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[PDF] Social Learning Theory - Career Power
It considers that people learn from one another, including such concepts as observational learning, imitation, and modeling Among others Albert Bandura is
[PDF] Social Learning Theory of Albert Bandura
Summary: Bandura's Social Learning Theory posits that people learn from one another, via observation, imitation, and modeling •The theory has often been
[PDF] Social Learning Theory
Albert Bandura's (1960s +) Social Learning Theory – aka Social Cognitive Theory ? Put the “person” back into personality
[PDF] Social Learning Theory
Psychology Review, 84, 191-215 Bandura, A Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1986
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[PDF] Social Learning Theory
Apply specific social learning theories to the medical education context – Social learning theory (Bandura) Social Cognitive Theory • Albert Bandura
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Albert Bandura abandoned the psychoanalytic and drive features of the approach, emphasizing instead cognitive and information- processing capacities that
[PDF] Topic 4: Learning Theories - Physics & Maths Tutor
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[PDF] Social Learning Theory
Learning Theory from notes on Ormond's Human Learning Social learning theory focuses on the learning that occurs within a social context modeling Among others Albert Bandura is considered the leading proponent of this theory
[PDF] Social Learning Theory
“One difficulty with many learning theories is their almost Bandura's biggest contribution to learning theory: – New patterns of behavior can be acquired Summary ○ We acquire, maintain, and modify behaviors that we see others perform
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26400_1015679649_Social_Learning_Theory.pdf Social
Learning
Theory
Social Learning Theory
"One difficulty with many learning theories is their almost exclusive emphasis on the processes of acquisition of behavior and performance, and their almost total neglect of the content of personality" ~Julian Rotter, 1972Radical Behaviorism
Pros and Cons
Pros: "Scientific" -Deals with observable, measurable phenomena -Rigorous methodology Con: Ignores the things that make humans "human" -Cognitions -Emotions -"Free Will"Therefore....
Albert Bandura's (1960s +) SocialLearning Theory
-aka SocialCognitive Theory
Put the "person" back into personalityTheoretical Foundations of
Social Learning Theory
Psychodynamic explanations of behavior are flawed -They are based on inferreddrives/needs/etc., which cannot be tested -They ignore consciouscognitions -They ignore situational influences Radical behaviorism is flawed -It ignores cognition and emotion (Rotter's "content of personality") e.g., Assumes that actual reinforcementis necessary for learning to occur e.g., Rejects free willBandura's Triadic Model of
Reciprocal Determinism
Environmental
Influences
Personal Factors
(beliefs, expectations, self-perceptions)Overt
Behavior
Beyond Reinforcement 1
External reinforcement isn't the only way in which behavior is acquired, maintained, or altered We can also learn by observing, reading, or hearing aboutothers' behavior -We develop anticipated consequencesfor our behaviors Even for behaviors we're never engaged in -Our cognitive abilities give us the capability for insight and foresightBeyond Reinforcement 2
Bandura's biggest contribution to learning theory: -New patterns of behavior can be acquired in the absence of external reinforcement -We can pay attention to what others do, and repeat their actions i.e., We learn through observation, rather than through direct reinforcementSelf-Regulation and Cognition
We can exercise control over our behavior through self-regulation -We are not slaves to environmental influences -We have free will Cognition allows us to use previous experiences, rather than trial-and-error, to foresee probable consequences of our acts, and behave accordingly Self-regulation allows us to choose behaviors that help us to avoid punishments and move towards long-term goalsThe Rest of Today's Lecture
Learning through modeling -Theory -Experimental evidence Bobo doll studies -Implications Media use and violence Interacting with the environment and meeting long-term goals -Self-regulation theoryModeling
We learn much of what we do through observing and speaking with others ("models"), rather than through personal experience We form a cognitive image of how to perform certain behaviors through modeling, and use this image as a guide for later behaviorsBasic Processes of
Observational Learning 1
1. Attentional Processes
(attend to and accurately perceive model's behavior)2. Retention Processes
(remember the model's behavior)Basic Processes of
Observational Learning 2
3. Motor Reproduction Processes
(translate symbolically coded memories of the model's behavior into new response patterns)4. Motivational Processes
(if positive reinforcement is potentially available, enact the modeled behavior)Reinforcement in
Observational Learning
Types of Reinforcement
Vicarious reinforcement -Vicarious positive reinforcement -Vicarious punishment Self-reinforcement -Reward or punish self for meeting or failing to meet own standardsEmpirical Evidence of
Observational Learning
Children who see an adult behave aggressively might view that aggressive behavior as a positive thing (i.e., expect positive reinforcement of some type for that behavior), and therefore might imitate that aggressive behavior -Bandura & Huston, 1961 Children imitate a model's aggressive behavior in the presence of the model -Bandura, Ross, & Ross, 1961 Children imitate a model's aggressive behavior in a new setting, away from the model -Bandura, Ross, & Ross, 1963 Will children imitate a film-model's aggressive behavior?Bandura et al., 1961
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 model rewarded model punished boysgirls Children watch model behave aggressively withBobo doll
Then model is either rewarded or punished Then children are frustrated, and allowed access to a room with toys, including a Bobo doll Do the children imitate the model's behavior?Bandura et al., 1963
Subjects
48 boys and 48 girls attending Stanford UNursery School
Mean age 4.3 years Ss are matched across experimental groups for degree of aggressive behavior shown in nursery school interactionExposure to an
aggressive model (4 conditions)1.Observe an adult model
behave aggressive2.Observe same adult model
and same behaviors, but on film3.Observe same behaviors
performed by a cartoon character4.Control group (no
observations)Response measures
1.Total aggression
2.Imitative aggression
3.Partially imitative
responses Mallet aggression Sitting on the Bobo doll4.Nonimitative
aggression Aggressive gun playBandura et al. Results 1:
Total Aggression
Female
MaleFemaleMale
Real life modelFilm model
Cartoon
ModelNo Model
Control
GirlsBoys
Bandura et al. Results 2:
Imitative Aggression
FemaleMaleFemaleMale
Real life modelFilm model
CartoonControl
GirlsBoys
Bandura et al. Results 3:
Partially Imitative Responses
FMFMReal lifeFilm
CatCntrl
Mallet Aggression
F M F MReal life
Film Cat CntrlSits On Bobo Doll
0 20 4060
80
100
120
140
Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys
Total
Aggression
Imitative
Aggression
Mallet
Aggression
Sit on
Bobo Doll
Real life mode -
Female
Real life model -
MaleFilm model -
Female
Film model -
MaleCartoon
Control
Implications:
Eron & Heusmann, 1985
0 10 20 3040
50