[PDF] BIOSTATISTIQUES - Cours-univfr

PDF document for free

1. PDF document for free

33418_6cours020212.pdf

[{{ Α {ĻƒĻƭƷƩĻ Ў Α .źƚƭƷğƷźƭƷźƨǒĻƭ Ώ Њ

.Lh{!L{Lv...9{

ŷźĻƩƩǤ IL.!... Ώ ŷźĻƩƩǤ͵IL.!...θǒƓźĭĻ͵ŅƩ

Lbwh5.../Lhb

[Ļ ƭźƷĻ źƓƷĻƩƓĻƷ ķĻ ƌ͸ĻƓƭĻźŭƓĻƒĻƓƷ ΛǞǞǞ͵ǒƓźĭĻ͵ŅƩΉ[9a[ΉtğŭĻƭΉŷźĻƩƩǤΉŷźĻƩƩǤ͵ŷƷƒΜ ĭƚƒƦƩĻƓķ ķĻƭ ķźğƦƚƩğƒğƭ

ķĻ ĭƚǒƩƭ ğźƓƭź ƨǒĻ ķĻƭ ƷğĬƌĻƭ ƭƷğƷźƭƷźƨǒĻƭ Ġ ƷĽƌĽĭŷğƩŭĻƩ͵ /Ļƭ ƭǒƦƦƚƩƷƭ ƓĻ ķźƭƦĻƓƭĻƓƷ Ʀğƭ ķĻ ƦƩĽƭĻƓĭĻ ĻƓ ĭƚǒƩƭ

ƒğŭźƭƷƩğƌͲ ĭĻƩƷğźƓƭ ƦƚźƓƷƭ ƦƚǒǝğƓƷ ƚǒ ƓƚƓ Ǥ ľƷƩĻ ğĬƚƩķĽƭ͵ [ƚƩƭ ķĻƭ 5Ͳ źƌ ƭĻƩğ ƓĽĭĻƭƭğźƩĻ ķ͸ğƦƦƚƩƷĻƩ ĭƚǒƩƭͲ

ƷğĬƌĻƭ ƭƷğƷźƭƷźƨǒĻƭͲ ŅğƭĭźĭǒƌĻ ķĻ 5Ͳ ĭğƌĭǒƌğƷƩźĭĻͲ ğźƓƭź ƨǒĻ ƭĻƭ ĻǣĻƩĭźĭĻƭ ƦƩĽƦğƩĽƭ͵

[Ļƭ ƦƩĽƩĻƨǒźƭ ĻƓ ƒğƷŷĽƒğƷźƨǒĻƭ ƭƚƓƷ ƩĻƌğƷźǝĻƒĻƓƷ ŅğźĬƌĻƭͲ ƌĻ ĭƚǒƩƭ ĽƷğƓƷ ĬğƭĽ ƭǒƩ ƌ͸ğƦƦƩĻƓƷźƭƭğŭĻ ķĻ

ƌ͸ǒƷźƌźƭğƷźƚƓ ķ͸ƚǒƷźƌƭ źƓķźƭƦĻƓƭğĬƌĻƭ Ġ ƌğ ƦƚǒƩƭǒźƷĻ ķĻƭ ĽƷǒķĻƭ ĻƓ ƒğƭƷĻƩ ĻƷ Ġ ǒƓĻ ĭğƩƩźļƩĻ ƭĭźĻƓƷźŅźƨǒĻ ĻƓ ŭĽƓĽƩğƌ͵

