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Bioengineeringȱ

ClemsonȱUniversity'sȱDepartmentȱofȱBioengineeringȱhasȱbeenȱwidelyȱrecognizedȱasȱaȱ

pioneerȱinȱtheȱfieldȱofȱbiomaterialsȱscienceȱandȱengineeringȱandȱisȱrenownedȱforȱitsȱleadershipȱ

inȱbiomaterialsȱresearchȱandȱeducation.ȱOneȱofȱtheȱoldestȱinȱtheȱworld,ȱClemson'sȱ

bioengineeringȱprogramȱbeganȱinȱ1963ȱwithȱtheȱinceptionȱofȱaȱDoctorȱof

ȱPhilosophy.ȱAȱMasterȱ

ofȱScienceȱwasȱaddedȱinȱ1966ȱandȱaȱBachelorȱofȱScienceȱinȱ2006.ȱȱ

Clemson'sȱbioengineeringȱresearchȱemphasesȱareȱbiomaterials,ȱbiomechanics,ȱ

bioinstrumentationȱandȱcellularȱbiology,ȱparticularlyȱforȱorthopaedicȱandȱcardiovascularȱ

applicationsȱamongȱothers.ȱResearchȱprojectsȱlieȱinȱtheȱfollowingȱareas:ȱinȬvivoȱperformanceȱofȱ

biomaterials;ȱbiologicalȱresponseȱtoȱ implantedȱbiomaterials;ȱbiomechanicsȱofȱtissue,ȱimplantsȱ

andȱtheȱtissue/implantȱinterface;ȱwearȱandȱlubricationȱofȱjoints;ȱspinalȱmechanics;ȱvisualizationȱ

techniques;ȱCAD/CAMȬbasedȱcustomȱprosthesesȱdesign;ȱandȱbiomolecularȱmodeling.ȱ

ClemsonȱUniversityȱmaintainsȱfullyȱstaffedȱprofessionalȱmachineȱandȱelectricalȱshops,ȱ

electronȱmicroscopyȱfacilities,ȱmaintenanceȱshopsȱandȱaȱcomputerȱnetworkȱgroup.ȱTheȱ

Universityȱlibrariesȱprovide

ȱupȬtoȬdateȱreferenceȱsupportȱforȱresearchȱprograms,ȱincludingȱfreeȱ

onlineȱelectronicȱjournalsȱandȱliteratureȱsearchȱsupport.ȱEnhancedȱvideoconferencingȱ

capabilitiesȱallowȱeaseȱofȱcommunicationȱbetweenȱcampuses.ȱStudentsȱenrolledȱatȱClemsonȱandȱ

MUSCȱcanȱtakeȱadvantageȱofȱthisȱjointȱresearchȬtrainingȱprogram.ȱStudentsȱcanȱpursueȱaȱB.S.ȱinȱ

bioengineering,ȱaȱjointȱ M.D.ȱ/Ph.D.ȱorȱD.M.D.ȱPh.D.ȱwithȱtheȱPh.D.ȱinȱbioengineeringȱfromȱ ClemsonȱandȱtheȱM.D.ȱorȱD.M.D.ȱfromȱMUSC.ȱȱȱ

TheȱDepartmentȱoffersȱampleȱinstructionalȱandȱlaboratoryȱfacilities,ȱwhichȱareȱallȱfunctionalȱandȱ

wellȱequippedȱtoȱmeetȱtheȱeducationalȱgoalsȱofȱourȱstudents.ȱȱ B

IOENGINEERINGȱRESEARCHȱCENTERSȱ

CenterofBiomedicalResearchExcellence"SouthCarolinaBioengineeringCenterforRegenerationand

FormationofTissues(BioCRAFT)"AnȱNIHȱCOBREȱfundedȱinȱOctoberȱofȱ2009,ȱBioCRAFTȱpromotesȱ

researchȱofȱtreatmentsȱforȱhumanȱdiseasesȱbyȱfosteringȱinterdisciplinaryȱcollaborationsȱamongȱ

researchersȱandȱenhancingȱinterdependentȱintellectualȱcapitalȱandȱresourcesȱinȱSouthȱCarolina.ȱ

Objectivesȱareȱ

toȱfindȱtreatmentsȱforȱhumanȱdiseasesȱbyȱfosteringȱinterdisciplinaryȱ

collaborationsȱamongȱresearchersȱandȱenhancingȱinterdependentȱintellectualȱcapitalȱandȱ

resourcesȱwithinȱtheȱstate.ȱTheȱcenterȱcomprehensivelyȱmentorsȱtargetȱinvestigatorsȱtowardȱ

independenceȱasȱNIHȬfundedȱresearchersȱinȱregenerativeȱmedicineȱandȱrecruitsȱoutstandingȱ

juniorȱandȱseniorȱinvestigatorsȱinȱregenerativeȱmedicine.ȱTheȱmainȱcoresȱofȱtheȱcenterȱareȱinȱ

MaterialsȱSynthesis,ȱCharacterization,ȱandȱTesting,ȱCellȱandȱMolecularȱEngineering,ȱHistologyȱ

andȱImaging.ȱȱ

Coresȱ

MaterialsȱandȱSynthesisȱCharacterizationȱȱ

Dr.ȱRobertȱLatour,ȱDirector;ȱDr.ȱMartineȱLaBerge,ȱCoȬDirector;ȱȱDr.ȱGulyaȱKorneva,ȱResearchȱ

Asst,ȱLabȱManager;ȱȱ

TheȱMaterialsȱSynthesis,ȱCharacterizationȱandȱTestingȱCoreȱsupportȱtheȱcharacterizationȱandȱ

analysisȱofȱbiomaterialsȱandȱimplantsȱdevelopedȱbyȱSCBioMatȱresearchers,ȱfromȱtheȱnanoscaleȱ

toȱtheȱmicroscale.ȱTheȱcoreȱconsistsȱofȱthreeȱareasȱofȱprimaryȱfocus,ȱorȱthrusts:ȱDesignȱandȱ

SynthesisȱofȱMaterials;ȱChemicalȱandȱSurfaceȱCharacterization;ȱMechanicalȱTesting.ȱ

Theȱlaboratoryȱhasȱtheȱfollowingȱequipment.ȱȱ

Spectropolarimeterȱ(JascoȱJȬ810):ȱMeasuresȱtheȱcircularȱdichroismȱ(CD)ȱandȱopticalȱrotaryȱ

dispersionȱ(ORD)ȱofȱtheȱsample.ȱ LightȱSource:ȱ150WȱXeȱarcȱlampȱ(N2ȱcooled)ȱ Specifications:ȱWavelengthȱrangeȱfromȱ163ȱtoȱ900ȱnmȱ

Accessories:ȱPeltierȱtypeȱtemperatureȱcontrollerȱJascoȱPFDȬ425S;ȱAutomatedȱpHȱtitratorȱJascoȱ

ATSȬ429S.ȱ

Applications:ȱ

Allowsȱverificationȱofȱtheȱchiralityȱofȱmoleculesȱorȱcompounds;ȱ

Estimatesȱfractionsȱofȱeachȱdifferentȱconformationȱinȱproteinȱstructureȱviaȱavailableȱ

software;ȱ Forȱstudyingȱtheȱconformationalȱchangesȱofȱmoleculesȱwithȱtemperature;ȱ ForȱVerifyingȱthatȱtheȱproteinȱisȱinȱitsȱnativeȱconformation;ȱ Proteinȱfoldingȱstudies;ȱandȱpurity ȱtestingȱofȱopticallyȱactiveȱsubstances.ȱ RefractiveȱIndexȱAnalysisȱInstrumentȱAR700ȱ(Reichert)ȱ TemperatureȱControlledȱȱAutomaticȱRefractometerȱ

Specifications:ȱReadingȱrangeȱofȱ1.33000ȱtoȱ1.60000ȱRefractiveȱIndicesȱandȱtheȱfullȱBrixȱscale.ȱ

Precision:ȱtoȱ0.01ȱBrixȱorȱ0.00001ȱRIȱ

Applications:ȱMeasuresȱrefractiveȱindexȱofȱtransparent,ȱtranslucent,ȱandȱopaqueȱliquids.ȱ

OpticalȱContactȬAngleȱGoniometerȱDSAȬ20Eȱ(Krüss)ȱ Aȱvideoȱcameraȱbasedȱfullyȱcomputerȱcontrolledȱcontactȱangleȱmeter.ȱ

Applications:ȱȱ

Determinationȱofȱstaticȱandȱdynamicȱcontactȱangleȱmeasurements;ȱ Determinationȱofȱsurfaceȱandȱinterfacialȱtensionȱofȱliquids;ȱ Determinationȱadsorptionȱandȱwettingȱ Determinationȱautomaticallyȱmeasuredȱsurfaceȱfreeȱenergyȱofȱsolids.ȱ VariableȬangleȱSpectroscopicȱEllipsometerȱGESȱ5ȱ(SopraȱInc)ȱ

Spectroscopicȱellipsometryȱ(SE)ȱisȱaȱnonȬcontact,ȱnonȬdestructiveȱopticalȱtechnique.ȱ

Features:ȱThicknessȱmeasured:ȱfromȱmonoatomicȱtoȱseveralȱmicronsȱthick.ȱTheȱbeamȱsize:ȱ1ȱ

mm2ȱandȱ10ȱmm2.ȱ

Theȱvariableȱangles:ȱfromȱ7ºȱtoȱ90ºȱwithȱvariableȱ+/Ȭȱ0.01º;ȱspectralȱrangeȱ200ȱnmȱtoȱ800ȱnmȱ

Applications:ȱ

Measuresȱmaterialȱrefractiveȱindices;ȱ Layerȱthicknessesȱofȱthinȱfilmȱlayersȱonȱflatȱsubstrates;ȱandȱ

Upȱtoȱ7ȱlayersȱcanȱbeȱanalyzedȱinȱtermsȱofȱthicknessȱandȱopticalȱcharacteristicsȱforȱeachȱ

layer.ȱ

FlameȱAtomicȱAbsorptionȱSpectrophotometerȱȬȱAAnalystȱ200ȱInstrumentsȱ(PerkinȱElmer)ȱ

Specifications:ȱWavelengthȱrangeȱfromȱ189ȱtoȱ900ȱnm.ȱ

Applications:ȱForȱdeterminingȱveryȱpreciselyȱtheȱconcentrationȱofȱaȱparticularȱelementȱinȱaȱ

liquidȱsample,ȱcanȱdetectȱfromȱ1ȱtoȱ1000ȱΐg/L.ȱForȱeachȱelement,ȱtheȱspecificȱlampȱisȱrequired.ȱ

Ca,ȱCu,ȱandȱFeȱlampsȱareȱavailable.ȱȱ

Theȱlistȱofȱlamps/elementsȱforȱanalysisȱonȱAAnalystȱ200ȱcanȱbeȱfoundȱonȱ

https://www.vwrcanlab.com/programs/equipment/pdf/Model%20AAnalyst%20200%20Spectro meters.pdf.ȱ BiAcoreXȱSurfaceȱPlasmonȱResonanceȱSpectrometerȱBiacoreȱXȱspectrometerȱȱ

Biacoreȱisȱaȱmethodologyȱforȱmeasuringȱtheȱinteractionsȱmostlyȱbetweenȱproteins,ȱinȱrealȱtimeȱ

usingȱtheȱphenomenonȱofȱsurfaceȱplasmonȱresonanceȱ(SPR),ȱandȱpermitsȱtheȱstudyȱofȱ

interactionsȱbetweenȱnucleicȱacids,ȱlipids,ȱsmallȱmolecules,ȱandȱwholeȱcells.ȱȱ ȱ

Specifications:ȱ

TwoȱFlowȱcellȱcapability;ȱ Temperatureȱregulationȱfromȱ4ȱtoȱ40oC;ȱ Flowȱratesȱ1Ȭ100ΐL/min,ȱstepsȱofȱ1ȱΐL;ȱ

Requiredȱsampleȱvolume:ȱinjectionȱvolumeȱ(minimumȱ5ȱΐLȱ+20ȱΐl);ȱ

Molecularȱweightȱdetection:ȱ>180ȱDa;ȱ Refractiveȱindexȱrangeȱfromȱ1.33ȱtoȱ1.40;ȱandȱ

Sensitivity:ȱ70000ȱRU*,ȱwhereȱRU,ȱresonanceȱunits,ȱ1RUȱ=ȱ1ȱpg/mm2ȱofȱsensorȱsurface.ȱ

Applications:ȱ

Kineticsȱofȱbinding;ȱ Solutionȱaffinity;ȱ Steadyȱstateȱaffinity;ȱ Yes/Noȱbinding;ȱ Ligandȱfishing;ȱ Affinityȱranking;ȱ Proteinȱconcentrationȱassays;ȱ Proteinȱpercentȱactivityȱassays;ȱandȱ Thermodynamics.ȱ MaterialsȱTestingȱSystemȱ(MTS)ȱSynergieȱ100ȱ

