceansofOpportunity-AGuidetoMarineCareers
W hatskillsandpersonalqualitiesdoyouneed? H ydrographicSurveyorsneed: ¥Strongtechnical,analyticalandadministrationskills.¥ICTSkills
¥Theabilitytoworkinateamandgoodcommunicationskills ¥Abilitytoadapttodifferentorganisationalcultures&styles. ¥Abilitytoworkatsea.
S k illsandTraining Ahydrographicsurveyorrequiresmanyskills-thekeyacademicskillsareacquiredthrough specialistcourseswhileothers,suchasseamanshipandinstrumenthandling,areacquiredon-the jobandviain-housetrainingcourses.Ingeneral,hydrographicsurveyorsentertheprofession e itherwitharelevantbachelor"sdegreeinthesurveyingsciences(sometimesreferredtoas 'geomatics")orthroughaqualificationgainedinmilitary(normallyNavy)service.Otherdegree coursesofferingsurveyingoptionsincludegeographyandgeophysics.Degreesinphysics, m athematicsorstatisticscanalsoofferpointsofentryespeciallyforthosewhointendtospecialise inprocessingordatamanipulation. T oworkoffshoreinanycapacityitisusuallynecessarytocompleteabasicoffshoresafety inductionandemergencytraining(BOSIET)course.Thisgenerallyincludesfirstaid,safetyatsea, t hebasicsoffireandfirefightingandhelicopterunderwaterescapetraining(HUET). w ww.marinejobs.ie P age-11OceansofOpportunity-AGuidetoMarineCareers
T heoffshoresectorincludeseverythingfromoiltogasexplorationandextraction, a n dtelecomsandpowercabling,towindfarms,wavepowerandoffshoremining. T h eoffshoreoilandgasisconcernedwiththerecoveryofcrudeoilandnatural g a sfrombeneaththeseabedtomeettheworld"senergyneeds.Theindustryuses i nnovativetechnologyandtechniquestofindandextractoilandgas.Ittakesa high-tech,multi-disciplinaryteameffort.EngineersandScientistsareneededto w o rkbothonshoreandoffshore.Therearealsojobsforsemi-skilledworkers. W h a topportunitiesarethere? T h erearethreemainareasofworkintheoffshoreoilandgasindustry: ¥Explorationinvolvesconductingsurveysandteststofindworthwhile reservesofoilandgas. ¥Fielddevelopmentinvolvesdecidinghowtoextractfuel,settingup p roductionfacilitiesanddrillingwells. ¥Productionandmaintenanceinvolvesoperatingandmaintaining equipment.Therearejobsoffshoreonsupportvessels,platformsanddrilling rigsandonshoreatterminalsservicingtheequipmentandconstructingnew p l atforms. Therearealsoopportunitiesinengineeringdesign,planningandproject m a nagement.Offshoreinstallationsalsoneedproductionoperatives,welders, e lectricians,mechanics,storekeepersandcooks.Therearealsojobsfordiversto maintaintheplatforms. U n d erwaterwelding Thisfieldofworkisahighpaying,muchindemand,lucrativeandrewarding p rofession.Underwaterweldingalsotakesacombinationofskills.Firstyoumust b ebothacertifiedwelderandacommercialdiver.Itisessentialtohaveexcellent divingskillsandequallyessentialtoplaceapremiumonsafety. W h a taboutMarineEngineering? Marineengineeringisthebranchofstudythatdealswiththedesign,development, productionandmaintenanceoftheequipmentsusedatseaandonboardsea vesselslikeboats,shipsetc.AMarineEngineerisaprofessionalwhoisresponsible f ortheoperation,maintenanceandrepairofallmajormechanicalandengineered e q u ipmentonboardaship.GraduateJobsinoffshoreindustries
ScientistsandEngineersmostlyworkinlabsorofficesonshore,buttheymayspend o c c a s i o nalspellsonoffshoreinstallations.Geologist/geophysicistsstudy u n dergroundstructuresusingcomputersandanalysingdatafromseismicsurveys t oassesstheprospectsoffindingoilorgas.Theypreparereports,chartsand p r esentationsforthecontractingcompany. W h a taboutOFFSHORE M a r i neEngineering? P age-12www.marinejobs.ieOceansofOpportunity-AGuidetoMarineCareers
W hatskillsandpersonalqualitiesdoyouneed? T oworkoffshore,youneed:¥Tobefitandstrong
¥Tobereliable,responsibleandverysafety-conscious¥Tobepreparedtoworkoutsideinallweathers
¥Goodteamworkingskills
¥ B epreparedtoworkirregularhoursandcopewithperiodsawayfrom h o m e W hataboutentry,trainingandqualifications? B eforeworkingoffshore,youhavetoundergoanoffshoresurvivalcourse. T heminimumageforworkingonaninstallationis18.Basicoffshorelabouring w o r kusuallyrequiresnoformalqualifications,butrelevantcraftortechnician experienceortraininghelps.Theprofessionisopentograduatesofmany d isciplinesbutadegreeinoneofthefollowingsubjectsconsiderablyincreases a napplicant"schancessuchas:HydrographicSurveying;OceanExploration; L a ndSurveying;Engineering;MarineSciences;CivilEngineering; Physical/Mathematical/AppliedScience;Geography/CartographyandComputerScience/SoftwareEngineering.