.... 59{ {!L{Lv...9{

[Ļƭ ƭƷğƷźƭƷźƨǒĻƭ ƦĻƩƒĻƷƷĻƓƷ ķĻ ĭƚƓŅźƩƒĻƩ ƚǒ ķ͸źƓŅźƩƒĻƩ ǒƓĻ

ŷǤƦƚƷŷļƭĻ ğǝĻĭ ǒƓĻ ƒğƩŭĻ ķ͸ĻƩƩĻǒƩ ƌğ Ʀƌǒƭ ƦĻƷźƷĻ ƦƚƭƭźĬƌĻͲ

ĻƷΉƚǒ ƦƩĽķźƩĻ ǒƓ ĽǝļƓĻƒĻƓƷ Ġ ƌ͸ğźķĻ ķ͸ƚǒƷźƌƭ͵ Lƌ ĻǣźƭƷĻ ķĻǒǣ

ƷǤƦĻƭ ķĻ ƭƷğƷźƭƷźƨǒĻƭ ʹ

• [Ļƭ ƭƷğƷźƭƷźƨǒĻƭ ķĻƭĭƩźƦƷźǝĻƭͲ ƦĻƩƒĻƷƷğƓƷ ķĻ ķĽĭƩźƩĻ

ǒƓĻ ƭĽƩźĻ ķĻ ķƚƓƓĽĻƭ

• [Ļƭ ƭƷğƷźƭƷźƨǒĻƭ źƓŅĽƩĻƓƷźĻƌƌĻƭͲ ĭƚƓƭźƭƷğƓƷ ĻƓ ķĻƭ ƷĻƭƷƭ

ƦĻƩƒĻƷƷğƓƷ ķĻ ĭƚƓŅźƩƒĻƩ ƚǒ źƓŅźƩƒĻƩ ǒƓĻ ŷǤƦƚƷŷļƭĻ

{ǒƩ ƌ͸ƚƩŭğƓźŭƩğƒƒĻ ĭźΏĭƚƓƷƩĻ ƩĻƦƩĽƭĻƓƷğƓƷ ƌĻ ƦƩƚĭĻƭƭǒƭ ķĻ

ķĽƒğƩĭŷĻ ƭĭźĻƓƷźŅźƨǒĻͲ ƌĻƭ ƷĻƭƷƭ ƭƷğƷźƭƷźƨǒĻƭ ƦĻƩƒĻƷƷĻƓƷ ķ͸ǒƓĻ

ƦğƩƷ ƌ͸źƓƷĻƩƦƩĽƷğƷźƚƓ ķĻƭ ƩĽƭǒƌƷğƷƭͲ ĻƷ ķ͸ğǒƷƩĻ ƦğƩ ƌğ

ĭƚƓŅźƩƒğƷźƚƓ ƚǒ ƌ͸źƓŅƚƩƒğƷźƚƓ ķ͸ǒƓĻ ŷǤƦƚƷŷļƭĻ͵

{!L{Lv...9{ 59{/wLtL9{

L59bLCL/!Lhb 59{ 5hbb99{

[ğ ƦƚƦǒƌğƷźƚƓ ĭźĬƌĻ ĻƭƷ ƌğ ƦƚƦǒƌğƷźƚƓ ķ͸źƓƷĽƩľƷ͵ 9ƌƌĻ ĭƚƓƭźƭƷĻ

ĻƓ ƌ͸ĻƓƭĻƒĬƌĻ ķĻƭ ĽƌĽƒĻƓƷƭ ĻƓ ƦƩźƓĭźƦĻ ǝźƭĽƭ ƦğƩ

ƌ͸ĽĭŷğƓƷźƌƌƚƓƓğŭĻ͵ vǒĻƌƌĻ ĻƭƷ ƌğ ƦƚƦǒƌğƷźƚƓ ĭźĬƌĻ ͪ Lƌ ƭ͸ğŭźƷ ķĻ

ƌğ ƦƚƦǒƌğƷźƚƓ ƭǒƩ ƌğƨǒĻƌƌĻ ƚƓ ğźƒĻƩğźƷ ĬźĻƓ ƨǒĻ ƌĻƭ ĭƚƓĭƌǒƭźƚƓƭ

ķĻ ƌ͸ĽƷǒķĻ ƦƚƩƷĻƓƷ͵ 5ğƓƭ ƌĻ ĭğķƩĻ ķ͸ĽƷǒķĻƭ ƭǒƩ ƌ͸ŷƚƒƒĻ ƦğƩ

ĻǣĻƒƦƌĻͲ ĭĻƌƌĻΏĭź ƭĻƩğźƷ Iƚƒƚ ƭğƦźĻƓƭ͵

[ğ ƦƚƦǒƌğƷźƚƓ ƭƷğƷźƭƷźƨǒĻ ƦĻƩƒĻƷ ķĻ ƦƩĽĭźƭĻƩ ƓƚƷƩĻ