Applications:ȱTensile,ȱFlex,ȱPeel/Tear,ȱStrain,ȱandȱCompressionȱtestȱmethods.ȱ

Specifications:ȱ

Loadingsȱavailableȱareȱ10ȱNȱ(2ȱlbf)ȱandȱ100ȱNȱ(22.5ȱlbf);ȱ Speedȱrangeȱfromȱ0.001ȱtoȱ1000ȱmm/minȱ(0.00004Ȭ39ȱin/min);ȱ Maxȱspecimenȱthicknessȱforȱgrips:ȱ13ȱmmȱ(0.5ȱin);ȱandȱȱ

50ȱmmȱ(2.0ȱinch)ȱdiameterȱlightweightȱcompressionȱplatens.ȱFaceȱset,ȱ25x25ȱmmȱrubber,ȱ

forȱ100/2000ȱadvantageȱpneumaticȱandȱscrewȱactionȱgrips.ȱ

HPLC/GPCȱSystemȱ(Waters)ȱ

Applications:ȱhighȱresolutionȱseparationȱandȱpurification.ȱ

Features:ȱBinaryȱGradientȱPumpingȱSystemFlowȱRateȱRange:ȱ0ȱtoȱ10ȱml/min;ȱmaxȱoperatingȱ

pressure:ȱ6000ȱpsi.ȱ,ȱAutosamplerȱLoopȱVolumes:ȱ100ȱandȱ500ȱΐl.,ȱPhotodiodeȱArrayȱDetectorȱ

(WavelengthȱRangeȱfromȱ190ȱtoȱ800ȱnmȱwithȱ1.2ȱnmȱresolutionȱwithȱwavelengthȱaccuracy:ȱ±ȱ1ȱ

nm);ȱRefractiveȱIndexȱDetectorȱ(RefractiveȱIndexȱRange:ȱ1.00ȱtoȱ1.75ȱRIUȱwithȱtemperatureȱ

controlȱfromȱ30ȱtoȱ55oC);ȱColumnȱHeaterȱ(TemperatureȱRangeȱfromȱ20oCȱtoȱ60oC,ȱwithȱ

temperatureȱaccuracyȱofȱ±0.8oC;ȱColumnȱCapacityȱofȱupȱtoȱfourȱ7.8ȱmmȱxȱ300ȱmmȱcolumns);ȱ

FractionȱCollectorȱ(MethodsȱofȱOperation:ȱtime,ȱdropȱcount,ȱdropȱvolume,ȱsignal).ȱȱ

ExpandedȱPlasmaȱSurfaceȱTreatmentȱUnitȱPDCȬ001ȱ(HarrickȱPlasma)ȱ

Features:ȱ

ExpandedȱPyrexȱplasmaȱchamberȱ6Ȟdiameterȱxȱ6.5Ȟȱlengthȱ(15.24cmȱx16.51ȱcm);ȱ

PlasmaFloȱgasȱmixer;ȱandȱ Oxygenȱserviceȱpump.ȱȱ

ElectrophysiologyȱLabȱ(204ȱRhodes)ȱ

TheȱElectrophysiologyȱLaboratoryȱisȱequippedȱforȱpatchȱclampȱanalysis,ȱandȱisȱassociatedȱwithȱ

theȱcellȱcultureȱlaboratoryȱinȱ206ȱRhodesȱwhichȱpreparesȱlivingȱcellsȱforȱphysiologyȱtests.ȱȱ

Cell,ȱTissue,ȱandȱMolecularȱAnalysisȱCoreȱ

MolecularȱBiologyDr.ȱRickȱVisconti,ȱDr.ȱDanȱSimionescu,ȱDr.ȱShibnathȱGhatakȱ

HistologyȱandȱAdvancedȱImaging:ȱDr.ȱTerriȱBruce,ȱCoȬDirector;ȱȱLindaȱJenkins,ȱChadȱMcMahan,ȱ

Dr.ȱBruceȱGaoȱȱ

StemȱCellȱBiology:ȱDr.ȱCarolȱBrenner,ȱCoȬDirector;ȱDr.ȱDanȱSimionescuȱ

Cell,ȱtissue,ȱandȱmolecularȱbiologyȱtechniquesȱareȱtheȱcornerstoneȱofȱbiomedicalȱresearchȱandȱ

regenerativeȱmedicineȱendeavors.ȱAȱmajorȱobstacleȱforȱjuniorȱfacultyȱisȱlackȱofȱstateȬofȬtheȬartȱ

facilitiesȱandȱspecializedȱexpertiseȱcommonlyȱfoundȱinȱstatesȱwithȱmajorȱNIHȱfunding.ȱThisȱ

oftenȱhindersȱtheȱgenerationȱofȱpreliminaryȱdataȱnecessaryȱtoȱbeȱcompetitiveȱforȱNIHȱR01ȱ

grants.ȱInȱtheȱStateȱofȱSouthȱCarolina,ȱthereȱareȱseveralȱstrongȱfacilitiesȱandȱsuccessfulȱ

investigatorsȱwhoȱhaveȱreceivedȱgenerousȱNIHȱfundingȱandȱhaveȱgainedȱsignificantȱtissue,ȱcell,ȱ

andȱmolecularȱexpertise.ȱHowever,ȱjuniorȱfacultyȱinȱSCȱhaveȱnotȱbenefitedȱoptimallyȱfromȱtheseȱ

opportunities.ȱToȱcloseȱthisȱgap,ȱweȱdevelopedȱtheȱCell,ȱTissueȱandȱMolecularȱAnalysisȱCoreȱ

(CTMAȱcore)ȱtoȱbeȱaffiliatedȱwithȱSCȱBioCRAFT.ȱȱ 1

AfterȱconferringȱwithȱtheȱPIȱofȱtheȱCOBREȱproposalȱandȱtheȱfiveȱtargetedȱPIs,ȱweȱhaveȱ

identifiedȱthreeȱthrustsȱthatȱwillȱserveȱtheȱneedsȱofȱallȱourȱCOBREȱprojects:ȱ1)ȱmolecularȱ

biology,ȱ2)ȱhistologyȱandȱadvancedȱimaging,ȱandȱ3)ȱstemȱcellȱbiology.ȱOutstandingȱfacilitiesȱandȱ

labsȱdirectedȱbyȱexpertȱinvestigatorsȱinȱtheseȱthreeȱthrustsȱhaveȱbeenȱidentifiedȱandȱbroughtȱ

togetherȱtoȱserveȱtheȱneedsȱofȱCOBREȱPIsȱandȱthoseȱofȱotherȱinvestigatorsȱinȱtheȱStateȱofȱSouthȱ

CarolinaȱinȱCTMAȱcore.ȱAreasȱofȱexpertiseȱinȱthisȱcoreȱincludeȱregenerativeȱmedicine,ȱgeneȱandȱ

proteinȱexpressionȱandȱmanipulation,ȱadultȱandȱinducedȱstemȱcells,ȱandȱadvancedȱhistology,ȱ

electronȱmicroscopy,ȱandȱbiophotonics.ȱTheȱCoreȱwillȱprovideȱsupportȱtoȱdevelopȱideas,ȱ

overcomeȱtechnicalȱchallenges,ȱandȱleadȱtheȱtargetedȱprojectsȱtowardsȱsignificantȱoutcomesȱasȱ

outlinedȱinȱtheȱfollowingȱspecificȱaims:ȱ

SpecificȱAimȱ1ȱ-ȱToȱpromoteȱandȱfacilitateȱadvancedȱmolecularȱbiologyȱ

researchȱ

Twoȱmainȱresearchȱfacilities,ȱtheȱRegenerativeȱMedicineȱLaboratoryȱinȱClemsonȱ

andȱtheȱSignalȱTransductionȱFacilityȱatȱMUSC,ȱareȱfullyȱfunctionalȱandȱwillȱ

provideȱunlimitedȱexpertiseȱwithȱgeneȱandȱproteinȱexpression,ȱsilencing,ȱ

transfection,ȱtraditionalȱbiochemistryȱassays,ȱsignalȱtransduction,ȱandȱtargetingȱ

nanoparticles.ȱAdditionalȱexpertiseȱandȱservicesȱinȱcellȱsorting,ȱmicroarrays,ȱ

molecularȱengineering,ȱproteogenomicsȱandȱbioinformaticsȱareȱavailableȱfromȱ

collaboratingȱP30ȱMUSCȱCOBREȱcores.ȱTogether,ȱtheseȱfacilities,ȱoperatedȱandȱ

supportedȱbyȱClemsonȱUniversityȱandȱMUSC,ȱareȱfullyȱequipped,ȱhaveȱ

impressiveȱpotential,ȱandȱareȱreadyȱtoȱserveȱtheȱSCȱCOBREȱinvestigatorsȱandȱ

othersȱthroughoutȱtheȱstate.ȱ

SpecificȱAimȱ2ȱ-ȱToȱprovideȱhistologyȱandȱadvancedȱimagingȱexpertiseȱandȱ

supportȱȱ

ManyȱofȱtheȱresearchȱquestionsȱposedȱbyȱtheȱCOBREȱinvestigatorsȱwillȱrequireȱ

histologyȱandȱadvancedȱmicroscopyȱtoȱanswer.ȱTheȱabilityȱtoȱvisualizeȱtheȱ

subcellularȱlocationsȱofȱbiomoleculesȱandȱorganellesȱwillȱbeȱcrucialȱtoȱtheseȱ

researchersȱasȱtheyȱstriveȱtoȱengineerȱtranslatableȱsolutionsȱtoȱchallengingȱtissueȱ

engineeringȱproblems.ȱTheȱhistologyȱandȱmicroscopyȱfacilitiesȱwillȱprovideȱtheȱ

toolsȱinvestigatorsȱneedȱandȱwillȱfosterȱaȱcollaborativeȱenvironmentȱthatȱ

introduceȱtheȱnewestȱtechniquesȱinȱhistologyȱandȱadvancedȱimaging.ȱ

SpecificȱAimȱ3ȱ-ȱToȱenhanceȱadultȱandȱinducedȱstemȱcellȱresearchȱcapabilitiesȱȱ

Stemȱcellȱresearchȱfacilities,ȱsuchȱasȱtheȱLaboratoryȱforȱRegenerativeȱMedicineȱ

andȱtheȱStemȱCellȱInstitute,ȱwillȱprovideȱexpertiseȱwithȱderivation,ȱ

characterizationȱandȱdifferentiationȱofȱinducedȱpluripotentȱstemȱcellsȱandȱadultȱ

stemȱcells,ȱandȱinȱvivoȱtracking,ȱinȱcollaborationȱwithȱtheȱBioengineeringȱCore.ȱ

Sinceȱstemȱcellsȱareȱsuchȱanȱimportantȱtoolȱforȱregenerativeȱmedicine,ȱallȱ

targetedȱinvestigatorsȱwillȱbeȱencouragedȱtoȱlearnȱaboutȱthemȱandȱconsiderȱ

waysȱtoȱemployȱthemȱinȱfutureȱgrantȱapplications.ȱTheȱlaboratoryȱpersonnelȱareȱ

highlyȱqualifiedȱinȱtheȱfield,ȱandȱtheȱlabsȱareȱfullyȱequippedȱandȱfunctionalȱandȱ

readyȱtoȱhelpȱtheȱtargetedȱPIs.ȱTheȱStemȱCellȱInstituteȱandȱClemsonȱUniversity,ȱ

respectively,ȱoperate,ȱsupportȱandȱmaintainȱtheȱcoreȱfacilities.ȱTheȱproposedȱ

coreȱwillȱgreatlyȱenhanceȱresearchȱcapabilitiesȱandȱmostȱsignificantlyȱadvanceȱ

theȱpotentialȱforȱregenerativeȱmedicineȱresearchȱwithinȱSouthȱCarolina.ȱWhileȱ

COBREȱtraineesȱwillȱbeȱtheȱprimaryȱbeneficiariesȱandȱpriorityȱusersȱofȱthisȱ

facilityȱatȱnoȱcost,ȱthisȱcoreȱwillȱalsoȱsupportȱtheȱresearchȱprogramsȱofȱfacultyȱ

membersȱatȱcollaboratingȱinstitutionsȱthroughoutȱtheȱentireȱstate.ȱ ȱ T HEȱINSTITUTEȱFORȱBIOLOGICALȱINTERFACESȱOFȱENGINEERINGȱ(IBIOE)ȱ

