[PDF] IslandBiogeography - The Center for Teaching and Learning - UNC

PDF document for free

1. PDF document for free

31491_713_Garcia_Gagne.pdf

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"#$%&'()!*&#!"&#+,-!+.!/01$(2!3'+)#+),$4&-!$0!$(!+(5%$6470!.'#12!1$8+,$*+,-!9'11'$6!:$,%'$!$(2!;$,$!:$)($,*&!;%'#(%#0!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

?!!"#$%&'(%)!@76#,+70!0*72'#0!&$A#!2#6+(0*,$*#2!*&$*!0*72#(*0!4#,.+,6!8#**#,!$(2!&$A#!'(%,#$0#2!1#$,('()!+7*%+6#0!'(!%+7,0#0!*&$*!4,+6+*#!$%*'A#!1#$,('()!8-!6#$(0!+.!'(B7',-58$0#2!$%*'A'*'#0!$(2!,#0#$,%&!#C4#,'#(%#0D!E(#!%+641'%$*'+(!.+,!078F#%*0!07%&!$0!*&#!>$,*&!;%'#(%#0!$(2!>%+1+)-!'0!*&$*!%#(*,$1!*&#+,#*'%$1!*#($(*0!+.!*�#!2'0%'41'(#0!$,#!.'#1258$0#2D!"-4'%$1!#27%$*'+($1!'(B7','#0!'(*+!*�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

N!!Budget Request for SOTL Grant Year 2013 Joint Proposal? Yes X No Title of Project Teaching the Theory of Island Biogeography as an on-campus field laboratory Duration of Project 1 year Primary Investigator(s) Mr. William Garcia, Dr. Sara A. Gagné Email Address(es) wjgarcia@uncc.edu; sgagne@uncc.edu UNC Charlotte SOTL Grants Previously Received (please names of project, PIs, and dates) None Allocate operating budget to Department of Geography and Earth Sciences !!!!!!Year One!Account #!Award!January to June!Faculty Stipend!Transferred directly from Academic Affairs to Grantee on May 15!$ 3,598 !911250!Graduate Student Salaries!$7,000 911300!Special Pay (Faculty on UNCC payroll other than Grantee)!!!915000!Student Temporary Wages! $1,400 915900!Non-student Temporary Wages !!!920000!Honorarium (Individual(s) not with UNCC)!!!921150!Participant Stipends!!!

O!!925000!Travel - Domestic!!!926000!Travel - Foreign!!!928000!Communication and/or Printing!!!930000!Supplies! $1,050 942000!Computing Equipment!!!944000!Educational Equipment!!!951000!Other Current Services!!!!!!!GRAND TOTAL!$13, 048!!"%%'(*+,-%$J!!PD G**$%&Q4,+A'2#!$!($,,$*'A#!*&$*!#C41$'(0!&+I!*&#!.7(20!,#B7#0*#2!I'11!8#!70#2D!!?D R$0!.7(2'()!.+,!*&#!4,+F#%*!8##(!,#B7#0*#2!.,+6!+*&#,!0+7,%#0S!!TTT!U#0!!!TVT!@+D!!/.!-#0H!1'0*!0+7,%#0D!!!!!!!!!!!

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

X!!8159,#&($2,()$++%*,1(:&,4(;-*&(#52&(<$"-&*&'(35&"%(&1'E135472E4'47/85'W/;F0/74'[.:4<'\285'%/5<'$7A8']/74<'\285'K^'1_V'SM'E4'Y3..D'KK^':17'SL'47/85Z'J'L'P`'aA;;A3>'/>.34'A3'47/85'T16.5'WA34.7F%%b'K'$/;;13'*,'c'X/7A3.')34AF:7.._.''S@LJ'PK'KPO@SJ'&1'5417.'A3C.74.B7/4.5')0/_13'W-A7;F8/9'=/08;.'!/>5'=4/3DF28'!/>5'WA4-'W-A4.'W7A4.F13'=47A8V'(/5E1'F'X1D.;'!MKJQO6/V'8/E9'1:'SMM''SQ@SL'P'KKJ@K^'&1'5417.'A3C.74.B7/4.5'UA5-.7'%4-/31;V';A3.D'54..;'D720'PMTV')OM`FPM''KJJ@QM'K'KJJ@QM'&1'5174'A3C.74.B7/4.5'W/;F0/74']<7.d'B/9A3>'DA5-'^'KM'^M'&1'E135472E4'47/8'711:5'T16.5'$7A8F*A4.''K'TB@'KFKROe'[14'$/;C/3A_.D'f1A54'[/3>.7'(/A;5V'+4.0'gN'QLPPM''h''X1D.;'gN'KKO[$f=&K''O@L`'K'O@L`'&1'E135472E4'47/8'711:5'[10.F#.814'I]&+i'PO'A3@'d'K^'A3@'d'O'00@'\1772>/4.D'];/54AE'=-..4'A3'W-A4.'YKSF]/E9ZV'X1D.;'g'\I*FPOK^FKS'''''+34.73.4'g'PMPMJ^MLJ''JL@LQ'K'JL@LQ'&1'AD.34A:<'A3C.74.B7/4.5'W/7Dj5'(/427/;'=EA.3E.'#A55.E4A13'9A4'Y+4.0'g'KO','M`LOZ'JO@`S'KM'JO`@S'&1'0./527.'-/BA4/4'G2/;A4<'1:'A5;/3D5')0/_13'O'A3K'];/34'=1A;'=27C.<'+354720.34']['&.08.7/427.'X1A5427.'=23;A>-4'&.54.7'X.4.7'PQ@^K'P'SJ@QP'&1'67A4.'13'5/08;.'B/>5'[10.'#.814'$7./5.'8.3'S'P'KM'&1'DA58.35.'.4-/31;'W/7Dj5'(/427/;'=EA.3E.'WAD.FX124-'W/5-'!144;.5V'SMM'0T'Y+4.0'g'K^','OKKQ'Z'S@PS'KM'SP@S'&1'25.'A3'47/85'W/;FX/74')H/d')34AB/E4.7A/;'I7/3>.'[/3D'=1/8'#A5-'TAG2ADV'JO1_V'P89'J@^O'K'J@^O'&1'AD.34A:<'A3C.74.B7/4.5'!/73.5'/3D'(1B;.'"BAE9'.4'/;@'YPMMSZ'S^@S'K'S^@S'3=3>?(((((@ABCDEA(!!

