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Criollo: had Spanish-born parents, but was born in In 1813, Bolivar's army won took control of independence of Latin American countries from

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political figure that played a leading role in Latin America's struggle for independence During his lifetime he led Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, Ecuador,

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[PDF] Toussaint L'Ouverture, Simon Bolivar, & Miguel Hidalgo

Criollo: had Spanish-born parents, but was born in Bolivar was a wealthy Venezuelan Criollo who spent independence of Latin American countries from

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[PDF] Toussaint LOuverture, Simon Bolivar, & Miguel Hidalgo

158682_5LatinAmericanIndependenceMovement.pdf

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F Óiguel HiTalgo

Spain conquered most of the lands in the

AmericaV (wUile PorWugal conquereT ŁraYil0.

It divided its empire into provinces.

The two most important provinces were New

Spain and Peru.

Spain set up a class system; Native Americans

were WUe loweVW.

The NaWive AmericanV were WUe leaVW powerful claVV. They were forced to work on plantations (haciendas) for European settlers. They also worked in mines after silver was discovered (extremely dangerous). Many died from overwork, malnutrition, or TiVeaVeV. The population decreased from 25 million in 1519 to leVV WUan 2 million in WUe laWe 1500V.

European diseases decimated Native American populaWion. European settlers still needed workers for planWaWionV. ColoniVWV began imporWing African VlaveV Wo supplement Native American labor. AVpecWV of NaWive American F African culWure (languages, customs, beliefs, traditions) survived & blenTeT WogeWUer.

Mestizos: people of mixed Native American and

Nuropean anceVWry

Criollo: had Spanish-born parenWVH buW waV born in

Latin America

Mulattoes: people of mixed African and European

ancestry Ships leaving Europe first stopped in Africa; they WraTeT Nuropean gooTV for capWiveV Waken in Wribal warV or raiTV.

Ships then traveled to America; slaves were

excUangeT for Vugar F oWUer iVlanT proTucWV. Ships returned home loaded with products from the

AmericaV WUaW grew very popular wiWU NuropeanV.

An estimated 8-15 million AfricanV reacUeT WUe

AmericaV from WUe 16WU Wo WUe 19WU cenWury.

The African slave population quickly began to

outnumber the Europeans & the Native

Americans.

Slave rebellions were common.

He was a former slave in Haiti (freed in 1777).

In 1791, he led a huge slave revolt against the French in

Hispaniola.

France was also fighting a war against Spanish forces in +LVSMQLROM POH\ ŃRXOGQ·P GHMO RLPO VOMYH UHNHOOLRQVB They promised that any slave who joined the French army F fougUW WUe SpaniVU woulT be freeT. In 1795H I·2XYHUPXUH·V MUP\ OHOSHG POH )UHQŃO GHIHMP the Spanish.

HQ 1801 I·2XYHUPXUH OHG M OXJH MUP\ LQPR M 6SMQLVO colony & freed all slaves there. o6L[ PRQPOV OMPHU OH NHŃMPH ´JRYHUQRU JHQHUMO RI +MLPL IRU OLIHBµ In 1802H a large ŃrencU army lanTV in HaiWi. They wanted to restore old French government & regain conWrol of Vugar WraTe. I·2XYHUPXUH·V MUP\ IRXJOP POH )UHQŃO ORVPB )UHQŃO MUUHVPHG I·2XYHUPXUH MQG VHQP OLP PR SULVRQ LQ France. I·2XYHUPXUH GLHG ROLOH LQ SULVRQB

I·2XYHUPXUH·V MUP\ RMV RXPUMJHG LP PRRN XS MUPV MJMLQ against France.

In November 1803, they defeated the last of the

French forces.

In 1804, they declared Haiti independent of French rule. Haiti became the 1st country in Latin America to break free of European imperialism.

Bolivar was a wealthy Venezuelan Criollo who spent many yearV Wraveling Nurope. JOLOH LQ HPMO\ OH GLVŃRYHUHG OLV OLIH·V SXUSRVH PR OLNHUMPH his homeland from European control. In 1810H %ROLYMU·V MUP\ NLŃNV 6SMQLVO JRYHUQRU RXP RI Venezuela In 1811, a new constitution proclaimed Venezuela independent of Spanish rule. 6RRQ MIPHU 6SMQLVO UR\MOLVPV GHIHMPHG POH QHR ŃRXQPU\·V army & Bolivar was forced to flee to New Granada (Colombia).

Bolivar organized a bigger army and marched back inWo VeneYuela. In 1813H %ROLYMU·V MUP\ RRQ PRRN ŃRQPURO RI 9HQH]XHOD

[PDF] Toussaint LOuverture, Simon Bolivar, & Miguel Hidalgo

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