DirectedȱbyȱDr.ȱKarenȱBurg,ȱIBIOEȱisȱaȱSouthȱCarolinaȬbasedȱinterdisciplinaryȱresearchȱandȱ

educationalȱinstitutionȱdevotedȱtoȱtheȱdevelopmentȱofȱclinicallyȱrelevantȱbiomaterialsȱ

technologyȱandȱproductsȱforȱdiseaseȱmanagementȱandȱtheȱtransferȱofȱthisȱtechnologyȱforȱpatientȱ

careȱthroughȱleadingȱbiomaterialsȬrelatedȱeducation,ȱresearchȱandȱtrainingȱinȱadvancedȱ

biomaterials,ȱhumanȱcenteredȱelectronicȱcollaboration,ȱtissueȱfabrication,ȱandȱtissueȱtestȱ

systems.ȱIBIOEȱhasȱfiveȱgoalsȱȱ

1. Disseminateȱcuttingȱedgeȱbiomaterialsȱtechnologiesȱinternationally;ȱ

2. Developȱanȱinternationally

ȱrecognizedȱ"goȱto"ȱelectronicȱresearchȱandȱtrainingȱ

collaboratoryȱtoȱfacilitateȱsurgeonȬresearcherȱinteractionsȱandȱexpediteȱtheȱtranslationȱofȱ

advancedȱtechnologiesȱtoȱtheȱclinic;ȱ

3. Immerseȱstudents/medicalȱresidentsȱinȱaȱtechnicallyȱdiverseȱenvironmentȱtoȱhoneȱtechnical,ȱ

entrepreneurial,ȱcommunication,ȱleadershipȱandȱteamworkȱskills;ȱ

4. MaximizeȱeconomicȱdevelopmentȱforȱSCȱthroughȱtheȱestablishmentȱ

ofȱanȱinternationallyȱ recognizedȱMedicalȱResearchȱCenterȱwithȱindustrialȱpartners;ȱ

5. Establishȱaȱmodelȱrecruitmentȱandȱprofessionalȱdevelopmentȱprogramȱtoȱhelpȱ

economicallyȱdisadvantagedȱSouthȱCarolinaȱfindȱhigherȱeducationȱandȱinquiry/teamȬbasedȱ

researchȱopportunities.ȱ

IBIOEȱhasȱreceivedȱ5ȱmillionȱinȱfundingȱfromȱtheȱAvonȱWalkȱforȱBreastȱCancerȱ($195,000);ȱaȱ

$2MȱNational

ȱScienceȱFoundationȱ(NSF)ȱawardȱ(oneȱoutȱofȱonlyȱ12ȱawardedȱnationally;ȱandȱaȱ

$2.9MȱDepartmentȱofȱDefenseȱawardȱ(oneȱoutȱofȱonlyȱ9ȱawardedȱnationally).ȱOngoingȱTrainingȱ

InitiativesȱincludeȱSCȱLifeȱTeacherȱTraining,ȱBostonȱMuseumȱofȱScienceȱTeacherȱTraining,ȱCallȱ

MeȱDoctor,™ȱandȱpartnershipsȱwithȱminorityȱengineering/scienceȱdoctoralȱfellowsȱwithȱ

educationȱstudentsȱtoȱbringȱcuttingȱedgeȱscience/engineeringȱconceptsȱtoȱtheȱclassroom.ȱ

LabȱCapabilities

ȱ

CUȬBBTF:

ȱBIOMEDICALȱANDȱBIOENGINEERINGȱTRANSLATIONALȱRESEARCHȱFACILITYȱ

TheȱCUȬBBTFȱfocusesȱonȱtranslationalȱresearch,ȱorȱ"researchȱthatȱbringsȱdiscoveryȱdirectlyȱfromȱ

theȱbenchȱtoȱpracticalȱapplicationsȱinȱpatients."ȱTheȱNationalȱInstitutesȱofȱHealthȱ(NIH)ȱ

providesȱaȱclearȱmessageȱtoȱtheȱcommunityȱinȱitsȱroadȱmapȱaboutȱtheȱimportanceȱofȱ

translationalȱresearchȱforȱtheȱbenefitȱofȱhealthȱcare.ȱ AccordingȱtoȱtheȱNationalȱInstitutesȱofȱ

Health,ȱ"Translationalȱresearchȱhasȱprovenȱtoȱbeȱaȱpowerfulȱprocessȱthatȱdrivesȱtheȱclinicalȱ

researchȱengine."ȱTargetedȱresearchȱareasȱincludeȱsurgicalȱtherapies,ȱcardiovascularȱscienceȱandȱ

engineering,ȱorthopaedicȱperformanceȱandȱbiomechanics,ȱregenerativeȱmedicine,ȱtissueȱ

engineering,ȱadvancedȱsurgicalȱtechnologiesȱandȱdrugȱdevelopment.ȱTheȱprogramȱisȱsupportedȱ

byȱaȱstructuredȱclinicalȱtrialȱprogramȱandȱdataȱmanagementȱresourcesȱatȱGHSȱtoȱcreateȱandȱ

nurtureȱaȱcadreȱofȱwellȱtrainedȱinvestigatorsȱandȱleadersȱwhoȱcanȱdevelop,ȱimplementȱandȱ

marketȱinnovativeȱscientific

ȱandȱtechnologicalȱknowledge.ȱ

B

IOENGINEERINGȱLABORATORIESȱ

BiocompatibilityȱandȱTissueȱRegenerationȱLaboratoryȱ(Rhodesȱ507ȱandȱ514)ȱ

TheȱBTRL,ȱcoordinatedȱbyȱDr.ȱDanȱSimionescu,ȱisȱchargedȱwithȱtheȱmissionȱtoȱprovideȱviableȱ

solutionsȱtoȱtreatmentȱofȱdegenerativeȱdiseases,ȱspecificallyȱfocusingȱonȱtheȱcardiovascularȱandȱ

orthopedicȱsystems.ȱFoundedȱinȱ2006,ȱtheȱpurposeȱofȱBTRLȱisȱtoȱunderstandȱcellularȱandȱ

molecularȱmechanismsȱofȱpathologicalȱscenarios,ȱinȱwhichȱforȱmostȱdegenerativeȱdiseasesȱ

surgicalȱreplacementȱisȱtheȱonlyȱoption.ȱȱSpecifically,ȱtheȱlabȱseeksȱtoȱȱ

•ȱUnderstandȱtheȱbasicsȱofȱbiocompatibilityȱatȱtheȱmolecularȱlevelȱandȱdevelopmentȱofȱ

advanced,ȱcompatibleȱbiomaterialsȱtoȱbeȱusedȱinȱtissueȱrepairȱorȱasȱreplacementȱartificialȱ

tissuesȱandȱorgans ȱ

•ȱCreateȱbioengineeringȱapproachesȱforȱregenerationȱofȱdiseasedȱtissuesȱusingȱadultȱstemȱ

cellsȱandȱnaturalȱscaffoldsȱ

•ȱImplementȱresearchȱfindingsȱandȱnovelȱscaffoldȬbasedȱtherapiesȱintoȱpatientȬtailoredȱ

regenerativeȱmedicine.ȱȱȱȱ

Scaffoldȱpreparationȱandȱdesign,ȱcellȱculturing,ȱbiochemistry,ȱbioreactorȱdesignȱandȱtestingȱ

Undergraduatesȱlearnȱimplantȱcompatibilityȱandȱregenerativeȱmedicineȱbyȱ combiningȱinputȱ

fromȱtheȱclinicalȱsettingȱwithȱbasicȱbiomedicalȱknowledgeȱandȱengineeringȱprinciplesȱtoȱ

improveȱperformancesȱofȱcurrentlyȱavailableȱmedicalȱdevices,ȱandȱdevelopȱnovelȱregenerativeȱ

treatments.ȱȱ

Equipment

ȱ CO2ȱincubatorsȱ(COȱ170ȱ-ȱNewȱBrunswickȱScientific)ȱ ClassȱA2ȱVacuumȱHoodȱ(1387ȱ-ȱThermoȱScientific)ȱ Sterileȱbiologicȱhoodȱ(Deltaȱseriesȱ-ȱlabconco)ȱ

AȱhighȬtechȱ96ȬwellȱplateȱELISAȱreaderȱandȱwasherȱisȱavailableȱtoȱgreatlyȱfacilitateȱ

reproducibleȱassaysȱȱ

Multispeedȱrefrigeratedȱcentrifugeȱreachingȱspeedsȱofȱupȱtoȱ12000ȱrpmȱthatȱhandleȱsmallȱ

volumesȱ(1Ȭ2ȱml)ȱ(11210918ȱIec/ThermoȱShandon)ȱȱ

Refrigeratedȱcentrifugesȱthatȱreachȱ5000ȱrpmȱforȱlargerȱvolumesȱ(upȱto

ȱ50ȱmlȱtubes)ȱ(5804ȱ

-ȱEppendorfȱAG).ȱȱ

Axiovertȱ40ȱCLFȱmicroscopeȱwithȱdigitalȱcamerasȱforȱcellȱculturesȱandȱconventionalȱ

histologyȱ(Axiovertȱ40ȱCFLȬ451212ȱ-Zeiss)ȱ PearȱPhysicaȱModularȱcompactȱrheometerȱMCR300ȱ-ȱPaarȱPhysics)ȱ FisherȱHamiltonȱManifoldȱAssembly/CenterȱStandingȱIslandȱȱ Pipettors,ȱmanualȱ(Eppendorf)ȱandȱdigitalȱ(BrandTech),ȱ includingȱmutichannelȱ

pipettors,ȱdisposableȱplasticȱware,ȱdigitalȱwaterȬbaths,ȱdryȱdigitalȱhybridizationȱovensȱ

forȱtemperatureȬcontrolledȱreactions,ȱbalances,ȱdigitalȱpHȱmeters,ȱhotȱplatesȱandȱ

magneticȱstirrers,ȱhomogenizersȱ Aȱtotalȱofȱsevenȱcomputersȱinȱbothȱlabs.ȱ

BiofluidȱMechanicsȱLaboratoryȱȱ

HeadedȱbyȱDr.ȱRichardȱFigliola,ȱtheȱBiofluidȱMechanicsȱLaboratoryȱisȱlocatedȱin

ȱG07ȱandȱG06ȱofȱ

theȱFluorȱDanielȱEngineeringȱInnovationȱBuilding.ȱTheȱlaboratoryȱisȱequippedȱwithȱseveralȱflowȱ

benches,ȱincludingȱaȱrightȱheartȱcirculationȱsimulatorȱandȱseveralȱmockȱcircuitsȱsimulatingȱtheȱ

circulationȱwithȱsingleȱventricleȱheartȱdefects.ȱSpecialȱequipmentȱincludesȱaȱ6WȱArȬionȱlaser,ȱ150ȱ

mJȱNgȬYagȱpulsedȱlaser,ȱ highȬspeedȱdigitalȱCCDȱcameras,ȱautomatedȱdataȱacquisitionȱsystems,ȱ

andȱbothȱparticleȱimageȱvelocimeterȱandȱlaserȱDopplerȱvelocimeterȱsystemsȱforȱhighȱresolutionȱ

flowȱmeasurements.ȱTheȱlabȱalsoȱmaintainsȱaȱmultipleȱprocessorȱhighȱperformanceȱparallelȱ

computerȱforȱflowȱsimulations.ȱCurrentȱresearchȱinvolvesȱpulmonaryȱprostheticȱvalveȱ

evaluationȱandȱdesign,ȱandȱmultiȬscaleȱmodeling.

ȱȱ

BiomaterialsȱLaboratoryȱ

TheȱLaboratoryȱforȱOrthopaedicȱTissueȱRegenerationȱ&ȱOrthobiologicsȱ(OrthoȱX),ȱunderȱtheȱ

directionȱofȱDr.ȱJeremyȱMercuri,ȱfocusesȱonȱtheȱdevelopmentȱofȱregenerativeȱmedicineȱ

technologiesȱ(includingȱtheȱgenerationȱofȱnovelȱbiomaterialsȱandȱevaluatingȱtheȱapplicationȱofȱ

stemȱcells)ȱtoȱrestoreȱtheȱanatomyȱandȱphysiologyȱofȱdamagedȱorȱdiseasedȱorthopaedicȱtissues.ȱȱ

Projectsȱcurrentlyȱundertakenȱbyȱbothȱgraduateȱandȱundergraduateȱstudentsȱinȱtheȱlabȱ

span the research and development continuum including projects which are short-term and may be directly translatable into clinical application (i.e. biomaterials development and point-of-care tissue engineering) to those which are considered basic science (i.e. geared towards understanding orthopaedic disease processes and cellular biology) or experimental (i.e. engineering entire tissues from the ground-up). The lab strives to continue to work hand-in-hand

with its clinical collaborators and industry partners to improve patient clinical outcomes. The lab

itself contains space of bioengineering, biochemistry, molecular biology, cell-culture, and scaffold development facilities located on the third floor of the Rhodes Engineering Research

Center of Clemson University 307/309.