Y!!''!.//0(,!1/!%*,!2,'-!!Z?[P!L('A#,0'*-!M'*-!3+71#A$,2H!M&$,1+**#H!@M!?\??N5[[[P!*Q!Y[O5X\Y5[[\\!!.Q!Y[O5X\Y5[[\Z!!&**4JQQ%1$0D7(%%D#27!!!@+A#68#,!XH!?[P?!!;E"K!:,$(*0!M+66'**##!M#(*#,!.+,!"#$%&'()!]!K#$,('()!%*1^7(%%D#27!!=#$,!M+66'**##!_#68#,0J!!!/!I,'*#!'(!0744+,*!+.!=,D!;$,$!:$)(<`0!$(2!_,D!3'11!:$,%'$`0!$441'%$*'+(!.+,!$!?[PN!;%&+1$,0&'4!+.!"#$%&'()!$(2!K#$,('()!GI$,2D!"&#!4,+4+0#2!,#0#$,%&H!!"#$%&'()*%")"+,&-&./&,0)*%"1/2)13)&4-#'5).&1("1(/#6%2)#4)#)3&"-5)-#.1/#*1/27)51)3&"-5).#4"58"96"/&0"'*4)6/1:&5")."**"/)-"#/'&'()1,*$10"4)*%#')4&0,-#*"5)5#*#;

\!!"&#!4,+4+0#2!4,+F#%*!I'11!$00#00!*&#!8#(#.'*0!+.!'(B7',-58$0#2!1#$,('()!*&,+7)&!*&#!'641#6#(*$*'+(!+.!$!(+A#1!8$0#2!#C4#,'#(*'$1!%+7,0#!4,+F#%*!*&$*!I'11!8#!0&$,#2!8#*I##(!*I+!%+7,0#0J!:>E:!N[[[!3'+)#+),$4&-!$(2!:>E:!O?PXQW?PX!K$(20%$4#!>%+1+)-D!!"�#!*I+!%+7,0#0!$,#!$(!'64+,*$(*!%+64+(#(*!+.!=#4$,*6#(*`0!(#I1-!,#A'0#2!7(2#,),$27$*#!%7,,'%7176!I&'%&!0*,#00#0!R76$(5>(A',+(6#(*$1!/(*#,$%*'+(0!'(!*&#!>$,*&!;%'#(%#0D!!"&#!6#$07,#6#(*!+.!*&#!8'+2'A#,0'*-!+.!'(A#,*#8,$*#!04#%'#0!$00+%'$*#2!I'*&!2'..#,#(*50'b#2!4$,c'()!1+*!6#2'$(0H!1+%$*#2!$*!A$,-'()!2'0*$(%#0!.,+6!$!d6$'(1$(2e!.+,#0*!0*,'c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a!'(%,#$0'()!.$%71*-50*72#(*!'(*#,$%*'+(a!'(%,#$0'()!%++4#,$*'+(!$6+()!0*72#(*0a!#(%+7,$)'()!$%*'A#!1#$,('()a!#(&$(%'()!0*72#(*!4,+.#00'+($1!2#A#1+46#(*a!$(2!'64,+A'()!1#$,('()!+7*%+6#0D!!3#-+(2!*&#!*I+!'(0*,7%*+,0!$441-'()!*&#!,#071*0!+.!*&#!,#0#$,%&!*+!*&#',!+I(!%+7,0#0H!*&#-!41$(!*+!4,#0#(*!*&#!%1$00!,#071*0!$*!*&#!L@M!M&$,1+**#!L(2#,),$27$*#!f#0#$,%&!M+(.#,#(%#!$(2!*&#!O*&!G((7$1!M$6470!M+(A#,0$*'+(0J!;*72#(*0!='0%700!;70*$'($8'1'*-!%+(.#,#(%#D!g'($11-H!*&'0!4,+F#%*!&$0!*&#!4+*#(*'$1!*+!'64$%*!'(0*,7%*'+(!I#11!8#-+(2!L@M!M&$,1+**#!I'*&!*&#!%+5h'`0!4,+4+0'()!*+!2'00#6'($*#!*&#',!#27%$*'+($1!,#071*0!$*!%+(.#,#(%#0H!07%&!$0!*&#!$((7$1!%+(.#,#(%#!+.!*&#!G00+%'$*'+(!.+,!*&#!;*72-!+.!R')&#,!>27%$*'+(H!$(2!8-!6#$(0!+.!$,*'%1#0!'(!F+7,($10H!07%&!$0!=&1>$&"'$"!$(2!*&#!?1,/'#-)13)@"1(/#6%2)&')A&(%"/)B5,$#*&1'D!!! It is my pleasure to recommend this project for your consideration. Please let me know if you require further information. Sincerely yours, Nancy A. Gutierrez, Dean College of Liberal Arts and Sciences !!!

Z!!GD!;h>M/g/M!G/_;!@76#,+70!0*72'#0!&$A#!2#6+(0*,$*#2!*&$*!0*72#(*0!4#,.+,6!8#**#,!$(2!&$A#!'(%,#$0#2!1#$,('()!+7*%+6#0!'(!%+7,0#0!*&$*!4,+6+*#!$%*'A#!1#$,('()!8-!6#$(0!+.!'(B7',-58$0#2!$%*'A'*'#0!$(2!,#0#$,%&!#C4#,'#(%#0!iM766'(0!#*!$1DH!?[[Oa!:#'#,!#*!$1DH!?[[\a!R6#1+5;'1A#,H!?[[Oa!R6#1+5;'1A#,!#*!$1DHH!?[[Ya!_$,C!#*!$1DH!?[[Oa!E1'A#,H!?[[YjD!G%*'A#!1#$,('()!0*,$*#)'#0!07%&!$0!*�#!6$-!8#!+.!A$,'+70!c'(20H!8+*&!2',#%*!$(2!'(2',#%*!ig'(c!?[[NjD!G!2',#%*!1#$,('()!#C4#,'#(%#!'(A+1A#0!0*72#(*0!#()$)'()!'(!,#$1!$%*'+(0!'(!$(!$7*&#(*'%!0#**'()D!g+,!#C$641#H!$(!#(A',+(6#(*$1!0%'#(%#0!0*72#(*!*&$*!4$,*'%'4$*#0!'(!$!,#$15I+,12!%+667('*-!2'0%700'+(!+.!#(A',+(6#(*$1!'007#0!'0!#()$)'()!'(!$!2',#%*!1#$,('()!#C4#,'#(%#D!/(2',#%*!1#$,('()!#C4#,'#(%#0!+%%7,!I&#(!0*72#(*0!$,#!7($81#!*+!4$,*'%'4$*#!'(!,#$15I+,2!0'*7$*'+(0D!/(5%1$00!,+1#541$-'()!#C#,%'0#0!$,#!#C$641#0!+.!'(2',#%*!1#$,('()!#C4#,'#(%#0D!!!=#04'*#!*&#!%+(0#(070!+(!*&#!8#(#.'*0!+.!$%*'A#!1#$,('()!0*,$*#)'#0!'(!&')&#,!#27%$*'+(H!1'**1#!'0!c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i"/3jH!I&'%&!4,#2'%*0!*&#!(768#,!+.!04#%'#0!+(!+%#$('%!'01$(20!8$0#2!+(!*&#',!0'b#!$(2!2'0*$(%#!.,+6!*&#!6$'(1$(2!i_$%G,*&7,!$(2!9'10+(H!PZXYjD!"&#!"&#+,-!+.!/01$(2!