W hoarethetypicalemployers?¥Researchandadvisorybodies
¥Internationaloilandgasorganisations,drilling,maintenanceandspecialist servicecontractors¥Organisationsinvolvedinrenewableenergy
¥Offshorecontractors,Engineeringdesignconsultancies,Suppliersof m a terialsandequipment www.marinejobs.iePage-13OceansofOpportunity-AGuidetoMarineCareers
The"robots"inquestionarespecialiseddevicescalledROVs-remotely- operatedvehicles.Thesearesmallsubmarineswhicharetetheredtothesurface byanumbilicalcordthroughwhichelectricalpowerispasseddowntothe vehicle.Thesameumbilicalalsoallowstelemetrycontrol,videoandother sensordatatopasstoandfromandenablestheROVpilotto'fly"theirmini- submarinethroughahuge-andeverincreasing-varietyoftasks.ROVsare b eingusedatgreaterandgreaterdepths,farbeyondthatatwhichdiversmay o p erate.AllROVsareverycomplexpiecesofequipment,oftenweighingseveral t o nswhenoutofwaterandconsiderabletechnologicalandengineering c h allengesareinvolvedinoperatingthem.Theworkyoucouldbeinvolvedin:
¥Launchingand"flying"yourvehiclebyremotecontrolfromthesurfaceofthe w a t ertodepthsofupto165metres(someROVscandiveto4,000metres) ¥Operatingequipmentsuchascamerasandinterpretingdata,sometimesin p o orvisibility,fromvideoorsonardisplaystocalculateandkeeptrackofthe p o s itionofyourvehicle ¥NavigatingtheROV"sroute,avoidinghazardssuchasmovingpartsofthe s h i p ¥Operatingroboticarms(ifyourvehiclehasthem),toperformsimpletasks s u c haspickingupitemsfromtheseabed ¥Judgingthechangingweatherconditions,ifnecessaryalteringthedive p r o grammeatshortnotice ¥Relayinginformationduringthedive,verballyontovideocassetteand c o m p u ter ¥RegularlymaintainingtheROVanditsassociatedequipmentandcarrying o u trepairsonlocation ¥Carryingouttechnicaltasks:forexample,riggingandoperatingsmallboats a n dbasicelectronicandhydraulicconstruction ¥Writingtechnicalreportsandorderingsparepartsbycomputer H o wtobecomeaRemotelyOperatedVehicles(ROV) P ILOT/TECHNICIAN
AcareerasaROVpilot/technicianoffersyoutheuniqueexperiencetocombine yourengineering,technology,computerandscienceskillsinanocean environment.Trainingcoursesareavailableatanumberofschoolswhichallow n ewcomerstotheindustrytolearnthebasics.Qualificationsrequiredarean honoursdegreeoraboveinelectronic,electrical,mechanicalorhydraulic engineeringorrelateddisciplinesorsuitabletraining&time-servedexperience i notherindustries.EmployersnormallyrequireROVpersonneltohaveagood backgroundinelectronicsorhydraulics.Experiencewithpneumatics,plant maintenanceorelectricalormechanicalengineeringmayalsobeofinterestto p rospectiveemployers. W anttoworkwith U N DERWATERROBOTS?