Availableȱequipmentȱincludesȱtheȱfollowing:ȱ RefrigeratedȱCentrifugeȱandȱMicrofugeȱ 6ftȱCellȱCultureȱHoodȱ ȱ BiomolecularȱInteractionsȱLaboratoryȱȱ

LocatedȱinȱtheȱRhodesȱResearchȱCenter,ȱtheȱBiomolecularȱInteractionsȱLabȱisȱdedicatedȱtoȱ

studiesȱonȱquantitativeȱmeasurementȱofȱmolecularȬlevelȱaspectsȱrelatedȱtoȱtheȱorientation,ȱ

conformation,ȱandȱbioactivityȱofȱadsorbedȱpeptidesȱandȱproteins ȱtoȱsurfacesȱasȱaȱfunctionȱofȱ

surfaceȱchemistry.ȱStudiesȱareȱspecificallyȱdesignedȱandȱcoordinatedȱtoȱsupportȱtheȱ

developmentȱofȱcomputationalȱchemistryȱmethodsȱbyȱtheȱBiomolecularȱModelingȱLabȱtoȱ

accuratelyȱsimulateȱtheȱproteinȱadsorptionȱbehavior.ȱȱ

TheȱBILȱhasȱaȱwetȱlabȱspaceȱandȱisȱfullyȱequippedȱwithȱworkȱbenches,ȱsinks,ȱrefrigerator/freezer,ȱ

andȱfumeȬhoods.ȱSpecificȱequipmentȱincludesȱaȱ

Surfaceȱplasmonȱresonanceȱ(SPR)ȱspectroscopyȱinstrumentȱ(BiacoreȱX,ȱBiacore,ȱInc.)ȱforȱ

adsorptionȱkineticsȱandȱthermodynamicsȱstudies.ȱ

ReichertȱAR700ȱtemperatureȱcontrolledȱautomaticȱrefractometerȱ(precisionȱrefractiveȱ

indexȱmeasurementȱforȱSPRȱbulkȱshiftȱsubtraction).ȱ

JASCOȱJȬ810ȱcircularȱdichroismȱspectropolarimeterȱwithȱPeltierȱtemperatureȱcontrol

ȱforȱ

proteinȱsecondaryȱstructureȱanalysis,ȱaȱvariableȱangleȱspectroscopicȱellipsometerȱ(GES5,ȱ

SOPRAȱInc.)ȱforȱSAMȱsurfaceȱandȱproteinȱadsorptionȱcharacterization.ȱ

Computerizedȱcontactȱangleȱinstrumentȱandȱimageȱanalysisȱsystemȱ(KrüssȱDSAȬ20Eȱ

instrument)ȱforȱsurfaceȱcharacterization,ȱȱ Spinȱcoaterȱ(MTIȱcorporation)ȱȱ

CarverȱModelȱCȱlabȱhotȱpressȱ(Carver,ȱInc.)ȱforȱfabricatingȱpolymericȱfilmsȱofȱ

nanometericȱthicknesses.ȱ

BiomolecularȱModelingȱLaboratoryȱȱ

TheȱBiomolecularȱModelingȱLabȱisȱlocatedȱinȱ407ȱRhodesȱResearchȱCenter,

ȱtheȱpurposeȱofȱwhichȱ

isȱtoȱtheoreticallyȱassessȱtheȱmolecularȱbehaviorȱtoȱcomplementȱtheȱexperimentalȱstudiesȱofȱtheȱ

BiomolecularȱInteractionsȱLab.ȱTheȱlabȱconductsȱmolecularȱdynamicsȱsimulationsȱusingȱ

advancedȱsamplingȱtechniquesȱtoȱmodelȱtheȱbehaviorȱofȱmaterialsȱ(e.g.,ȱpolymerȱhydrationȱandȱ

hydrolysis)ȱandȱtoȱpredictȱtheȱadsorptionȱbehaviorȱofȱpeptidesȱ andȱproteinsȱtoȱdifferentȱtypesȱofȱ

solidȱmaterialȱsurfaces.ȱAdvancedȱsamplingȱalgorithms,ȱmodelingȱmethods,ȱandȱforceȱfieldȱ

parameterizationȱareȱdevelopedȱtoȱaccuratelyȱsimulateȱpeptideȱandȱproteinȱadsorptionȱ

behavior.ȱAȱsetȱofȱsixȱUNIXȱworkstationsȱnetworkedȱwithȱClemsonȱUniversityȇsȱPalmettoȱ

ComputerȱClusterȱforȱresearchȱcomputing,ȱadministeredȱthroughȱClemsonȱUniversityȇsȱ

Cyberinfrastructure

ȱTechnologyȱIntegrationȱ(CITI)ȱgroup,ȱareȱavailable.ȱȱ

BiotribologyȱLaboratoryȱ(503ȱRhodes)ȱ

Theȱfocusȱofȱtheȱbiotribologyȱlaboratoryȱinvolvesȱtheȱcharacterizationȱandȱanalysisȱofȱ

biomaterialsȱandȱorthopeadicȱimplantȱbearingȱsurfaceȱwear.ȱWithinȱtheȱlaboratoryȱareȱ

experimentalȱtestingȱandȱanalysisȱinstrumentationȱforȱtheȱelucidationȱofȱbiomaterialȱwearȱ

behavior.ȱ Basicȱmaterialsȱwearȱandȱ mechanicalȱcharacterizationȱ-ȱanȱATMIȱSixȱStationȱ

MultimotionȱWearȱTestingȱMachineȱ(ATMIȱPDȬ05Ȭ06ȱOrthoPOD)ȱpinȬonȬdiskȱtestingȱ

machine,ȱaȱlowȱmodulusȱmaterialsȱtestingȱsystemȱ(VitrodyneȱVȬ1000ȱwithȱ150g,ȱ500g,ȱ5lbȱ

andȱ10lbȱloadȱcells),ȱandȱaȱMAXȬShearȱpinȬonȬdiscȱwearȱtestingȱmachine.ȱȱ

Characterizationȱof ȱbiomaterialȱsurfacesȱȬȱSophisticatedȱmeasurementȱinstrumentation;ȱ

includingȱtwoȱnonȬcontactȱsurfaceȱprofilometersȱwithȱ1.5X,ȱ20Xȱandȱ100Xȱmagnificationȱ

headsȱ(NTȬ2000ȱbyȱVeecoȱCorporation)ȱwithȱaȱverticalȱscanningȱrangeȱofȱ1nmȱtoȱ500umȱ

Ra.ȱȱ

FabricationȱofȱpolymersȱȬȱperformedȱusingȱCarverȱHotȱpressesȱwithȱaȱcoolingȱsystemȱ

permittingȱtoȱcontrolȱtheȱannealingȱofȱpolymerȱspecimensȱfabricatedȱareȱalsoȱinȱuseȱinȱ

ourȱfacilitiesȱ(maxȱ800Fȱandȱ10,000ȱlbs).ȱ

ComprehensiveȱstudyȱofȱorthopeadicȱimplantȱbearingȱsurfaceȱwearȱȬȱtwoȱ4Ȭstationȱ

modelȱKCȱStanmore/Instronȱtotalȱknee ȱwearȱreplacementȱtestingȱsimulatorsȱareȱavailableȱ

toȱevaluateȱtheȱmechanicalȱpropertiesȱofȱnewȱorthopeadicȱimplantȱdesignsȱoverȱlongȬ

termȱphysiologicȱtestingȱconditionsȱandȱtheȱinfluenceȱofȱaberrantȱloadingȱconditionsȱandȱ

clinicalȱfactorsȱcanȱbeȱstudiedȱinȱdetail.ȱȱ

AdditionalȱequipmentȱincludesȱaȱDigitalȱStorageȱDualȱChannelȱOscilloscopeȱ(Gould);ȱaȱ

highȱ

speed,ȱhighȱframeȱrateȱimagingȱsystemȱ(HiȬspeedȱmotionȱCCDȱcamera),ȱandȱaȱ

multifunctionȱI/Oȱboardȱ(nationalȱinstruments).ȱ BSLȬ2ȱCellȱCultureȱLaboratoryȱ(202ȱRhodes)ȱ

TheȱBSLȬ2ȱlabȱhasȱlaminarȱflowȱhoodsȱforȱcellȱcultureȱandȱmicrobiology.ȱItȱisȱequippedȱandȱ

approvedȱforȱBiosafetyȱLevelȱ2ȱwork,ȱwhichȱincludesȱcontact ȱwithȱanimalȱandȱhumanȱtissues.ȱ

Accessȱisȱrestrictedȱtoȱauthorizedȱtrainedȱpersonnel,ȱorȱstudentsȱwhoȱundergoȱspecificȱtraining.ȱȱ

TheȱBSLȱlabȱhasȱtheȱfollowingȱequipment.ȱ NikonȱDiaphotȱResearchȱMicroscopeȱ IsotempȱCo2ȱwaterȱjacketedȱincubatorȱ(FisherȱScientific)ȱ

ThermoȬscientificȱgeneralȱpurposeȱincubatorȱforȱbacteriaȱgrowthȱ(noȱCO2)ȱ

BeckmanȱCoulterȱAllegraȱ6RȱCentrifugeȱ BakerȱSterilgardȱIIIȱAdvancedȱClassȱIIȱBiologicalȱSafetyȱCabinetȱ LocatorȱJuniorȱliquidȱnitrogenȱdewarȱ FisherȱScientificȱ3300ȱOsmometerȱȱ ȱ ȱ

CardiovascularȱImplantȱResearchȱLaboratoryȱ(CIRLȬȱI)ȱ-Rhodesȱ409/411ȱ-ȱ414/416ȱȬȱ418ȱ

TheȱpurposeȱofȱCIRLȱelucidatesȱtheȱmolecularȱmechanismsȱofȱimplantȱfailure,ȱsyntheticȱpolymerȱ

materials,

ȱtissueȬderivedȱmaterialsȱandȱsiteȱspecificȱtherapies.ȱLaboratoryȱprojectsȱseekȱtoȱextendȱ

theȱdurabilityȱofȱtissueȬderivedȱbiomaterials,ȱspecificallyȱbioprostheticȱheartȱvalves,ȱbyȱ

improvingȱtissueȱfixation.ȱHereȱundergraduatesȱlearnȱexpertiseȱrequiredȱforȱtrainingȱandȱ

experimentationȱwithȱcellsȱandȱtissuesȱandȱperformingȱhistologicalȱandȱpathologicalȱanalysisȱofȱ

implants.ȱȱTheȱtissueȱengineering,ȱcellȱcultureȱandȱhistocompatibilityȱlabsȱ(414/416,ȱ418)ȱalsoȱ

provideȱsuchȱexpertiseȱandȱareȱveryȱpopularȱamongȱundergraduates.ȱȱInȱtheseȱlabsȱcellȱculturesȱ

areȱincubated,

ȱbioreactorsȱforȱmechanicalȱsimulationȱisȱundertakenȱandȱengineeringȱtissueȱisȱ

imaged.ȱAvailableȱequipmentȱincludesȱ RefrigeratedȱCentrifugesȱw/4ȱplaceȱrotorȱ(IecȬ8r)ȱ Incubatorȱ-ȱDBL.ȱAutoȱTrpl.ȱGasȱhiȱ115Vȱ(7301Ȭ0RȱNapco)ȱ FXȬ3000ȱFlexercellȱStrainȱUnitȱ(FXȱ3000ȱAFCȬCTL)ȱ Z2ȱAnalyzerȱ(Dualȱthresholdȱ&ȱ sizeȱdistribution)ȱ(BeckmanȱCoulter)ȱ UniversalȱMicroplateȱSpectrometerȱMQX200ȱ(Uquant)ȱ ClassȱIIȱBiosafetyȱHoodȱ36208/36209ȱTypeȱAZȱ(Labconco)ȱ Autoclaveȱ3870Mȱ(TuttnauerȱBrinkman)ȱ Freezerȱ17.2ȱcubicȱfeetȱ(Ȭ80ȱC)ȱULT1786Ȭ5A40ȱ(Revco)ȱ 3ȱcomputersȱ CardiovascularȱImplantȱResearchȱLaboratoryȱ(CIRLȬȱIIȱ-ȱRhodesȱ518)ȱ

TheȱpurposeȱofȱCIRL

ȱIIȱisȱusedȱtoȱtrainȱstudentsȱinȱtheȱareaȱofȱheartȱvalveȱandȱvascularȱ

pathologyȱandȱimplantȱanalysis.ȱCIRLȱIIȱhasȱtheȱfollowingȱequipment.ȱ NikonȱDiaphotȱFluorescenceȱMicroscopeȱ(Nikon)ȱ MastercyclerȱGradientȱ(Eppendorf)ȱ FT/ITȬ430ȱSpectrometerȱ(FT/IRȱ-ȱJasco)ȱ UniversalȱMicroplateȱSpectrophotometerȱ-ȱ(Uquant)ȱȱ Axioskopȱ2ȱ plusȱresearchȱmicroscopeȱȬȱAXIOSKOPȱ2ȱPLUSȱ(Zeiss)ȱ GelȱelectrophoresisȱsystemȱMȬ20ȱȱ(BioȱDocȬItȱSystem)ȱ MicroȱCTȱScannerȱȱMICROȱCTȱ20ȱ(SmithȱKlineȱBeecham)ȱ NikonȱFLȱMicroscopeȱDIAPHOTȱ(Nikon)ȱ