P[!!3'+)#+),$4&-!I$0!4+0'*#2!+(!*&#!8$0'0!+.!#64','%$1!+80#,A$*'+(0!$(2!&$0!8##(!*#0*#2!#C*#(0'A#1-!70'()!#64','%$1!2$*$D!/(!+7,!A'#IH!07%&!*&#+,'#0!$,#!8#0*!*$7)&*!70'()!2',#%*!1#$,('()!#C4#,'#(%#0!*&$*!'(A+1A#!*&#!#1$8+,$*'+(!+.!&-4+*�#0H!4,#2'%*'+(0H!$(2!.'#12!2$*$!%+11#%*'+(D!=7#!*+!4,$%*'%$1!1'6'*$*'+(0H!*&#!"&#+,-!+.!/01$(2!3'+)#+),$4&-!'0!*,$2'*'+($11-!*$7)&*!70'()!0'671$*#2!2$*$H!'D#DH!$(!'(2',#%*!1#$,('()!#C4#,'#(%#D!/(!+7,!#C4#,'#(%#H!*&#!70#!+.!0'671$*#2!2$*$!,#071*0!'(!0*72#(*0!$%B7','()!$!074#,.'%'$1!7(2#,0*$(2'()!+.!*&#!4,+%#00#0!$(2!0-0*#60!8#'()!*$7)&*D!!!"&#!L@M!M&$,1+**#!%$6470!4,+A'2#0!70!I'*&!$(!+44+,*7('*-!*+!#()$)#!0*72#(*0!'(!$!&$(205+(!#64','%$1!*#0*!+.!*&#!"/3!70'()!'(A#,*#8,$*#!04#%'#0!$(2!4$,c'()!1+*!'01$(20D!!9#!4,#2'%*!*&$*!$!2',#%*!1#$,('()!#C4#,'#(%#!07%&!$0!*&'0!I'11!'64,+A#!0*72#(*0`!7(2#,0*$(2'()!+.!*&#!%+(%#4*0!'(&#,#(*!'(!*&#!"/3D!"&#!2#0')(!+.!.'#1258$0#2!1#$,('()!$%*'A'*'#0!'(!&')&#,!#27%$*'+(!'0!),#$*1-!.$%'1'*$*#2!8-!*&#!70#!+.!+(#`0!%$6470!$0!$!1$8+,$*+,-D!/(!$22'*'+(H!0*72#(*0!8#(#.'*!.,+6!$!0*,+()!0#(0#!+.!41$%#!$(2!+I(#,0&'4!I&#(!*&#',!+I(!%$6470!'0!4$,*!+.!*&#!1#00+(D!!!"&#!+8F#%*'A#0!+.!+7,!4,+F#%*!$,#!*+J!PD!=#0')(!$(!'(B7',-58$0#2!1#$,('()!$%*'A'*-!*&$*!6$c#0!70#!+.!*&#!L@M!M&$,1+**#!%$6470!$0!$!0*72-!$,#$!*+!*#0*!*&#!"&#+,-!+.!/01$(2!3'+)#+),$4&-D!?D!M+64$,#!*&#!1#$,('()!+7*%+6#0!.,+6!*&#!(#I!'(B7',-58$0#2!1#$,('()!$%*'A'*-!I'*&!*&+0#!.,+6!*,$2'*'+($1H!'(2',#%*!$%*'A'*'#0!70#2!*+!*#$%&!*&#!"&#+,-!+.!/01$(2!3'+)#+),$4&-D!"&'0!4,+F#%*!0744+,*0!*#0!I'*&'(!*&#!=#4$,*6#(*!+.!:#+),$4&-!$(2!>$,*&!;%'#(%#0H!4$,*'%71$,1-!*&#!*#0!+.!:1+8$1!M&$()#!$(2!R76$(!>(A',+(6#(*!/(*#,$%*'+(0H!8-!4,+A'2'()!0*72#(*0!I'*&!$!2##4#,!$(2!6+,#!(7$(%#2!7(2#,0*$(2'()!+.!

PP!!*&#!.$%*+,0!*&$*!2#*#,6'(#!8'+2'A#,0'*-!$*!8+*&!,#)'+($1!$(2!)1+8$1!0%$1#0D!9'*&!*&'0!7(2#,0*$(2'()!*&#-!6$-!8#**#,!,#$1'b#!&+I!&76$(!$%*'A'*'#0!%$(!$1*#,!8'+2'A#,0'*-D!"&'0!4,+F#%*!$22,#00#0!*I+!+.!*&#!M+11#)#!+.!K'8#,$1!G,*0!$(2!;%'#(%#`0!)+$10H!($6#1-!d*+!0744+,*!$11!0*72#(*0`!$%$2#6'%!07%%#00!8-!6$'(*$'('()!$!0*72#(*!%1'6$*#!+.!#(,'%!#27%$*'+($1!#C4#,'#(%#0H!+44+,*7('*'#0!.+,!1#$2#,0&'4H!$(2!#C4+07,#!*+!*&#!$441'%$*'+(!+.!2'0%'41'($,-!c(+I1#2)#!$(2!0c'110e!$(2!d*+!.+0*#,!$!0#1.5,#.1#%*'A#!%+667('*-!+.!#27%$*+,0!I&+!%+(*'(7+701-!#C$6'(#!*&#',!4,+%#00#0!$(2!$00#00!4,$%*'%#0!'(!$11!$04#%*0!+.!*#$%&'()!$(2!,#0#$,%&!*+!'(07,#!#..#%*'A#!+7*%+6#0eD!"&#!'64,+A#2!1#$,('()!+7*%+6#0!$(2!+44+,*7('*-!*+!#()$)#!'(!$%*7$1!.'#12!,#0#$,%&!4,+A'2#!),#$*1-!#(&$(%#2!0*72#(*!#C4#,'#(%#0H!I&'1#!*&#!2$*$!)#(#,$*#2!+(!'(2',#%*!A0D!2',#%*!1#$,('()!I'11!$11+I!*&#!'(0*,7%*+,0!*+!#C$6'(#!$(2!'64,+A#!+7,!*#$%&'()!4,$%*'%#0D!!!g7,*&#,H!*&#!2#A#1+46#(*!+.!*&'0!#C#,%'0#!I'11!4,+A'2#!$!*#641$*#!*&$*!'(0*,7%*+,0!$*!+*&#,!7('A#,0'*'#0!%$(!70#!*+!*#$%&!"/3!70'()!$!2',#%*!1#$,('()!#C4#,'#(%#D!/01$(20!&$A#!1+()!&$2!$!),#$*!'(.17#(%#!+(!*&#!0%'#(%#!+.!8'+1+)-!'(!)#(#,$1H!$(2!8'+)#+),$4&-!04#%'.'%$11-D!"&#!0*72-!+.!'01$(2!8'+*$0!&$0!'(.17#(%#2!%#(*,$1!*&#+,'#0!+.!8'+1+)-!07%&!$0!($*7,$1!0#1#%*'+(!i=$,I'(H!P\WZjH!#A+17*'+(!$(2!#%+1+)-!iK$%c!PZOYH!PZYXjH!04#%'$*'+(!%+(%#4*0!i_$-,!PZO?H!PZWNjH!$(2!)#+),$4&'%!A$,'$*'+(!+.!04#%'#0!iR7*%&'(0+(!PZW\H!PZWZH!$(2!PZXYjD!G0'2#!.,+6!=$,I'(`0!70#!+.!*&#!:$1k4$)+0!/01$(20!'(!&'0!.+,671$*'+(!+.!*&#!*&#+,-!+.!($*7,$1!0#1#%*'+(H!*&#!6+0*!0')('.'%$(*!'(.17#(%#!+.!*&#!0*72-!+.!'01$(20!.+,!8'+1+)-!'0!*&#!"/3!i_$%G,*&7,!$(2!9'10+(H!PZXYjH!I&'%&!&$0!8#%+6#!+(#!+.!*&#!6+0*!.7(2$6#(*$1!'2#$0!'(!8'+1+)-!.+,!7(2#,0*$(2'()!*&#!2'A#,0'*-!$(2!#%+1+)'%!0*,7%*7,#!+.!$,#$0D!"&#!'(.17#(%#!+.!*&#!"&#+,-!+.!/01$(2!3'+)#+),$4&-!'0!4#,A$0'A#!I'*&'(!8'+1+)-D!G0!$!,#071*H!4,+4#,!7(2#,0*$(2'()!+.!*&#!"&#+,-!+.!/01$(2!