ĽĭŷğƓƷźƌƌƚƓƓğŭĻ ʹ ĭ͸ĻƭƷ ƌ͸ĻƓƭĻƒĬƌĻ ķĻƭ ĽƌĽƒĻƓƷƭ

ĻŅŅĻĭƷźǝĻƒĻƓƷ ƩĻƦƩĽƭĻƓƷĽƭ ƦğƩ ĭĻƌǒźΏĭź͵ [Ļƭ ĽƌĽƒĻƓƷƭ ƨǒź ƌğ

ĭƚƒƦƚƭĻƓƷ ƭĻ ĭğƩğĭƷĽƩźƭĻƓƷ ƦğƩ ğǒ ƒƚźƓƭ ǒƓĻ ĭğƩğĭƷĽƩźƭƷźƨǒĻ

[{{ Α {ĻƒĻƭƷƩĻ Ў Α .źƚƭƷğƷźƭƷźƨǒĻƭ Ώ Ћ

ĭƚƒƒǒƓĻ ĻƷ ĻǣĭƌǒƭźǝĻ ƨǒź ƦĻƩƒĻƷ ķĻ ƌĻƭ ķźƭƷźƓŭǒĻƩ ƭğƓƭ ğƒĬźŭǗźƷĽ͵ vǒĻƌƌĻ ĻƭƷ ƌğ ƦƚƦǒƌğƷźƚƓ ƭƷğƷźƭƷźƨǒĻͪ Lƌ ŅğǒƷ

ƒĻƓƷźƚƓƓĻƩ ƌğ ƚǒ ƌĻƭ ĭğƩğĭƷĽƩźƭƷźƨǒĻƭ ƨǒź ƦĻƩƒĻƷƷĻƓƷ ķĻ ƌğ ķźƭƷźƓŭǒĻƩ ķĻ ƷƚǒƷĻ ğǒƷƩĻ ƦƚƦǒƌğƷźƚƓ ƭƷğƷźƭƷźƨǒĻ͵

wĻƦƩĻƓğƓƷ ƓƚƷƩĻ ĻǣĻƒƦƌĻͲ Ɠƚǒƭ ƷƩğǝğźƌƌĻƩƚƓƭ ƦğƩ ĻǣĻƒƦƌĻ ƭǒƩ ķĻƭ ŅƩğƓIJğźƭ͵

[͸ĽĭŷğƓƷźƌƌƚƓ ΛƭğƒƦƌĻΜ ĻƭƷ ƌĻ ŅƩğŭƒĻƓƷ ķ͸ǒƓ ĻƓƭĻƒĬƌĻ ƦƩĽƌĻǝĽ ƦƚǒƩ ƆǒŭĻƩ ķĻ ĭĻƷ ĻƓƭĻƒĬƌĻ͵ hǒͲ ķźƷ ķ͸ǒƓĻ ğǒƷƩĻ

ŅğIJƚƓͲ ƌğ ŅƩğĭƷźƚƓ ķĻ ƌğ ƦƚƦǒƌğƷźƚƓ ƭƷğƷźƭƷźƨǒĻ ƭǒƩ ƌğƨǒĻƌƌĻ ķĻƭ ƒĻƭǒƩĻƭ ƭƚƓƷ ŅğźƷĻƭ ƦƚǒƩ ĭƚƓƓğŽƷƩĻ ƌĻƭ ƦƩƚƦƩźĽƷĽƭ

ķĻ ĭĻƷƷĻ ƦƚƦǒƌğƷźƚƓ͵ [͸ĽĭŷğƓƷźƌƌƚƓ ΛƓƚƷƩĻ ƭĽƌĻĭƷźƚƓ ƦğƩ ƌĻ ŷğƭğƩķ ƚǒ ƓƚƓ ķĻ ŅƩğƓIJğźƭΜ ĻƭƷ źķĻƓƷźŅźĽ ƦğƩ ƭƚƓ

ĻŅŅĻĭƷźŅͲ ƓƚƷĽ Ɠ͵ [͸ĽĭŷğƓƷźƌƌƚƓƓğŭĻ ƦĻǒƷ ľƷƩĻ ķĻ ķĻǒǣ ƷǤƦĻƭ ʹ

• 9ĭŷğƓƷźƌƌƚƓƓğŭĻ ğƌĽğƷƚźƩĻ ƭźƒƦƌĻͲ ğǒ ƭĻźƓ ķǒƨǒĻƌ ƚƓ ƦƩĽƌļǝĻ ğǒ ŷğƭğƩķ ĻƷ ķĻ ŅğIJƚƓ źƓķĽƦĻƓķğƓƷĻ ǒƓ

ĭĻƩƷğźƓ ƓƚƒĬƩĻ Ɠ ķ͸ĽƌĽƒĻƓƷƭ ķĻ ƌğ ƦƚƦǒƌğƷźƚƓ ƭƷğƷźƭƷźƨǒĻ Ġ b ĽƌĽƒĻƓƷƭ͵ /ŷğƨǒĻ ĽƌĽƒĻƓƷ ķĻ ƌğ