YSIȱ2300DȱStatȱPlusȱAnalyzerȱ2300ȱSTATȱPLUSȱDȱ(YellowȱSpringsȱInst.ȱCo.)ȱ

CO2ȱIncubatorȱCO_170PLUS

Ȭ115ȱ(NewȱBrunswickȱScientific)ȱ

AtomicȱAbsorptionȱSpectrophotometerȱ(Aanalystȱ200ȱ(PerkinȱElmer)ȱ KevexȱXȬrayȱMICROCT80ȱ(Kevex)ȱ MicroCTȱ80ȱComputerȱRX2660ȱHPȱ Centrifugeȱ5810RȱEppendorfȱAGȱ CardiovascularȱTissueȱEngineeringȱLabȱ(CTEL)ȱȱ

TheȱcurrentȱresearchȱinterestsȱofȱtheȱCardiovascularȱTissueȱEngineeringȱLaboratoryȱ(CTEL)ȱ

encompassȱvariousȱconvergingȱapproachesȱtoȱtreatȱtheȱproblemȱofȱreȬocclusionȱthatȱfollowsȱ

interventionalȱrevascularizationȱofȱoccludedȱsmall ȱdiameterȱbloodȱvessels.ȱTheȱsuccessfulȱ

applicationȱofȱECMȬbasedȱtissueȱengineeringȱtechnologiesȱtoȱimproveȱcurrentȱstentsȱcanȱ(i)ȱ

preventȱsuddenȱdeathȱdueȱtoȱstentȬinducedȱdistalȱembolization;ȱ(ii)ȱeliminateȱtheȱneedȱforȱ

secondaryȱrevascularizationȱprocedures;ȱandȱ(iii)ȱreduceȱtheȱfrequencyȱofȱlimbȱamputationȱbyȱ

facilitatingȱlastingȱrevascularizationȱandȱfasterȱhealingȱ ofȱwounds.ȱTheȱalleviationȱofȱtheseȱ

complicationsȱcanȱhelpȱdramaticallyȱlowerȱhealthcareȱcostsȱandȱdirectȱavailableȱmonetary,ȱ

research,ȱandȱhealthcareȱresourcesȱtowardsȱtreatmentȱofȱotherȱchallengingȱmedicalȱconditions.ȱ

CellȱCultureȱLaboratoryȱ(206ȱRhodes)ȱ

Thisȱlaboratory,ȱwhichȱisȱavailableȱtoȱundergraduateȱBioEȱstudents,ȱhasȱtheȱfollowingȱ

equipment.ȱAssociatedȱwithȱtheȱElectrophysiologyȱLab

ȱ(204ȱRhodes)ȱ

ZeissȱAxiotechȱplusȱ100ȱReflectedȱLightȱMicroscopeȱ AȱThermo,ȱIecȱCentrifugeȱ(GP8PR)ȱ AnȱSCȬ603ȱ6ȱfootȱbiologicalȱsafetyȱcabinetȱ AnȱAxioskopȱ2ȱplusȱmicroscopeȱ(Zeiss)ȱ AnȱAxiovertȱ200ȱMOTȱF/H/DICȱandȱaccessoriesȱ(Zeiss)ȱ AȱHighȱspeedȱHSMȱaxiocamȱmonochromeȱcameraȱ(Zeiss)ȱ CreativeȱInquiryȱLaboratoryȱ(304/306);ȱMolecularȱBiologyȱLaboratoryȱ

TheȱCIȱlabȱprovidesȱparticipatingȱCIȱBioEȱundergraduatesȱwithȱresourcesȱforȱtheȱ16ȱCIȱprojectsȱ

currentlyȱunderwayȱinȱBioE,ȱspecificallyȱhavingȱtoolsȱandȱmaterialsȱforȱsmallȱprototypeȱ

productionȱandȱanalysis.ȱItȱalsoȱhasȱoneȱcomputer.ȱȱ C.W.ȱHallȱDocumentationȱCenterȱ(Rhodesȱ208)ȱ

Thisȱdocumentationȱcenterȱandȱreadingȱloungeȱholdsȱcollectionsȱofȱinstructionȱmaterialsȱ

includingȱbooks,ȱmanuscripts,ȱpatentȱinformation,ȱvideoȱandȱaudioȱtapes,ȱandȱotherȱCUȱBioEȱ

artifacts.ȱ

ClemsonȱUniversityȱTechnologyȬguidedȱTherapyȱforȱEndoscopicȱandȱRoboticȱSurgeryȱ

(CUTTERS)ȱRhodesȱ212ȱ

Theȱroboticsȱlaboratoryȱhostsȱundergraduateȱstudentsȱforȱresearchȱandȱhonorsȱtraining.ȱItȱis

ȱ

equippedȱwithȱelectronicsȱforȱdesigningȱmedicalȱimagingȱandȱimageȱprocessing.ȱItȱalsoȱhasȱfourȱ

computersȱforȱimageȱguidedȱandȱroboticȱsurgery.ȱȱTheȱlabȱhasȱtheȱfollowingȱequipment.ȱ

AuroraȱMagneticȱTrackerȱSystemȱControlȱUnitȱ(NorthernȱDigitalȱInstruments)ȱ

Fourȱcomputersȱ

DesignȱMachineȱShopȱ(Rhodesȱ214)ȱ

Theȱdesignȱmachineȱshopȱisȱ

usedȱforȱtheȱmechanicalȱtestingȱofȱgearȱandȱequipmentȱforȱtheȱ

analysisȱofȱworkingȱprototypesȱ(Instron).ȱThereȱareȱtwoȱcomputersȱavailableȱinȱthisȱshopȱforȱ

studentȱuse.ȱȱTheȱdesignȱmachineȱshopȱhasȱtheȱfollowingȱequipment.ȱ ZeissȱPanelȱComputerȱProjectionȱwithȱoverheadȱprojectorȱ ZeissȱCabinetȱIndustrialȱxȬrayȱ Zeiss ȱMicroscopicȱImageȱAnalysisȱSystemȱ ZeissȱAxiovertȱCFLȱ AmitȱSixȱchannelȱmultiȬcomponentȱforceȱtransducerȱ(MC3AȬ1000)ȱ ElectrophysiologyȱLaboratoryȱ(204/205ȱRhodes)ȱ

TheȱElectrophysiologyȱLabȱinȱ204ȱRhodesȱisȱequippedȱforȱpatchȱclampȱanalysisȱforȱcellȱculturalȱ

analysisȱwhichȱpreparesȱlivingȱcellsȱforȱelectrophysiologyȱtests.ȱTheȱlabȱhasȱtheȱfollowingȱ

equipmentȱ Axioskopȱ2ȱFSȱUprightȱFixedȱStageȱMicroscopeȱ(A710SKOPȬZeiss)ȱ 60ȱChannelȱMEAȱSystemȱ(MCSȱMEAȬ60ȬSYS)ȱȱ
Multiclampȱ700AȱAmplifierȱ(AxonȱInstruments)ȱȱ

ElectrophysiologyȱRigȱ(PatchȱClampȱsetup),ȱaȱAxiovertȱ200ȱmicroscopeȱw/accessoriesȱ

(Zeissȱ202057)ȱȱ Flaming/Brownȱtyupeȱmicropipetteȱpullerȱ(pȬ97ȱSutterȱInstruments)ȱȱ NanoscopeȱIVAȱSPMȱControlȱStationȱ(D3100SȬ1;ȱDigitalȱInstruments)ȱȱ AutomatedȱGoniometerȱ(Rhodesȱ205)ȱKSVȱinstruments.ȱ

HistocompabilityȱLaboratoryȱ(418)ȱ

Theȱhistocompatibilityȱpathologyȱlaboratoryȱ(HPL)ȱisȱequippedȱtoȱdoȱroutineȱparaffinȱandȱ

plasticȱembeddingȱsections,ȱandȱforȱprocessingȱstainingȱandȱsectioningȱofȱhistologicalȱtissue.ȱȱItȱ

hasȱstateȱofȱtheȱartȱsectioning, ȱpolishingȱandȱstainingȱequipmentȱandȱnumerousȱsmallerȱpiecesȱ

ofȱequipmentȱsuchȱasȱaȱmagneticȱstirrer,ȱvacuumȱpump,ȱandȱanȱoven.ȱTheȱlabȱhasȱtheȱfollowingȱ

equipment.ȱ POLYCUTȱEȱMicrotomeȱw/knifeȱandȱholderȱ(Excelȱtechnology)ȱ ProcessorȱtissueȱTekȱvacuumȱinfiltrationȱprocessorȱ(Milesȱscientific)ȱ ExaktȱMedicalȱgrinding/cuttingȱsystemȱ(SAW)ȱ Olympusȱmicroscopeȱpathology/microbiologyȱ Zeissȱcryostatȱmachineȱ(MicronȱHMȱ505N)ȱ BuehlerȱIsometȱ3ȱ8"ȱpolisherȱ(Buehler)ȱ Isometȱ4000ȱPrecisionȱsawȱȱ112680ȱ(Buehler)ȱ MaterialsȱCharacterizationȱandȱTestingȱLabȱ(MCT)ȱ(520ȱRhodes)ȱ

TheȱMaterialsȱCharacterizationȱandȱTestingȱ(MCT)ȱLabȱisȱequippedȱwithȱstateȱofȱtheȱartȱ

analyticalȱandȱtestingȱinstruments. ȱMCTȱLabȱsupportsȱresearchers,ȱstudentsȱandȱpostȱdoctoralȱ

fellowsȱsponsoredȱbyȱCOBREȱinȱtheȱtesting,ȱcharacterization,ȱandȱanalysisȱofȱbiomaterials.ȱTheȱ

labȱhasȱtheȱfollowingȱinstrumentation.ȱ

1. Spectropolarimeterȱ(JascoȱJȬ810)ȱ-ȱMeasuresȱtheȱcircularȱdichroismȱ(CD)ȱandȱopticalȱ

rotaryȱdispersionȱ(ORD)ȱofȱtheȱsample.ȱ Specifications:ȱWavelengthȱrangeȱfromȱ

163ȱtoȱ900ȱnmȱ

Accessories:ȱPeltierȱtypeȱtemperatureȱcontrollerȱJascoȱPFDȬ425S;ȱAutomatedȱpHȱtitratorȱ

JascoȱATSȬ429S.ȱ

Applications:ȱ o Verifiesȱtheȱchiralityȱofȱmoleculesȱorȱcompounds;ȱ

o Estimatesȱfractionsȱofȱeachȱdifferentȱconformationȱinȱproteinȱstructureȱusingȱ

availableȱsoftware;ȱ o Studiesȱconformationalȱchangesȱofȱmoleculesȱwithȱtemperature;ȱ o Verifiesȱthatȱtheȱproteinȱisȱinȱitsȱnativeȱconformation;ȱ o Proteinȱfoldingȱstudies;ȱ o Purityȱtestingȱofȱopticallyȱactiveȱsubstances.ȱ

2. TemperatureȱControlledȱAutomaticȱRefractometerȱAR700ȱ(Reichert)ȱ

Specifications:ȱReadingȱrangeȱofȱ1.33000ȱtoȱ1.60000ȱRefractiveȱIndexȱandȱtheȱfullȱBrixȱ

scale. ȱPrecision:ȱtoȱ0.01ȱBrixȱorȱ0.00001ȱRIȱ

Applications:ȱMeasuresȱrefractiveȱindexȱofȱtransparent,ȱtranslucent,ȱandȱopaqueȱ

liquids.ȱ

3. CAMȱ200ȱOpticalȱContactȬangleȱGoniometerȱ-ȱDSAȬ20Eȱ(KrussȱInstruments)ȱ

Applications:ȱ

o Contactȱangleȱmeasurementsȱ o Surfaceȱfreeȱenergyȱmeasurementsȱ o Absorptionȱandȱwettingȱ o Surface/interfacialȱtensionȱ

4. VariableȬangleȱ

SpectroscopicȱEllipsometerȱGESȱ5ȱ(SopraȱInc)ȱȬȱThicknessȱmeasured:ȱfromȱ

monoatomicȱtoȱseveralȱmicronsȱthick.ȱTheȱbeamȱsize:ȱ1ȱmm2ȱandȱ10ȱmm2;ȱvariableȱ

angles:ȱfromȱ7ºȱtoȱ90ºȱwithȱvariableȱ+/Ȭȱ0.01º;ȱspectralȱrangeȱfromȱ200ȱnmȱtoȱ800ȱnmȱ