P?!!3'+)#+),$4&-!4,+A'2#0!$!2##4#,!$(2!,'%&#,!7(2#,0*$(2'()!+.!6#%&$('060!%+(*,+11'()!8'+2'A#,0'*-D!!3D!K/">fG"Lf>!f>l/>9!EA#,!*&#!1$0*!2#%$2#!*&#,#!&$0!8##(!$(!'(%,#$0'()!2#6$(2!.+,!,#.+,6!'(!7(2#,),$27$*#!#$,*&!0%'#(%#!#27%$*'+(H!$(2!'(!4$,*'%71$,H!$641'.'%$*'+(!+.!7(2#,),$27$*#!,#0#$,%&!#C4#,'#(%#0!i@$*'+($1!f#0#$,%&!M+7(%'1H!PZZXa!@$*'+($1!;%'#(%#!g+7(2$*'+(H!PZZXjD!!/641#6#(*$*'+(!+.!1#$,('()!#C4#,'#(%#0!*&,+7)&!%+667('*-!+.!'(B7',-!4#2$)+)-!&$0!8##(!07%%#00.71!'(!(76#,+70!#$,*&!0%'#(%#!2#4$,*6#(*0!$*!2'..#,#(*!*-4#0!$(2!0'b#0!+.!7('A#,0'*'#0!$%,+00!*&#!L('*#2!;*$*#0!i37(1#-!#*!$1DH!?[[?a!m$,,#**!$(2!37,(1#-H!?[[Na!3#$(#H!?[[Oa!@'%+1$-0#(!$(2!f'**#,870&H!?[[Wj!$(2!'(*#,($*'+($11-!i#D)D!>2I$,20H!?[[Na!m$6#0H!?[[Xa!n'()H!?[[XjD!/(B7',-58$0#2!#27%$*'+(!$(2!,#0#$,%&!#C4#,'#(%#0!8#(#.'*!8+*&!0*72#(*0!$(2!.$%71*-D!!;*72#(*0!%$(!8#**#,!*#0*!*&#',!'(*#,#0*!'(!$!%$,##,!'(A+1A'()!,#0#$,%&!iR#,,'%cH!PZZPa!@$*'+($1!;%'#(%#!g+7(2$*'+(H!PZZXa!m$,,#**!$(2!37,(1#-H!?[[NjD!!"&#-!6$-!8#!6+,#!6$,c#*$81#!$0!$!(#I!),$27$*#!I'*&!2#6+(0*,$*#2!0c'110!+(!$2A$(%#2!*++10H!*#%&(+1+)-!$(2!6$('471$*'+(!+.!2$*$!$(2!*&#-!6$-!8#!6+,#!%$4$81#!+.!%+667('%$*'()!*#%&('%$1!6$*#,'$1!*+!*&#!0%'#(*'.'%!%+667('*-!i;*7c70!$(2!K#((+CH!PZZWjD!!g'($11-H!0*72#(*0!#()$)#2!'(!#C4#,'#(*'$1!1#$,('()!6$-!)$'(!$!0#(0#!+.!0%'#(*'.'%!+I(#,0&'4!i:$I#1!$(2!:,##(),+A#H!?[[WjD!L(2#,),$27$*#!,#0#$,%&!#C4#,'#(%#0!$,#!#B7$11-!'64+,*$(*!.+,!0%'#(%#!$(2!(+(50%'#(%#!6$F+,0D!!G%%+,2'()!*+!*&#!@$*'+($1!;%'#(%#!g+7(2$*'+(!iPZZXjJ!!d/(*#),$*'()!,#0#$,%&!$(2!#27%$*'+(!'0!$!4+I#,.71!6#$(0!8-!I&'%&!*+!4,+A'2#!0*72#(*0!I'*&!*&#!

PN!!0c'110!'(!4,+81#6!0+1A'()!$(2!%,'*'%$1!*&'(c'()!*&$*!I'11!8#!(#%#00$,-!.+,!*&#',!07%%#00.71!($A')$*'+(!+.!*&#!I+,c41$%#!'(!*&#!?P0*!%#(*7,-eD!g7,*&#,H!#C4#,'#(*'$1!1#$,('()!&$0!8##(!2#6+(0*,$*#2!*+!8#!$(!#..#%*'A#!6#*&+2!+.!,#*$'('()!(+(*,$2'*'+($1!0*72#(*0!'(!*&#!0%'#(%#0!in#,(!$(2!M$,4#(*#,H!PZ\Oa!:$I#1!$(2!:,##(),+A#H!?[[WjD!!MD!_>"RE=;!;&,<013$!=,'(*0-8!>,%*1415187)!=7,'()!*&#!g$11!+.!?[P[!3'+)#+),$4&-!I$0!*$7)&*!$0!$!%,+0051'0*#2!>;M/Q:>E:!O[[[!"+4'%0!%+7,0#D!E(#!+.!*&#!c#-!%+(%#4*0!I$0!*&#!"&#+,-!+.!/01$(2!3'+)#+),$4&-!$(2!*&#!0')('.'%$(*!'64$%*0!'*!&$0!&$2!+(!*&#!+A#,$11!0%'#(%#!+.!#%+1+)'%$1!8'+)#+),$4&-D!"I+!I##c0!iO!%1$00#0jH!$!1$8+,$*+,-H!$(2!$!4$4#,!I#,#!2#A+*#2!*+!*&#!*&#+,-D!"&#!.',0*!%1$00!'(A+1A#2!$!1#%*7,#!+(!*&#!8$0'%!.+,671$*'+(!+.!*&#!*&#+,-!$(2!'*0!0')('.'%$(*!4,#2'%*'+(0!70'()!2$*$!.,+6!A$,'+70!&'0*+,'%$1!4781'%$*'+(0!%'*#2!'(!*&#!*#C*8++c!+.!*&#!%+7,0#D!"&#!0#%+(2!$(2!*&',2!%1$00#0!'(A+1A#2!$(!'(5%1$00!$00')(6#(*!'(!I&'%&!0*72#(*0!%+11#%*#2!2$*$!70'()!'(5%1$00!0'671$*'+(0!+.!'01$(2!%+1+('b$*'+(0!$(2!#C*'(%*'+(D!"&'0!2$*$!I$0!*&#(!%+64$,#2!*+!*&#!4,#2'%*'+(0!+.!_$%G,*&7,!$(2!9'10+(`0!6+2#1D!;*72#(*!1#$,('()!+7*%+6#0!%+(%#,('()!*&#!"&#+,-!+.!/01$(2!3'+)#+),$4&-!I#,#!6#$07,#2!'(!*&,##!I$-0D!g',0*H!0*72#(*0!I#,#!$0c#2!671*'41#5%&+'%#!B7#0*'+(0!$(2!%+641#*#2!$(!#00$-!,#1$*#2!*+!'01$(2!8'+)#+),$4&-!+(!$(!#C$6D!"�#!B7#0*'+(0!I#,#!2#0')(#2!*+!$00#00!*&#!0*72#(*0`!7(2#,0*$(2'()!+.!*&#!4,#2'%*'+(0!+.!*&#!*&#+,-!$(2!'*0!'64+,*$(%#!*+!,#)'+($1!$(2!)1+8$1!8'+2'A#,0'*-D!;#%+(2H!0*72#(*0!0786'**#2!$!0&+,*!$($1-0'0!+.!*&#!0'671$*'+(!2$*$!%,#$*#2!'(!%1$00!27,'()!1$8!$(2!%+64$,#2!*&'0!2$*$!*+!*&#!4,#2'%*'+(0!+.!*&#!"&#+,-!+.!/01$(2!3'+)#+),$4&-D!"&'0!$00')(6#(*!I$0!2#0')(#2!*+!