P age-14www.marinejobs.ieOceansofOpportunity-AGuidetoMarineCareers
T h efollowingorganisationshaveROVTrainingProgrammes: M a ritimeTraining&CompetenceSolutionsLtd(MTCS)-http://www.mtcs.info/ I n ternationalMaritimeContractorsAssociation(IMCA)-http://www.imca-int.com/ T h eUnderwaterCentre-http://www.theunderwatercentre.co.uk/index.asp S u b N e tServicesLtd-http://www.subnetservices.com/ T oworkoffshoreinanycapacityitisusuallynecessarytocompleteabasicoffshore s afetyinductionandemergencytraining(BOSIET)course.Thisgenerallyincludesfirst a i d,safetyatsea,thebasicsoffireandfirefightingandhelicopterunderwaterescape t raining(HUET).Inmanyregions,someonewhohasnotsuccessfullycompleteda courseofthisnaturewillnotbepermittedtoworkoffshore. W orkingConditionsandProspects M o stROVpersonnelareemployeddirectlybyoneoftheROVoperatorsor contractors.ROVworkisnormallyconstantaroundtheyearandisless'seasonal" thandiving.ROVpersonnelcanexpecttotraveloverseas.Theyhavetoberesourceful, resilientandbeabletoworkinateamenvironment. A swellastheoilandgasindustries,ROVpilottechniciansfindworkinresearch institutions,civilengineering,thedefenceandsecurityindustry,environmentalsciences a ndmarinearchaeology. www.marinejobs.iePage-15OceansofOpportunity-AGuidetoMarineCareers
O neareathatalmostcertainlyhasahighdegreeofjobsatisfactionisdivingandunderwaterwork.Manypeoplefallmadlyinlove
withdivingandtheunderwaterworldonvacation,andmanygoonfromtheretogettheirPADIcertificateandcarryondiving
a sahobby.Butwhatifyoulovedivingsomuchthatyouwanttodoitforaliving? D i vingInstructor T h isisthedaddyofunderwaterjobs.Ifyou"repreparedtoputinthetimetraining,youmayfindajobforlife,suchasworking
f oranycoastalresortintheworld.FirstyouneedtogetyourPADIDivemastertrainingwhichhonesyourdiveknowledgeand
l e a dershipskills.OnceyouhavethatyouneedtogetyourPADIAssistantInstructorandPADIOpenWaterScuba Instructorcertifications.Divinginstructorsgettoworkinthemostbeautifulspotsintheworld.VariousDivingcoursestake
p l acethroughoutIreland.Tofindacourseinourareaseethefollowinglinks: w ww.discoverscuba.net/,www.oceandivers.ie/,www.scubadivewest.com/,www.divegalway.com/ U nderwaterPhotographer T h isjobcombinestheglamourofbeingadivinginstructorwiththechallengesandinterestofbeingadiver.Usingunderwater
camerasandadvancedphotographytechniques,thereisamarketforunderwaterphotographers.Ifyou"reaphotographerwith
ahankeringforworkingunderwateranddiving,thisisthejobforyou.Whetheryouspecialiseinunderwaterportraits,shipwrecks,
n a t u r eandmarinelifephotographyorfilmingformovies,allyouneedtodoisfindyournicheandbuildyourportfolio. U nderwaterTourGuide T hisjobisafunchoiceandgenerallyrequiresthesamequalificationsasadivinginstructor.Ithasthepotentialforthesamesocial
i nteractionifworkinginaresort,althoughunderwatertourguidescanalsobeinvolvedinmoreinterestingdiving.Oneexample
w o u l dbeatourguidewhotakesdiverstoswimwithsharks,oraroundshipwrecks. U nderwaterArchaeologist Anunderwaterarchaeologistisinvolvedinstudyingthewealthofhumanhistorythatliessubmergedatthebottomoflakes,seas
a ndoceansoftheworld.Anunderwaterarchaeologistspendsalltheirtimeunearthingtheselosttreasures.Youcouldbeexamining
anythingfromshipwreckstoexploringlost,underwatercities.Theworkisscientificwithequalamountsoftimespentondry
landresearchingtreasuresandplanningthenextexcavation.Ifyou"refascinatedbyhistoryandenjoydivingthenacareerasan
u n d e r w a t e rarchaeologistcouldbeidealforyou.