Applications:ȱ

o Measuresȱmaterialȱrefractiveȱindices;ȱ o Layerȱthicknessesȱofȱthin ȱfilmȱlayersȱonȱflatȱsubstrates;ȱ

o Upȱtoȱ7ȱlayersȱcanȱbeȱanalyzedȱinȱtermsȱofȱthicknessȱandȱopticalȱcharacteristicsȱ

forȱeachȱlayer.ȱ

5. FlameȱAtomicȱAbsorptionȱȬȱAAnalystȱ200ȱInstrumentȱ(PerkinȱElmer)ȱ

Specifications:ȱWavelengthȱrangeȱfromȱ189ȱtoȱ900ȱnm.ȱ

Applications:ȱForȱdeterminingȱveryȱpreciselyȱtheȱconcentrationȱofȱaȱparticularȱ

elementȱinȱ

aȱliquidȱsample;ȱdetectsȱfromȱ1ȱtoȱ1000ȱΐg/L.ȱForȱeachȱelement,ȱtheȱspecificȱlampȱisȱ

required.ȱCaȱlampȱisȱavailable.ȱȱ

6. SurfaceȱPlasmonȱResonanceȱSpectrometerȱBiacoreȱXȱȬȱMeasuresȱtheȱinteractionsȱbetweenȱ

proteins,ȱinȱrealȱtimeȱusingȱtheȱphenomenonȱofȱsurfaceȱPlasmonȱresonanceȱ(SPR).ȱ

Specifications:ȱ

TwoȱFlowȱcellȱcapability;ȱ Temperatureȱregulationȱfromȱ4ȱtoȱ40oC;ȱ Flowȱratesȱ1Ȭ100ΐL/min,ȱstepsȱofȱ1ȱΐL;ȱ Requiredȱsampleȱvolume:ȱinjection ȱvolumeȱ(minimumȱ5ȱΐLȱ+20ȱΐl);ȱ Molecularȱweightȱdetection:ȱ>180ȱDa;ȱ Refractiveȱindexȱrangeȱfromȱ1.33ȱtoȱ1.40;ȱ

Sensitivity:ȱ70000ȱRU*,ȱwhereȱRU,ȱresonanceȱunits,ȱ1RUȱ=ȱ1ȱpg/mm2ȱofȱsensorȱ

surface.ȱ

7. MaterialsȱTestingȱSystemȱ(MTS)ȱSynergieȱ100ȱȱ

Applications:ȱTensile,ȱFlex,ȱPeel/Tear,ȱStrain,ȱandȱCompressionȱtestȱ methods.ȱ

Specifications:ȱ

Loadingȱavailableȱisȱ10ȱNȱ(2ȱlbf);ȱ Speedȱrangeȱfromȱ0.001ȱtoȱ1000ȱmm/minȱ(0.00004Ȭ39ȱin/min);ȱ Maxȱspecimenȱthicknessȱforȱgrips:ȱ13ȱmmȱ(0.5ȱin);ȱ

50ȱmmȱ(2.0ȱinch)ȱdiameterȱlightweightȱcompressionȱplatens.ȱFaceȱset,ȱ25x25ȱmmȱ

rubber,ȱforȱ100/2000ȱadvantageȱpneumaticȱandȱscrew

ȱactionȱgrips.ȱ

8. HPLC/GPCȱSystemȱ(Waters)ȱ

Applications:ȱMWȱdetermination,ȱhighȱresolutionȱseparationȱandȱpurification.ȱ

Features:ȱBinaryȱGradientȱPumpingȱSystem,ȱAutosampler,ȱPhotodiodeȱArrayȱDetectorȱ

(WavelengthȱRangeȱfromȱ190ȱtoȱ800ȱnmȱwithȱ1.2ȱnmȱresolutionȱwithȱwavelengthȱ

accuracy:ȱ±ȱ1ȱnm);ȱRefractiveȱIndexȱDetectorȱ(RefractiveȱIndexȱRange:ȱ1.00ȱtoȱ

1.75ȱRIUȱ

withȱtemperatureȱcontrolȱfromȱ30ȱtoȱ55oC);ȱColumnȱHeaterȱ(TemperatureȱRangeȱfromȱ

20oCȱtoȱ60oC;ȱwithȱtemperatureȱaccuracyȱofȱ±0.8oC;ȱColumnȱCapacityȱofȱupȱtoȱfourȱ7.8ȱ

mmȱxȱ300ȱmmȱcolumns);ȱFractionȱCollectorȱ(MethodsȱofȱOperation:ȱtime,ȱdropȱcount,ȱ

dropȱvolume,ȱsignal).ȱ

9. ExpandedȱPlasmaȱSurfaceȱTreatmentȱUnit

ȱPDCȬ001ȱ(HarrickȱPlasma)ȱ

Features:ȱ

ExpandedȱPyrexȱplasmaȱchamberȱ6Ȟdiameterȱxȱ6.5Ȟȱlengthȱ(15.24cmȱx16.51ȱcm)ȱ

PlasmaFloȱgasȱmixerȱ Oxygenȱserviceȱpumpȱ MechanicalȱTestingȱLabȱ(216ȱRhodes)ȱ

TheȱpurposeȱofȱthisȱlabȱisȱtoȱtestȱworkingȱprototypesȱofȱvariousȱBioEȱsystems.ȱItȱhasȱtheȱ

followingȱequipment.ȱ Platformȱbiomechanicsȱw/mountingȱfixture ȱ(Adv.ȱMechanicalȱTech)ȱORGȬ1Ȭ5ȱ Biaxialȱtestȱsystemȱ8847ȱInstronȱ 8800ȱDigitalȱControllerȱw/secondȱcontrolȱchannelȱ8800ȱInstronȱ
InstronȱServohydraulicȱtestingȱmachineȱ MolecularȱBiologyȱLabȱ(Rhodesȱ308)ȱ

Theȱmolecularȱbiologyȱlabȱisȱaȱhighȱtechȱfacilityȱequippedȱwithȱtheȱlatestȱtechnologyȱavailableȱtoȱ

undergraduatesȱforȱproteinȱ analysis,ȱgeneȱexpressionȱandȱadvanceȱimaging.ȱȱTheȱmolecularȱ

biologyȱlabȱfacilityȱhasȱ5ȱcomputers.ȱȱTheȱMolecularȱBiologyȱLabȱhasȱtheȱfollowingȱequipment.ȱ

UV/VISȱspectrometerȱDU640Bȱ(BeckmanȱInstruments)ȱ

RotorȬGeneȱrealȱtimeȱDNAȱamplificationȱsystemȱSPECTRAȱMAXȱGEMINIȱEMȱ

(MolecularȱDevice)ȱ Agilentȱ2100ȱBioanalyzerȱG2938Cȱȱ FluorȬChemȱSP ȱImagingȱSystemȱFLUORCHEMȱSPȱ-ȱAlphaȱInnotechȱ

Multipurposeȱlabȱ(104ȱRhodes)ȱ

Theȱmultipurposeȱcreativeȱinquiryȱimplantȱretrievalȱlabisȱequippedȱforȱsurfaceȱanalysisȱofȱ

retrievedȱimplantsȱandȱbiomaterials,ȱcleaningȱprocessingȱandȱcatalogingȱofȱretrievedȱimplantsȱ

andȱbiomaterials.ȱȱThisȱlabȱhasȱtheȱfollowingȱequipment.ȱ LFMȬ2ȱDigitalȱInstrumentsȱNanoscopeȱEȱScanningȱ

ProbeȱMicroscopeȱStationȱ

KodakȱM35AȬXȱMat.ȱFilmȱProcessorȱ BuehlerȱMicrometȱ5101ȱMicroindentationȱhardnessȱtesterȱȱ LabconcoȱChemicalȱHoodȱ BiometricsȱDataLOGȱKinematicȱMeasurementȱSystemȱ(W4X8)ȱ CetrȱMicrotesterȱAPEXȬUMTȬ2MOȱ

WYKOȱOpticalȱPhaseȱShiftingȱandȱVerticalȱScanningȱInterferometryȱ(PZȬ06ȬSCȬSF)ȱ

4ȱcomputerȱworkstationsȱ MultiscaleȱBioelectromechanicsȱLaboratoryȱ(MBL)ȱ(Rhodesȱ515)ȱ

DirectedȱbyȱDr.ȱDelphineȱDean,ȱtheȱMBLȱisȱdedicatedȱtoȱAFMȱandȱscanningȱprobeȱmicroscopyȱ

andȱnanoȱandȱmicroȬmechanics.ȱBringingȱtogether ȱundergraduateȱandȱgraduateȱstudentsȱunderȱ

theȱdirectionȱofȱDr.ȱDelphineȱDean,ȱourȱbroadȱgoalȱisȱtoȱunderstandȱhowȱsmallȱscaleȱphenomenaȱ

affectȱlargeȱscaleȱtissueȱproperties.ȱEquipmentȱisȱavailableȱforȱcellȱculturing,ȱimagingȱanalysis,ȱ

computationalȱmodeling,ȱandȱsurfaceȱchemistry.ȱItȱhasȱtheȱfollowingȱequipment.ȱ

OlympusȱMicroscopeȱwithȱaccessoriesȱ(CKX415F)ȱ IsotermȱWJȱCO2ȱincubatorȱFisherȱScientificȱ3531ȱ ThermoȱFisherȱScientificȱMicroplateȱReaderȱ Threeȱcomputersȱ ȱ ȱ

TissueȱEngineeringȱLaboratoryȱ

TheȱTissueȱEngineeringȱLaboratory,ȱdirectedȱbyȱDr.ȱKarenȱBurg,ȱengagesȱinȱresearchȱthatȱhasȱ

evolvedȱaroundȱtheȱdevelopmentȱofȱbiologicȬbasedȱsolutionsȱforȱtissueȱengineeringȱreplacementȱ

and/orȱrepair.ȱCellsȱareȱisolated ȱfromȱaȱpatient,ȱexpandedȱinȱculture,ȱcombinedȱwithȱanȱ

absorbableȱbiomaterial,ȱandȱcultured.ȱTheȱtissueȬbiomaterialȱconstructȱisȱthenȱimplantedȱinȱtheȱ

patient.ȱTheȱdevelopingȱtissueȱacquiresȱtheȱshapeȱofȱtheȱmaterial,ȱasȱtheȱmaterialȱgraduallyȱ

absorbs.ȱTissueȱengineeringȱeliminatesȱtheȱneedȱforȱimmunosuppression,ȱminimizesȱtraditionalȱ

transplantationȱcomplicationsȱandȱdonorȱ tissue,ȱeliminatingȱallȱforeignȱmaterials.ȱȱ

Theȱfacilityȱencompassesȱaȱcellȱcultureȱlaboratory,ȱaȱpolymerȱprocessingȱlaboratory,ȱandȱaȱtissueȱ

biofabricationȱlaboratory.ȱTheseȱlaboratoriesȱincludeȱaȱBSLȱIIȱcellȱcultureȱroom,ȱBSLȱIIȱcultureȱ

hoods,ȱautoclave,ȱincubators,ȱrollerȱbottleȱincubator,ȱcentrigues,ȱaȱZeissȱinvertedȱmicroscopeȱ

withȱImageȱProȱimageȱanalysisȱsoftware,ȱstereoscopes ȱwithȱdigitalȱimagingȱandȱimageȱanalysisȱ

software,ȱaȱdifferentialȱscanningȱcalorimeter,ȱaȱgelȱpermeationȱchronograph,ȱlacticȱacidȱglucoseȱ

analyzer,ȱPentiumȱcomputersȱwithȱnetworkȱprintingȱcapabilities,ȱaȱcontactȱangleȱanalyzer,ȱaȱ

fluorometricȱmicroplateȱreader,ȱaȱvisibleȱlightȱmicroplateȱreader,ȱaȱParrȱpressureȱreactionȱvessel,ȱ

aȱhydraulicȱpress,ȱaȱgradientȱthermocycler,ȱaȱgelȱimagingȱunit,ȱaȱPCRȱhood,ȱchemicalȱhoods,ȱaȱ

meltȱindexer,ȱaȱspinȱcoater,ȱperistalticȱpumpsȱwithȱcomputerȱinterfaceȱandȱbioreactors.ȱȱ

ClemsonȱUniversityȱBiomedicalȱEngineeringȱInnovationȱCampus,ȱCUBEInCȱ

Theȱfacilitiesȱat

ȱCUBEInC,ȱinȱpartnershipȱwithȱtheȱGreenvilleȱHospitalȱSystem,ȱareȱtheȱproductȱ

ofȱaȱ$7.5ȱmillionȱinvestmentȱbyȱtheȱstateȱofȱSouthȱCarolina.ȱThisȱstateȬofȬtheȬartȱlaboratoryȱ

complexȱinȱGreenville,ȱSouthȱCarolina,ȱencompassesȱ10ȱlaboratoriesȱoccupyingȱtheȱentireȱ

fourthȬfloor,ȱincludingȱofficesȱandȱconferenceȱareas.ȱȱThisȱspaceȱisȱdedicatedȱ

toȱmedicalȱ

specialtiesȱ(orthopaedics,ȱcardiovascular,ȱregenerativeȱmedicine,ȱhistologyȱandȱpathology,ȱ

roboticȱsurgery,ȱetc.)ȱandȱalsoȱhousesȱindustryȱstartȬupȱincubatorȱspaceȱforȱpotentialȱ

partnershipsȱwithȱsmallȱcompaniesȱinȱtheȱlocalȱarea.ȱCUBEInCȱisȱlocatedȱwithinȱwalkingȱ

distanceȱofȱtheȱtwoȱmajorȱhospitalȱsystemsȱinȱtheȱUpstateȱregionȱofȱSouthȱCarolinaȱ(Greenville