PO!!$00#00!0*72#(*0`!$8'1'*-!*+!$441-!*&#!*&#+,-!*+!$%*7$1!2$*$!$(2!%,'*'%$11-!$($1-b#!I&#*&#,!*&#!2$*$!6$*%!*&#!4,#2'%*'+(0!+.!*&#!*&#+,-D!"&',2H!0*72#(*0!%&+0#!$(!'01$(2!.,+6!$!4,#4$,#2!1'0*!$(2!,#0#$,%!*&#!8'+2'A#,0'*-!$(2!)#+),$4&'%!.#$*7,#0!+.!*&#',!%&+'%#D!"&#-!I#,#!,#B7',#2!*+!70#!*&#',!c(+I1#2)#!+.!*&#!"/3!*+!#C41$'(!*&#!6+2#,(!04#%'#0!,'%&(#00!+.!*&#!'01$(2!*&#-!%&+0#D!!;&161$,4!>,%*1415187)!9#!4,+4+0#!*+!70#!*&#!A#)#*$*#2!'01$(20!'(!4$,c'()!1+*0!XH!XGH!$(2!PN!+(!*&#!L@M!M&$,1+**#!ig')D!Pj!%$6470!$0!$!6+2#1!0-0*#6!I'*&!I&'%&!*+!*#0*!*&#!"&#+,-!+.!/01$(2!3'+)#+),$4&-!70'()!),+7(2!'(A#,*#8,$*#0!i),+7(2!8##*1#0!$(2!),+7(2!04'2#,0jD!9#!$0076#!*&$*!*&#!$04&$1*!07,.$%#!+.!*&#!4$,c'()!1+*0!,#4,#0#(*0!$!&+0*'1#!#(A',+(6#(*!*&$*!0#A#,#1-!%+(0*,$'(0!'(A#,*#8,$*#!2'04#,0$1!$(2!*&$*!A#)#*$*#2!'01$(20!$,#!&$8'*$*!.+,!),+7(2!'(A#,*#8,$*#0D!/(A#,*#8,$*#!,'%&(#00!I'11!8#!%+64$,#2!$6+()!'01$(20!+.!2'..#,#(*!0'b#0!$(2!1+%$*#2!$*!2'..#,#(*!2'0*$(%#0!.,+6!o6$'(1$(2`!0+7,%#!$,#$0!ig')D!PjD!! Figure 1. G#,'$1!A'#I!+.!*&#!L@M!M&$,1+**#!%$6470D!9&'*#!0*$,0!'(2'%$*#!4+*#(*'$1!6$'(1$(20!.,+6!I&'%&!'(A#,*#8,$*#!04#%'#0!2'04#,0#!*+!4$,c'()!1+*!'01$(20!i'(0#*jD

PW!! 9#!41$(!*+!%+11#%*!4,#1'6'($,-!2$*$!+(!),+7(2!'(A#,*#8,$*#!,'%&(#00!'(!_$-!?[PN!i0##!"'6#1'(#jD!h,#1'6'($,-!2$*$!I'11!8#!70#2!*+!%,#$*#!A'07$1!'2#(*'.'%$*'+(!c#-0!.+,!70#!8-!:>E:!NPZ[J!3'+)#+),$4&-!$(2!:>E:!O?PXQW?PXJ!K$(20%$4#!>%+1+)-!0*72#(*0D!G!.'#12!$00'0*$(*!I'11!'(0*$11!4'*.$11!*,$40!'(!*&#!A#)#*$*#2!'01$(2!'(!1+*0!XH!XGH!$(2!PN!i*+*$1!(768#,!+.!'01$(20!'0!OXjD!"&#!(768#,!+.!*,$40!4#,!'01$(2!I'11!8#!4,+4+,*'+($1!*+!'01$(2!0'b#H!I'*&!*&#!06$11#0*!'01$(20!&+0*'()!$!0'()1#!*,$4D!G!4'*.$11!*,$4!%+(0'0*0!+.!*I+!41$0*'%!%740!#68#22#2!'(!*&#!),+7(2!I'*&!*&#!'((#,!%74!.170&!I'*&!*&#!),+7(2!07,.$%#D!",$40!I'11!8#!.'11#2!I'*&!P[[!6K!+.!4,+4-1#(#!)1-%+1!$(2!$!2,+4!+.!2'0&!0+$4!$(2!%+A#,#2!I'*&!06$11!,++.0!*+!4,#A#(*!,$'(!$(2!2#8,'0!.,+6!#(*#,'()!*&#!*,$4D!",$4!%+(*#(*0!I'11!8#!%+11#%*#2!+(%#!$!I##c!.+,!*&,##!I##c0!$(2!%+11#%*#2!'(A#,*#8,$*#0!I'11!8#!'2#(*'.'#2!*+!04#%'#0!+,!*&#!1+I#0*!*$C+(+6'%!1#A#1!4+00'81#!70'()!M'#)1#,!i?[[[j!$(2!L8'%c!#*!$1D!i?[[WjD!_+2#1!04#%'6#(0!+.!#$%&!04#%'#0!+,!*$C+(+6'%!),+74!I'11!8#!4&+*+),$4!70'()!*&#!%$6#,$!$**$%!*+!$!0*#,#+6'%,+0%+4#!'(!=,D!:$)(<`0!1$8+,$*+,-D!9#!I'11!70#!*�#!4&+*+),$4&0!$0!I#11!$0!4&+*+),$4&0!.+7(2!+(1'(#!i#D)DH!.,+6!87))7'2#D(#*j!*+!%,#$*#!A'07$1!'2#(*'.'%$*'+(!c#-0D /(!g$11!?[PN!$(2!;4,'()!?[POH!0*72#(*0!'(!:>E:!NPZ[!3'+)#+),$4&-!$(2!:>E:!O?PXQW?PX!K$(20%$4#!>%+1+)-H!,#04#%*'A#1-H!I'11!'2#(*'.-!'(A#,*#8,$*#0!%+11#%*#2!70'()!*&#!6#*&+2!2#0%,'8#2!$8+A#D!G!*#$%&'()!$00'0*$(*!'(!#$%&!%+7,0#!I'11!!0*72#(*0!'(0*$11!*,$40!$(2!4,#4$,#!*,$4!%+(*#(*0!.+,!'2#(*'.'%$*'+(!8-!0*72#(*0!27,'()!I##c1-!%1$00!4#,'+20D!;*72#(*0!I'11!'2#(*'.-!%+11#%*#2!'(A#,*#8,$*#0!'(!*&#!1$8+,$*+,-!70'()!*&#!A'07$1!'2#(*'.'%$*'+(!c#-0!4,+A'2#2H!,#.#,#(%#!8++c0H!$(2!8$0'%!0*#,#+6'%,+0%+4#0D!:>E:!NPZ[!3'+)#+),$4&-!0*72#(*0!I'11!$10+!70#!:/;!*+!#0*'6$*#!'01$(2!0'b#!$(2!'01$(2!2'0*$(%#!.,+6!0#A#,$1!2'..#,#(*!4+*#(*'$1!o6$'(1$(20`!ig')D!PjD!:>E:!O?PXQW?PX!

PX!!K$(20%$4#!>%+1+)-!I'11!$22'*'+($11-!%$1%71$*#!'01$(2!0&$4#!70'()!:/;!$(2!#0*'6$*#!*&#!&$8'*$*!B7$1'*-!+.!#$%&!'01$(2!'(!*&#!.'#12D!R$8'*$*!B7$1'*-!I'11!8#!#0*'6$*#2!.,+6!A$,'$81#0!*&$*!2#0%,'8#!),+7(2!%+A#,H!1'**#,!2#4*&H!*,##!4,#0#(%#H!0+'1!I$*#,!%+(*#(*H!$(2!0+'1!*#64#,$*7,#D!/(!#$%&!%+7,0#H!0*72#(*0!I'11!41+*!*&#!%+11#%*#2!2$*$!*+!2#*#,6'(#!'.!*&#!4,#2'%*'+(0!+.!"/3!$,#!0744+,*#2!$(2!I'11!70#!0*$*'0*'%$1!$($1-0#0!i#D)DH!1'(#$,!,#),#00'+(0j!*+!*#0*!.+,!#..#%*0!+.!'01$(2!0'b#!$(2!'0+1$*'+(!+(!'(A#,*#8,$*#!,'%&(#00D!/(!$22'*'+(H!*&#!0*72#(*0!'(!:>E:!O?PXQW?PX!K$(20%$4#!>%+1+)-!I'11!*#0*!.+,!*&#!6#2'$*'()!'(.17#(%#0!+.!&$8'*$*!B7$1'*-!$(2!'01$(2!0&$4#!+(!*&#!4,#2'%*'+(0!+.!"/3D!!!=D!>lGKLG"/E@!?96,&0+,-%'5!2,$08-!%1!>,'$3&,!@%34,-%!A,'&-0-8!.3%(1+,$)!9#!#C4#%*!0*72#(*0!I&+!07%%#00.711-!%+641#*#!*&#!4,+4+0#2!%1$00#0!*+!2#6+(0*,$*#!$!),#$*#,!7(2#,0*$(2'()!+.!'01$(2!8'+)#+),$4&-!'(!*&#!.+11+I'()!I$-0J • /64,+A#2!0%+,#0!+(!$!0'6'1$,!*#0*!*&$*!'0!)'A#(!$*!8+*&!*&#!0*$,*!i4,#5*#0*j!$(2!*&#!#(2!i4+0*5*#0*j!+.!*&#!0#6#0*#,D!• /64,+A#2!0%+,#0!+(!#C$60!)'A#(!27,'()!*&#!0#6#0*#,!%+64$,#2!*+!4,#A'+70!0#6#0*#,0!I'*&!2'..#,#(*!*#$%&'()!6#*&+2+1+)'#0!• =#6+(0*,$*#2!$8'1'*-!*+!2'0%700!*&#!0*,#()*&0!$(2!I#$c(#00#0!+.!6+2#10!.+,!*&#!)#+1+)'%!#A+17*'+(!+.!'01$(20!8$0#2!74+(!4,#0#(*!.1+,$!$(2!.$7($!• =#6+(0*,$*#2!$8'1'*-!*+!#..#%*'A#1-!0-(*�'b#!$(2!%,'*'B7#!0%'#(*'.'%!$,*'%1#0!$(2!6#2'$!,#4+,*0!$22,#00'()!8'+2'A#,0'*-D!>A$17$*'+(!+.!#$%&!+.!*�#!#C4#%*$*'+(0!I'11!8#!%+(27%*#2!$0!.+11+I0J!

PY!!$D ;*72#(*0!I'11!8#!)'A#(!$!4,#5*#0*!+(!*&#!.',0*!2$-!+.!%1$00!'(!:>E:!NPZ[!%+(0'0*'()!+.!B7#0*'+(0!%+(%#,('()!A$,'+70!$04#%*0!+.!8'+)#+),$4&-!$(2!*&#!0$6#!#C$6!+(!*&#!1$0*!2$-!+.!%1$00D!/64,+A#6#(*H!6#$07,#2!$0!*&#!$A#,$)#!(768#,!+.!%+,,#%*!$(0I#,0H!+(!B7#0*'+(0!,#1$*#2!*+!*&#!"&#+,-!+.!/01$(2!3'+)#+),$4&-!I'11!8#!%+64$,#2!.,+6!*&#!4,#5!*+!*&#!4+0*5*#0*D!"&'0!I'11!0#,A#!$0!$!.',0*!4$00!#C$6'($*'+(!+.!0*72#(*!7(2#,0*$(2'()D!8D p7$(*'*$*'A#!%+64$,'0+(!+.!0*72#(*!4#,.+,6$(%#!70'()!*&#!*I+!*#$%&'()!6#*&+20!I'11!8#!$%&'#A#2!8-!%+64$,'()!*&#!(768#,!+.!%+,,#%*!0*72#(*!,#04+(0#0!*+!*&#!671*'41#!%&+'%#!B7#0*'+(0!$0c#2!*&#!4,#A'+70!0#6#0*#,!*&#!%+7,0#!I$0!*$7)&*D!"�#!B7#0*'+(0!I#,#!4,#A'+701-!$0c#2!+(!*&#!:>E:!NPZ[J!3'+)#+),$4&-!.'($1!#C$6!70'()!*&#!4,#A'+70!*#$%&'()!6#*&+2+1+)-H!$(2!I'11!8#!$0c#2!$)$'(!+(!*&#!.'($1!#C$6!.+,!*&$*!%+7,0#!27,'()!*&#!g$11!+.!?[PND!9#!I'11!%+64$,#!*&#!$A#,$)#!(768#,!+.!%+,,#%*!$(0I#,0!8$0#2!74+(!#$%&!*#$%&'()!6#*&+2D!%D ;*72#(*!1#$,('()!I'11!8#!B7$1'*$*'A#1-!$00#00#2!8-!%+64$,'0+(!+.!0*72#(*!$(0I#,0!*+!*&#!#00$-!$(2!*&,+7)&!%+64$,'0+(!+.!0*72#(*!4$4#,0!+(!/01$(2!3'+)#+),$4&-D!"�#!$00#006#(*0!I'11!#C$6'(#!0*72#(*!$8'1'*-!*+!$($1-b#!(#I!2$*$!i31++6H!?[[NjD!2D ;*72#(*!1#$,('()!'(!:>E:!O?PXQW?PX!I'11!8#!B7$1'*$*'A#1-!$00#00#2!8-!6#$(0!+.!$!.'($1!oF+7,($1!$,*'%1#`!*&$*!%+(*$'(0!$11!*&#!#1#6#(*0!+.!$!4,+.#00'+($1!0%'#(*'.'%!F+7,($1!$,*'%1#!i/_fG=!.+,6$*j!$(2!2#0%,'8#0!*&#!0*72#(*!,#0#$,%&!%$,,'#2!+7*!*+!*&#!*#0*!*&#!"/3!70'()!4$,c'()!1+*!'01$(20!+(!*&#!L@M!M&$,1+**#!%$6470D!!