ȱ

HealthȱSystem;ȱBonȱSecoursȱSt.ȱFrancisȱHospitalȱSystem),ȱenablingȱtheȱPIs'ȱcontinuedȱ

participationȱinȱtranslationalȱresearch.ȱAllȱlaboratoriesȱandȱofficesȱatȱCUBEInCȱareȱfullyȱ

connectedȱtoȱtheȱcomputationalȱinfrastructureȱofȱtheȱmainȱClemsonȱUniversityȱcampusȱthroughȱ

highȱspeedȱinternet,ȱincludingȱtheȱ21x30ȱfootȱvideoȱconferenceȱfacilityȱprovidingȱforȱsuitableȱ

videoȱ

conferenceȱandȱvirtualȱmeetingȱcapabilitiesȱasȱrequiredȱforȱthisȱproject.ȱ

Theȱlaboratoryȱalsoȱhousesȱvariousȱtestȱsystems,ȱincludingȱanȱInstronȱmodelȱ8874ȱhydraulicȱ

materialsȱtestingȱframeȱcapableȱofȱapplyȱupȱtoȱ25kNȱofȱaxialȱloadȱandȱ100ȱNmȱofȱtorque,ȱaȱ

BrukerȱNPȬFlexȱnonȬcontactȱ3Dȱopticalȱsurfaceȱmetrologyȱsystem,

ȱaȱMoticȱK400PȱreflectedȬlightȱ

opticalȱmicroscopeȱwithȱaȱLumeneraȱInfinityȱ2Ȭ1Cȱcolorȱdigitalȱcameraȱattached,ȱaȱMoticȱBA210ȱ

transmittedȬlightȱopticalȱmicroscope,ȱtwoȱchemicalȱfumeȱhoods,ȱMilliporeȱwaterȱsystems,ȱ

Anaproleneȱsterilizer,ȱsmallȱsteamȱsterilizer,ȱIsotempȱCO2ȱincubators,ȱandȱaȱBransonicȱ5510ȱ

ultrasonicȱcleaner.ȱȱComputationalȱcapacityȱincludesȱsixȱcomputersȱ withȱsoftwareȱnecessaryȱforȱ

handlingȱtheȱDICOMȱmedicalȱimageȱformatsȱreceivedȱfromȱtheȱclinicalȱcollaboratorsȱinȱtheȱ

currentȱproject,ȱasȱwellȱasȱtheȱfullȱcomplementȱofȱanalyticalȱandȱdesignȱsoftwareȱ(LabVIEW,ȱ

Solidworks,ȱSAS,ȱANSYS,ȱCOMSOL,ȱetc.)ȱthatȱisȱlicensedȱandȱfullyȱavailableȱtoȱClemsonȱ

Universityȱfaculty.ȱAttachedȱadjacentȱtoȱtheȱlaboratory ȱspaceȱisȱtheȱPI'sȱ9x11ȱfootȱoffice,ȱasȱwellȱ

asȱseveralȱotherȱsimilarlyȱsizedȱroomsȱhousingȱfourȱspecimenȱfreezers,ȱchemicalȱstorageȱ

cabinets,ȱandȱaȱvastȱcollectionȱofȱhandȬheldȱinstrumentsȱandȱtoolsȱsuitableȱforȱsectioning,ȱ

preciseȱmeasurementȱandȱanalysisȱofȱimplantedȱbiomaterials.ȱȱ

TheȱextraordinaryȱintellectualȱenvironmentȱinȱCUBEInCȱalsoȱhousesȱresearchȱfacilitiesȱforȱ

ClemsonȱBioengineeringȱfacultyȱengagedȱinȱimprovingȱsuchȱorthopaedicsȱandȱdevelopingȱ

protocolsȱtoȱrepairȱdamagedȱorȱdiseasedȱhumanȱtissueȱusing ȱtheȱbody'sȱownȱadultȱstemȱcells.ȱOfȱ

particularȱrelevanceȱtoȱthisȱproposalȱisȱtheȱfullyȱfunctionalȱhistologyȱandȱimmunohistochemistryȱ

facility,ȱwithȱsectioningȱandȱstainingȱequipmentȱsuitableȱforȱprocessingȱandȱsectioningȱ

explantedȱprosthesisȱmaterialsȱandȱattachedȱhardȱtissues.ȱȱȱ

TheȱequipmentȱincludesȱanȱIsometȱ5000ȱBuehlerȱPrecisionȱsaw,ȱanȱEȬBS1PKGȱDornȱ

andȱHartȱ

Microedgeȱsaw,ȱaȱBondȱMaxȱLeicaȱfullyȱautomatedȱIHCȱandȱISHȱstainingȱsystem,ȱaȱLeicaȱ

RM2255ȱAutomatedȱMicrotome,ȱanȱM1950ȱLeicaȱAutomatedȱCryostat,ȱanȱA81000002ȱRichardȬ

AllanȱScientificȱCompanyȱHistoStarȱEmbeddingȱCenter,ȱanȱelectroȱforceȱ3230ȱSeriesȱIIȱBoseȱ

Axial/TorsionȱhighȬaccuracyȱdisplacementȱmeasurementȱsystem,ȱandȱaȱV402ȱVan

ȱderȱStahlȱ

MedicalȱPouchȱVacuumȱSealer.ȱRapidȱprototypesȱofȱmedicalȱdevicesȱcanȱbeȱgeneratedȱfromȱ

surfaceȱmodelsȱusingȱtheȱProJetȱSDȱ3000ȱ3ȬDȱPrinter,ȱfromȱ3DȱSystemsȱCorporation,ȱwithȱ

Mimicsȱinnovationȱsuiteȱmedicalȱsoftware.ȱ

UndergraduateȱLoungeȱ(312ȱRhodes)ȱ

TheȱundergraduateȱloungeȱprovidesȱBioEȱstudentsȱwithȱaȱcollaborativeȱstudyȱenvironmentȱ

andȱ aȱstudyȱlounge.ȱFiveȱcomputersȱareȱavailable.ȱ R HODESȱENGINEERINGȱRESEARCHȱCENTERȱANDȱANNEXȱ

TheȱRhodesȱEngineeringȱResearchȱCenterȱhousesȱcompleteȱbiomaterialsȱinstrumentationȱandȱ

analysisȱfacilitiesȱforȱstructural,ȱcellular,ȱandȱsurfaceȱcharacterization,ȱwithȱequipmentȱforȱ

physical,ȱchemical,ȱandȱhistologicalȱanalysis,ȱandȱaccessȱtoȱimagingȱinstrumentationȱ(opticalȱ

microscopes,ȱatomicȱforceȱmicroscopes,ȱconfocalȱmicroscopes,ȱelectronȱmicroscopes,ȱetc.).ȱAsȱ

withȱtheȱvideoȱconferenceȱfacilityȱatȱCUBEInC,ȱsmartȱ classroomsȱwithinȱtheȱRhodesȱEngineeringȱ

ResearchȱCenterȱhaveȱvideoȱconferenceȱcapabilitiesȱforȱvirtualȱmeetings.ȱWithȱtheȱinceptionȱofȱ

theȱnewȱbioengineeringȱundergraduateȱprogram,ȱanȱ$11.5ȱmillionȱadditionȱtoȱRhodesȱwasȱ

constructedȱtoȱmeetȱtheȱneedsȱtoȱsupportȱthatȱobjective.ȱȱȱ

Theȱmainȱdepartmentalȱadministrationȱlocatedȱinȱ301ȱRhodesȱconsistsȱofȱofficesȱforȱtheȱ

departmentȱchair,ȱadministrativeȱcoordinatorȱandȱassistant,ȱaccountȱandȱgraduateȱprogramȱ

coordinator.ȱStudentsȱareȱtaskedȱwithȱreceptionistȱdutiesȱandȱaȱdedicatedȱsuiteȱforȱ

undergraduateȱaffairsȱisȱlocatedȱinȱtheȱRhodesȱAnnexȱforȱtheȱundergraduateȱcoordinatorȱandȱ

studentȱworkers.ȱThe

ȱadministrationȱofficesȱoccupyȱtheȱnewȱspace.ȱBothȱRhodesȱandȱRhodesȱ

annexȱhaveȱaȱtotalȱofȱsixȱclassroomsȱwithȱaȱseatingȱcapacityȱrangingȱfromȱ25ȱtoȱ85ȱseats:ȱRhodesȱ

302ȱ(816ȱsquareȱfeet/26ȱseats),ȱRhodesȱ422ȱ(600ȱsquareȱfeet/25ȱseats),ȱRhodesȱ516ȱ(450ȱsquareȱ

feet/20ȱseats),ȱRhodesȱ522ȱ(600ȱsquareȱfeet/25ȱ seats),ȱRhodesȱAnnexȱ109ȱ(551ȱsquareȱfeet/46ȱ

seats),ȱRhodesȱAnnexȱ111ȱ(1050ȱsquareȱfeet/85ȱseatȱauditorium),ȱandȱRhodesȱAnnexȱ201ȱ(336ȱ

feet/46ȱseats).ȱAllȱclassroomsȱhaveȱanȱLCDȱprojector,ȱinstructorȱlecternȱandȱ

computer/Sympodiumȱ(SMARTȱPodiums),ȱandȱwirelessȱInternet.ȱȱȱȱ BiodesignȱandȱBiomaterialsȱMultipurposeȱLaboratoriesȱ(312/315ȱRhodesȱAnnex)ȱ

TheȱBiodesignȱlabȱisȱused

ȱtoȱteachȱundergraduatesȱhowȱtoȱcreateȱmaterialsȱforȱsmallȱprototypeȱ

productionȱandȱdesign,ȱandȱisȱsupplementedȱbyȱsupportȱandȱmicroscopyȱroomsȱ313ȱandȱ314.ȱȱItȱ

hasȱtwoȱcomputers.ȱ

TheȱBiomaterialsȱlabȱisȱusedȱtoȱprocess,ȱsection,ȱandȱstainingȱhistologicalȱtissuesȱandȱforȱ

microscopicȱimaging.ȱItȱhasȱtwoȱcomputers.ȱȱ

Theȱlabȱ

hasȱtheȱfollowingȱequipmentȱ NikonȱmicroscopesȱwithȱvariousȱattachmentsȱLABOPHOTȬ2ȱ LeicaȱRMȱ2155ȱRotaryȱMicrotomeȱRMȱ2155ȱȱ BionstrumentationȱLaboratoryȱ(316ȱRhodesȱAnnex)ȱ

Theȱbioinstrumentationȱlaboratoryȱisȱequippedȱwithȱcomputersȱandȱelectrophysiologyȱsystemsȱ

forȱECGȱandȱisȱtheȱmainȱlabȱforȱteachingȱBIOE370ȱBioinstrumentation.ȱȱSpecifically,ȱstudentsȱ

constructȱelectronicsȱfor ȱbuildingȱandȱtestingȱsmallȱprototypes,ȱandȱconductȱelectrophysicalȱ

measurementsȱECGȱandȱelectronicȱprototyping.ȱTheȱlabȱhasȱtheȱfollowingȱequipment.ȱȱ

AdvancedȱTeachingȱSystemȱMLȬ856ȱ-ȱADȱinstrumentsȱ Eightȱcomputersȱ BionanomaterialsȱLaboratoryȱ(217ȱRhodesȱAnnex)ȱ

TheȱBionanomaterialsȱlaboratoryȱisȱusedȱforȱtheȱpurposesȱofȱsynthesizingȱandȱanalyzingȱ

liposomes,ȱnanoparticlesȱandȱbioconjugatesȱofȱnanoparticles.ȱTheȱlaboratoryȱhasȱtheȱfollowingȱ

equipment.ȱȱ BioȬTekȱMicroplateȱReaderȱSpectrofluorometerȱ(SYNERGYȱHT)ȱ BeckmanȱCoulterȱALGRA64RȱCentrifuge,ȱRefrigȱ208Vȱȱ Brookhavenȱparticleȱsizedȱanalyzerȱ(90ȱplus)ȱ BiotekȱFlashȱReaderȱ(synergy