P\!!E. KNOWLEDGE DISSEMINATION 9#!41$(!*+!&$A#!0*72#(*0!'(!:>E:!NPZ[J!3'+)#+),$4&-!$(2!:>E:!O?PXQW?PXJ!K$(20%$4#!>%+1+)-!4,#0#(*!*&#!%1$00!,#071*0!i'D#DH!*&#!,#071*0!+.!*&#!*#0*!+.!*&#!"&#+,-!+.!/01$(2!3'+)#+),$4&-j!$*!*&#!L@M!M&$,1+**#!L(2#,),$27$*#!f#0#$,%&!M+(.#,#(%#!$(2!*&#!O*&!G((7$1!M$6470!M+(A#,0$*'+(0J!;*72#(*0!='0%700!;70*$'($8'1'*-!%+(.#,#(%#D!9#!$10+!41$(!*+!2'00#6'($*#!+7,!#27%$*'+($1!,#071*0!$*!L@M!M&$,1+**#`0!M#(*#,!.+,!"#$%&'()!]!K#$,('()`0!I+,c0&+40H!$*!%+(.#,#(%#0H!07%&!$0!*&#!$((7$1!%+(.#,#(%#!+.!*&#!G00+%'$*'+(!.+,!*&#!;*72-!+.!R')&#,!>27%$*'+(H!$(2!8-!6#$(0!+.!$,*'%1#0!'(!F+7,($10H!07%&!$0!3'+;%'#(%#H!*&#!m+7,($1!+.!:#+),$4&-!'(!R')&#,!>27%$*'+(H!$(2!*&#!m+7,($1!+.!:#+0%'#(%#!>27%$*'+(!F. HUMAN SUBJECTS We have completed the Human Subjects Protocol Form and will be submitting it for approval. We believe our proposal should be considered exempt research under provisions described on the University website on human subjects. G. EXTRAMURAL FUNDING We do not plan to seek extramural funding at this time.

PZ!!H. TIMELINE Date Activity May 6 2013 Pitfall traps installed in islands May 13 2013 Pitfall trap contents collected & traps re-set May 14 - 17 2013 Taxa collected identified May 20 2013 Pitfall trap contents collected & traps re-set May 21-24 2013 Taxa collected identified May 28 2013 Pitfall trap contents collected & traps re-set May 29-31 2013 Taxa collected identified June 4-18 2013 Identification keys created Fall 2013 Data collection and analysis in GEOG 3190 Biogeography Spring 2014 Data collection and analysis in GEOG 4216 Landscape Ecology Summer 2014 Project evaluation Fall 2014 Results disseminated !!!!!!!!!!!!!!

?[!!B,/,&,-(,$)!!!3>G@>H!fDmDH!?[[OD!L0'()!*&#!0%$(('()!#1#%*,+(!6'%,+0%+4#!.+,!2'0%+A#,-!8$0#2!1#$,('()!!'(!7(2#,),$27$*#!%+7,0#0H!!m+7,($1!+.!:#+0%'#(%#!>27%$*'+(H!AD!W?H!(D!N!4D!?W[5?WND!!3KEE_!3D!;D!PZWXD!"$C+(+6-!+.!>27%$*'+($1!E8F#%*'A#0J!"&#!M+)('*'A#!=+6$'(D!@#I!!U+,cJ!=$A'2!_%n$-!M+!/(%D!!3Lf@K>UH!hDMDH!>lG@;H!9DH!$(2!mGff>""H!ED;DH!?[[?D!!G!%+64$,'0+(!+.!$44,+$%�!$(2!!'(0*,76#(*0!.+,!#A$17$*'()!$!)#+1+)'%$1!0%'#(%#0!,#0#$,%&!#C4#,'#(%#0!4,+),$6D!!!m+7,($1!+.!:#+0%'#(%#!>27%$*'+(H!AD!WH!(DPH!4D!PW5?OD!CIEGLER, J. C. 2000. Ground beetles and wrinkled bark beetles of South Carolina (Coleoptera: Geadephaga: Carabidae and Rhysodidae). Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA. !ML__/@;H!fD!RDH!9D!mD!:f>>@H!$(2!MD!>KK/E""D!?[[OD!dh,+64*#2e!'(B7',-58$0#2!1#$,('()!!'(!*&#!/(*,+27%*+,-!M'0*,-!K$8+,$*+,-D!m+7,($1!+.!M'%$1!>27%$*'+(!\PJ!?NZ5?OX!!=Gf9/@H!MD!P\WZD!E(!*&#!+,')'(!+.!04#%'#0!8-!*&#!6#$(0!+.!($*7,$1!0#1#%*'+(!+,!*&#!!4,#0#,A$*'+(!+.!.$A+,#2!,$%#0!'(!*&#!0*,7))1#!.+,!1'.#D!K+(2+(J!m+&(!_7,,$-D!!>=9Gf=;H!;DH!?[[ND!/(*#),$*#2!*#$%&'()!$(2!,#0#$,%&!'(!)#+),$4&-!$(2!*&#!#$,*&!$(2!!#(A',+(6#(*$1!0%'#(%#0!$0!#C#641'.'#2!8-!*&#!:,##(I&'%&5M-4,70!'('*'$*'A#H!!K'(c'()!*#$%&'()!$(2!,#0#$,%&!'(!*&#!)#+),$4&-H!#$,*&!$(2!#(A',+(6#(*$1!;%'#(%#0!%+(.#,#(%#H!G80*,$%*0H!4D!ZD!!g/@nH!KD!=D!?[[ND!M,#$*'()!0')('.'%$(*!1#$,('()!#C4#,'#(%#0J!G(!'(*#),$*#2!$44,+$%&!*+!!2#0')('()!%+11#)#!%+7,0#0D!m+00#-53$00H!;$(!g,$(%'0%+D!!:G9>KH!mD>DH!$(2!:f>>@:fEl>H!MDKDH!?[[WD!!=#0')('()!7(2#,),$27$*#!,#0#$,%&!!#C4#,'#(%#0!.+,!(+(*,$2'*'+($1!0*72#(*!1#$,('()!$*!0#$H!AD!WNH!(D!PH!4D!NP5NXD!!:#'#,H!fDH!hDMD!3176#(.#12H!fD!9D!_$,CH!mD!;D!n,$F%'cH!3D!g'0&6$(H!>D!;+1+I$-H!mD!M1$-5!M&$68#,0D!?[[\D!;*$(2$,2'b#2!*#0*!+7*%+6#0!.+,!0*72#(*0!#()$)#2!'(!'(B7',-58$0#2!%7,,'%71$!'(!*&#!%+(*#C*!+.!7,8$(!,#.+,6D!m+7,($1!+.!f#0#$,%&!'(!;%'#(%#!"#$%&'()!OWJ!Z??5ZNZD!!R>ff/MnH!fD;DH!PZZPD!_+*'A$*'()!*&#!7(2#,),$27$*#!*+I$,2!$!0%'#(%#!%$,##,!5!*&#!R+1-!!M,+00!M+11#)#!0766#,!,#0#$,%&!#C4#,'#(%#H!!m+7,($1!+.!M+11#)#!;%'#(%#!"#$%&'()H!AD!?[H!4D!?ZO5?ZXD!!R_>KE5;/Kl>fH!MD!>D!?[[OD!h,+81#658$0#2!1#$,('()J!9&$*!2+!0*72#(*0!1#$,(S!!>27%$*'+($1!h0-%&+1+)-!f#A'#I!PXJ!?NW5?XXD!!