ȱ4)ȱ

EppendorfȱAGȱcentrifugeȱ5415Rȱ BioPhotonicsȱLaboratoryȱ(212ȱRhodesȱAnnex)ȱ

Theȱbiophotonicsȱlabȱentailsȱdevelopingȱlaserȱguidanceȱtechniques,ȱopticalȱtrappingȱtechnique,ȱ

andȱmicrofluidicȱdevicesȱtoȱcreateȱbiochipȱmodelsȱofȱneuronalȱnetworksȱforȱstudyingȱnetworkȱ

processingȱdynamicsȱandȱneurodegenerativeȱdisease;ȱapplyingȱmicrofluidicsȱtoȱminiaturizeȱandȱ

automateȱcellȬcultureȱassaysȱforȱ tissueȬengineeringȱstudiesȱasȱwellȱasȱforȱbioinstrumentationȱandȱ

diagnostics,ȱandȱopticsȱbasedȱcellȱsortingȱandȱdiseaseȱdiagnostics.ȱȱTheȱlaboratoryȱhasȱtheȱ

followingȱequipmentȱ 4ft.ȱlaminarȱflowȱhoodȱȱ TI:ȱSapphireȱlaserȱguidanceȱsystemȱforȱcellȱsortingȱ(EdmondȱOptics)ȱ ZeissȱincubatorȱwithȱaȱtempȱcontrolȱCo2ȱcontrollerȱ Raman ȱFiberȱLaserȱCenterȱWavelengthȱ(Keopsysȱ-ȱKPSBT2RFL148010FA)ȱ AȱMicronicsȱMicroflowȱSystemȱ

Anȱopticalȱcoherenceȱtomographyȱ(OCT)ȱbiomedicalȱimagingȱsystemȱtoȱinvestigateȱtheȱ

developmentȱofȱtheȱheartȱȱ(OplinkȱPIOC850000TH101)ȱ

AȱtwoȬphotonȱConfocalȱMicroscopeȱCameraȱtoȱstudyȱcellȱdifferentiationȱ(AndorȱXȬ3873)ȱ

AnȱAuroraȱHoloeyeȱSpatialȱLightȱ

Modulatorȱ(ASI6010ȬXȬLO1Ȭ00D)ȱ

Hamamatsuȱphotomultiplierȱ(H7422PȬ40ȱ Sevenȱcomputersȱȱ BiosensorsȱLaboratoryȱ(RhodesȱAnnexȱ210)ȱ

Theȱbiosensorsȱlaboratoryȱisȱequippedȱwithȱelectrochemicalȱworkstationsȱtoȱstudyȱandȱdevelopȱ

biosensorsȱandȱbioanalyticalȱmethodsȱandȱtechnologies.ȱItȱhasȱtwoȱcomputers,ȱandȱtheȱfollowingȱ

equipmentȱ TahnerȱIM6ȱElectrochemicalȱWorkstationȱ

VMCȬ2ȱPotentionstat/Galvanostat/ImpedenceȱAnalyzerȱ(PrincetonȱAppliedȱResearch)ȱ

Nicoletȱ6700ȱFTIRȱGoldȱspectrometerȱandȱaccessoriesȱ(Thermoscientificȱmodelȱ

6700912A0637)ȱ

Cell ȱCultureȱSupportȱLaboratoryȱ(RhodesȱAnnexȱ206ȱ

Thisȱcellȱcultureȱsupportȱlabȱhasȱlaminarȱflowȱhoodsȱforȱcellȱculture,ȱandȱoneȱcomputerȱ

workstation.ȱItȱhasȱtheȱfollowingȱequipmentȱ BakerȱSterilgardȱhoodȱ-ȱSG603ȱ LabconcoȱPurifierȱandȱBaseȱStandȱ16Ȭ107Ȭ168ȱ PHȱBloodȱGasȱSystemȱ(ALB5)ȱ Stemiȱ

20000CSȱMicroscopeȱandȱaccessoriesȱ(KLȱ1500ȱCDȱ-ȱZeiss)ȱ

ȱ CellȱMechanicsȱandȱMechanobiologyȱLabȱ(213ȱRhodesȱAnnex)ȱ

DirectedȱbyȱDr.ȱJiroȱNagatomi,ȱAssistantȱProfessorȱofȱBioengineeringȱatȱClemsonȱUniversity,ȱtheȱ

ClemsonȱUniversityȱMechanobiologyȱlabȱconductsȱethicalȱandȱinnovativeȱresearchȱatȱtheȱcuttingȱ

edgeȱofȱengineeringȱandȱbiomedicalȱsciencesȱbyȱprovidingȱ qualityȱeducationȱandȱrigorousȱ

trainingȱforȱtheȱfutureȱbioengineeringȱprofessionals.ȱItȱhasȱ900ȱsquareȱfeetȱofȱwetȱlaboratoryȱ

space,ȱequippedȱwithȱtwoȱchemicalȱfumeȱhoods,ȱcompleteȱfacilitiesȱforȱcellȱandȱmolecularȱ

biologyȱexperiments,ȱandȱcapabilityȱforȱfabricationȱofȱexperimentalȱsetups.ȱȱTheȱlabȱhasȱtheȱ

followingȱequipment.ȱ Axiovertȱ200ȱInvertedȱResearch

ȱMicroscopeȱ(Zeiss)ȱ

Purifierȱhoodȱandȱbaseȱstandȱ(Labconco)ȱ Geniosȱmicroplateȱreaderȱ(GENIOSȬBASIC/TecanȬGenios)ȱ EppendorfȱCentrifugeȱMDLȱ5810Rȱ ProteanȱIEFȱSystemȱ(Biorad)ȱ Twoȱcomputersȱ NikonȱTE20000SȱInvertedȱMicroscopeȱȱ

Currentȱresearchȱisȱunderwayȱinȱtheȱmechanotransductionȱofȱhydrostaticȱpressure,ȱtheȱ

applicationȱofȱmechanobiologyȱtoȱfunctionalȱtissueȱengineering,ȱdevelopingȱmicrofluidicȱ3Dȱcellȱ

cultureȱplatformȱtoȱstudyȱmechanicallyȬinducedȱdifferentiationȱofȱboneȱmarrowȱstemȱcells,ȱandȱ

theȱdevelopingȱscarȬinhibitingȱbladderȱtissueȱadhesive.ȱ MechanotransductionȱofȱHydrostaticȱPressure ȱȬȱHydrostaticȱpressureȱisȱaȱubiquitousȱmechanicalȱ

quantityȱinȱwhichȱhumanȱorgansȱthatȱcontainȱfluidsȱareȱconstantlyȱsubjectedȱtoȱpressureȱ

fluctuationsȱinȱadditionȱtoȱtheȱstretchingȱofȱwallȱtissuesȱandȱshearȱstressȱgeneratedȱbyȱfluidȱflow.ȱ

Thisȱworkȱinvolvesȱtheȱinvestigatingȱhowȱcellsȱdetectȱhydrostaticȱpressure,ȱandȱwillȱhelpȱ

elucidateȱtheȱ knowledgeȱnecessaryȱforȱunderstandingȱtheȱcomplexȱphenomenaȱofȱcellularȱ mechanotransduction.ȱ

Becauseȱhydrostaticȱpressureȱdoesȱnotȱtheoreticallyȱproduceȱanyȱdeformationȱofȱwhatȱweȱknowȱ

asȱincompressibleȱmaterials,ȱcellularȱresponsesȱtoȱhydrostaticȱpressureȱareȱoftenȱviewedȱasȱ

experimentalȱartifactsȱbecauseȱtheyȱareȱbelievedȱtoȱreactȱonlyȱtoȱdeformationȱofȱphysicalȱ

structures.ȱHoweverȱfrom ȱaȱphysicsȱperspective,ȱhydrostaticȱpressureȱisȱaȱthermodynamicȱ

intensityȱparameterȱlikeȱtemperature:ȱOurȱcurrentȱhypothesisȱisȱthatȱhydrostaticȱpressureȱ

directlyȱinfluencesȱelectrochemicalȱpotentialȱaroundȱcellsȱbyȱactivatingȱcertainȱionȱtransporters.ȱ

Changesȱinȱelectricalȱpotentialȱacrossȱcellȱmembranesȱandȱionȱfluxȱcanȱtriggerȱmolecularȱeventsȱ

suchȱasȱcytoskeletalȱrearrangementsȱinsideȱcells.ȱ Workingȱtowardȱinnovativeȱconceptsȱofȱ

cellularȱmechanotransductionȱofȱpressureȱinȱtheȱabsenceȱofȱdeformation,ȱweȱareȱȱ

•ȱDevelopingȱnovelȱexperimentalȱsystemsȱtoȱinvestigateȱtheȱmechanotransductionȱeventsȱatȱ

theȱsingleȬcellȱlevelȱusingȱelectrophysiologicalȱrecordingsȱandȱopticalȱimaging;ȱ

•ȱExaminingȱtheȱpotentialȱlinkȱbetweenȱappliedȱpressureȱandȱalteredȱmechanicalȱbehaviorȱofȱ

cells ȱdueȱtoȱchangesȱinȱcytoskeletalȱarchitectureȱ(structuralȱresponse);ȱ

•ȱUsingȱaȱproteomicsȱapproachȱtoȱdetermineȱintracellularȱsignalȱtransductionȱ(molecularȱ

response)ȱinducedȱbyȱexposureȱofȱcellsȱtoȱhydrostaticȱpressure.ȱ

Identifyingȱsensorsȱinȱvariousȱcellsȱwillȱhelpȱguideȱtheȱdevelopmentȱofȱnewȱpharmacologicalȱ

agentsȱforȱnumerousȱapplicationsȱfromȱperipheralȱorgansȱtoȱtheȱ centralȱnervousȱsystem.ȱ UsingȱMechanobiologyȱforȱFunctionalȱTissueȱEngineering ȱ

Soȱthatȱculturedȱcellsȱmayȱdevelopȱfunctionalȱtissuesȱinȱvitro,ȱbiochemicalȱcuesȱbutȱmechanicalȱ

environmentsȱthatȱmimicȱthatȱofȱinȬvivoȱconditionsȱisȱnecessary.ȱȱThisȱworkȱinvolvesȱtheȱdesign,ȱ

constructionȱandȱcalibrationȱofȱnovelȱbioreactorsȱtoȱconditionȱculturedȱcellsȱandȱtissueȱ

engineeringȱconstructsȱunderȱmechanicalȱstimuliȱtoȱguideȱgrowthȱandȱdevelopment.

ȱTheseȱ

studiesȱwillȱprovideȱaȱnewȱmethodologyȱinȱTissueȱEngineeringȱtoȱgenerateȱandȱtoȱcharacterizeȱ

fullyȱfunctional,ȱimplantableȱtissueȱconstructs.ȱCurrentȱresearchȱinȱourȱlaboratoryȱincludesȱ

tissueȱengineeringȱofȱtheȱbladderȱwallȱusingȱbladderȱsmoothȱmuscleȱcellsȱinȱ3ȬDȱcollagenȱ

culturesȱsubjectedȱtoȱmechanicalȱstimuli.ȱ

DevelopingȱScarȬinhibitingȱBladderȱ

TissueȱAdhesiveȱȱ

Anȱestimatedȱ22ȱmillionȱwomenȱinȱtheȱUnitedȱStatesȱhaveȱundergoneȱhysterectomy.ȱAccidentalȱ

lacerationȱofȱtheȱbladderȱduringȱtheseȱsurgeriesȱisȱtheȱmostȱcommonȱcomplication,ȱandȱwhileȱ

theyȱareȱrepairedȱduringȱsurgeryȱwithȱtheȱbladderȱdrainedȱviaȱcatheterȱpostoperatively,ȱsuchȱ

injuriesȱcanȱformȱscarȱtissue.ȱSuchȱscarȱtissueȱisȱespeciallyȱ undesirableȱasȱitȱcanȱeitherȱ

compromiseȱtheȱproperȱdistensionȱofȱtheȱbladderȱtoȱstoreȱurine,ȱandȱsubsequentȱcatheterȱuseȱ

andȱcollectingȱbagsȱduringȱrecoveryȱcanȱseverelyȱdiminishȱpatients'ȱqualityȱofȱlife.ȱȱ

Thisȱresearchȱinvolvesȱtheȱengineeringȱofȱaȱtissueȱadhesiveȱtoȱeliminateȱtheȱneedȱforȱsurgicalȱ

suturesȱandȱminimizeȱscarȱformation. ȱSpecifically,ȱtheȱNagatomiȱgroupȱisȱdesigningȱaȱclinicallyȱ

applicableȱeasyȬtoȬuseȱtissueȱadhesiveȱ(rapidȱcuring,ȱtwoȬcomponentȱsolutionsȱwithȱlongȱshelfȱ

life),ȱthatȱcanȱstretchȱwithȱtheȱbladderȱwall,ȱandȱdegradesȱwithȱcontrolledȱreleaseȱofȱbioactiveȱ

moleculesȱtoȱinhibitȱscarȱformation.ȱSpecificȱaimsȱareȱtoȱ1)ȱoptimizeȱmechanicalȱpropertiesȱ

ofȱtheȱ

bladderȱtissueȱadhesivesȱexȱvivo,ȱ2)ȱoptimizeȱtheȱscarȬinhibitingȱfunctionȱofȱtheȱtissueȱadhesiveȱ

exȱvivo,ȱandȱ3)ȱevaluateȱtheȱefficacyȱofȱtheȱselectedȱscarȬinhibitingȱtissueȱadhesiveȱinȱvivo.ȱThisȱ

inȱvivoȱdataȱwillȱbeȱusedȱto

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