?P!!!R_>KE5;/Kl>fH!MD!>DH!=LRMG@H!fD!:DH!$(2!MR/@@H!MD!GD!?[[YD!;%$.+12'()!$(2!!$%&'#A#6#(*!'(!4,+81#658$0#2!$(2!'(B7',-!1#$,('()J!G!,#04+(0#!*+!n',0%&(#,H!;I#11#,H!$(2!M1$,c#!i?[[XjD!>27%$*'+($1!h0-%&+1+)'0*!O?JZZ5P[Y!!RL"MR/@;E@H!:D!>D!PZW\D!M+(%172'()!,#6$,c0D!M+12!;4,'()!R$,8+,!;-64+0'$!+(!!p7$(*'*$*'A#!3'+1+)-!??J!OPW5O?YD!!TTTTTTTTTTD!PZWZD!R+6$)#!*+!;$(*$!f+0$1'$H!+,!I&-!$,#!*&#,#!0+!6$(-!c'(20!+.!$('6$10S!G6#,'%$(!@$*7,$1'0*!ZNJ!POW5PWZD!!TTTTTTTTTTD!PZXYD!G!*,#$*'0#!+(!1'6(+1+)-H!A+1D!?5ND!@#I!U+,cJ!m+&(!9'1#-!$(2!;+(0D!!mGff>""H!ED;DH!$(2!3Lf@K>UH!hDMDH!?[[ND!!>()$)#6#(*!'(!$7*&#(*'%!)#+0%'#(%#!,#0#$,%&J!!!!>A$17$*'+(!+.!,#0#$,%&!#C4#,'#(%#0!+.!7(2#,),$27$*#0!$(2!0#%+(2$,-!*#$%&#,0H!AD!WPH!(D!PH!4D!\W5Z[D!!n>f@H!>DKDH!G@=!MGfh>@">fH!mDfDH!PZ\OD!!>(&$(%#6#(*!+.!0*72#(*!A$17#0H!'(*#,#0*0!$(2!!$**'*72#0!'(!#$,*&!0%'#(%#!*&,+7)&!$!.'#12!+,'#(*#2!$44,+$%&D!!m+7,($1!+.!:#+1+)'%$1!>27%$*'+(H!AD!N?H!4D!?ZZ5N[WD!!n/@:H!RDKDH!?[[XD!!:#+0%'#(%#!1#$,('()!,#0#$,%&!'(!Ln!&')&#,!#27%$*'+(H!!!IIID)##0D$%D7cD!!KGMnH!=D!PZOYD!=$,I'(`0!.'(%�D!M$68,'2)#J!M$68,'2)#!L('A#,0'*-!h,#00D!!TTTTTTTTD!PZYXD!/01$(2!8'+1+)-!'1170*,$*#2!8-!*&#!1$(2!8',20!+.!m$6$'%$D!;*72'#0!'(!#%+1+)-H!!A+1D!ND!3#,c#1#-J!L('A#,0'*-!+.!M$1'.+,('$!h,#00D!!_GUfH!>D!PZO?D!;-0*#6$*'%0!$(2!*&#!+,')'(!+.!04#%'#0D!@#I!U+,cJ!M+1768'$!L('A#,0'*-!!h,#00D!!!TTTTTTTTTD!PZXND!G('6$1!04#%'#0!$(2!#A+17*'+(D!M$68,'2)#H!_GJ!R$,A$,2!L('A#,0'*-!h,#00D!!_GMGf"RLfH!fD!RD!$(2!>D!ED!9/K;E@D!PZXYH!"&#!*&#+,-!+.!'01$(2!8'+)#+),$4&-D!!_+(+),$4&0!'(!4+471$*'+(!8'+1+)-H!A+1D!PD!h,'(%#*+(H!@mJ!h,'(%#*+(!L('A#,0'*-!h,#00D!!_GfVH!fD!9DH!hD!MD!3KL__g>K=H!mD!;D!nfGMm/nH!3D!g/;R_G@H!>D!;EKE9GUH!fD!:>/>fH!$(2!!fD!"D!"GKD!?[[OD!/(B7',-58$0#2!0%'#(%#!'(!*&#!6'221#!),$2#0J!G00#006#(*!+.!1#$,('()!'(!7,8$(!0-0*#6!,#.+,6D!m+7,($1!+.!f#0#$,%&!'(!;%'#(%#!"#$%&'()!OPJ!P[XN5P[\[D!!@G"/E@GK!f>;>GfMR!MEL@M/KH!PZZXD!@$*'+($1!;%'#(%#!>27%$*'+(!;*$(2$,20J!!9$0&'()*+(H!=DMDH!@$*'+($1!G%$2#6-!h,#00H!?X?!4D!!

??!!@G"/E@GK!;M/>@M>!gEL@=G"/E@H!PZZXD!!;&$4'()!*&#!.7*7,#J!!@#I!#C4#%*$*'+(0!.+,!!7(2#,),$27$*#!#27%$*'+(!'(!0%'#(%#0H!6$*$*'%0H!#()'(##,'()!$(2!*#%&(+1+)-H!@;g5ZX5PNZD!!@/MEKGU;>@H!nDhDH!$(2!f/"">f3L;RH!KD9DH!?[[WD!!m+7,($1!+.!:#+0%'#(%#!>27%$*'+(H!AD!!WNH!(D!?H!4D!PXX5PY?D!!EK/l>fH!fD!?[[YD!>C41+,'()!$(!'(B7',-58$0#2!1#$,('()!$44,+$%&!I'*&!.',0*5-#$,!0*72#(*0!!'(!$!1$,)#!7(2#,),$27$*#!%1$00D!/((+A$*'+(0!'(!#27%$*'+(!$(2!*#$%&'()!'(*#,($*'+($1!OOJ!N5PWD!!;"LnL;H!hD!$(2!K>@@EVH!mD>DH!PZZWD!!L0#!+.!$(!'(A#0*')$*'A#!0#6#0*#,51#()*&!1$8+,$*+,-!!4,+F#%*!'(!$(!'(*,+27%*+,-!6'%,+8'+1+)-!%+7,0#H!m+7,($1!+.!M+11#)#!;%'#(%#!"#$%&'()H!AD!?WH!4D!PNX5PNZD!!UBICK, D., P. PAQUIN, P. E. CUSHING, and V. ROTH, eds. 2005. Spiders of North America: an identification manual. American Arachnological Society. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

?N!!'

Biogeography Documents PDF, PPT , Doc

[PDF] biogeographic zones

1. Science

2. Earth Science

3. Biogeography

[PDF] biogeographic zones meaning

[PDF] biogeographic zones of india

[PDF] biogeographic zones of india map

[PDF] biogeographic zones of india pdf

[PDF] biogeographic zones of india ppt

[PDF] biogeographic zones of india upsc

[PDF] biogeographic zones of world

[PDF] biogeographical

[PDF] biogeography a study of plants in the ecosphere

12345 Next 200000 acticles