ƦƚƦǒƌğƷźƚƓ ķƚźƷ ğǝƚźƩ ƌğ ƒľƒĻ ƦƩƚĬğĬźƌźƷĽ ķ͸ľƷƩĻ ƭĽƌĻĭƷźƚƓƓĽ͵ 9ǣĻƒƦƌĻ ʹ ƒĻƭǒƩĻ ķĻ ƌğ ƷğźƌƌĻ ķĻƭ

ƦĻƩƭƚƓƓĻƭ ƦƩĽƭĻƓƷĻƭ ķğƓƭ ƌ͸ğƒƦŷź ƭǒƩ ǒƓ ĻŅŅĻĭƷźŅ ƓўЊЉ ƦĻƩƭƚƓƓĻƭ͵

• 9ĭŷğƓƷźƌƌƚƓƓğŭĻ ƩĻƦƩĽƭĻƓƷğƷźŅͲ ƩĻŅƌĽƷğƓƷ ŅźķļƌĻƒĻƓƷ ƌğ ĭƚƒƦƌĻǣźƷĽ ĻƷ ƌğ ĭƚƒƦƚƭźƷźƚƓ ķĻ ƌğ ƦƚƦǒƌğƷźƚƓ͵

[͸ĽĭŷğƓƷźƌƌƚƓƓğŭĻ ğƌĽğƷƚźƩĻ ğźƓƭź ƨǒĻ ƌ͸źƓǝĻƓƷğźƩĻ ĻǣŷğǒƭƷźŅ ƚǒ ƩĻĭĻƓƭĻƒĻƓƷ ƭƚƓƷ ķĻǒǣ ŅğIJƚƓƭ ķ͸ƚĬƷĻƓźƩ

ǒƓ ĽĭŷğƓƷźƌƌƚƓ ƩĻƦƩĽƭĻƓƷğƷźŅ ķ͸ǒƓĻ ƦƚƦǒƌğƷźƚƓ͵ 9ǣĻƒƦƌĻ ʹ ĻƓ ŅƚƓĭƷźƚƓ ķĻ ƌğ ĭƚƓƓğźƭƭğƓĭĻ ķǒ ƭǤƭƷļƒĻ

ĽƷǒķźĽͲ ƚƓ ƦĻǒƷ ĽĭŷğƓƷźƌƌƚƓƓĻƩ ǒƓźƨǒĻƒĻƓƷ ƌĻƭ ƦĻƩƭƚƓƓĻƭ ĬƩǒƓĻƭ͵

[͸ĽƌĽƒĻƓƷ ĭƚƩƩĻƭƦƚƓķ ğǒ ƒĻƒĬƩĻ ķ͸ǒƓĻ ƦƚƦǒƌğƷźƚƓ ƭƷğƷźƭƷźƨǒĻ ΛƭƦĽĭźƒĻƓͲ ƦƩĽƌļǝĻƒĻƓƷ ķ͸ĻğǒͲ źƓķźǝźķǒΜ͵ vǒĻƌ

ĻƭƷ ƌ͸ĽƌĽƒĻƓƷ ͪ Lƌ ŅğǒƷ ƌĻ ķĽŅźƓźƩ ķĻ ƒğƓźļƩĻ Ġ ƦƚǒǝƚźƩ ƌĻ ƩĻĭƚƓƓğŽƷƩĻ ƭğƓƭ ğƒĬźŭǗźƷĽ͵ /͸ĻƭƷ ƭǒƩ ƌ͸ĽƌĽƒĻƓƷ ƨǒĻ ƌ͸ƚƓ

ĻŅŅĻĭƷǒĻƩğ ƌğ ƒĻƭǒƩĻ ķĻ ǝğƩźğĬƌĻƭ͵ 9Ɠ ĻǣƦĽƩźƒĻƓƷğƷźƚƓͲ ƭź ƌ͸ƚƓ ƦƚƭĻ ƷƩļƭ ĭƌğźƩĻƒĻƓƷ ƌĻƭ ŷǤƦƚƷŷļƭĻƭ ĻƷ ƨǒĻ ƌ͸ƚƓ

ķĽŅźƓźƷ ĻǣğĭƷĻƒĻƓƷ ƌĻƭ ĽƌĽƒĻƓƷƭͲ ƌ͸ğƓğƌǤƭĻ ķĻ ķƚƓƓĽĻƭ ĻƷ ƌ͸źƓƷĻƩƦƩĽƷğƷźƚƓ ķĻ ƩĽƭǒƌƷğƷƭ ĻƓ ķĽĭƚǒƌĻƩğ

ƓğƷǒƩĻƌƌĻƒĻƓƷ͵

[ğ ǝğƩźğĬƌĻ ĭƚƩƩĻƭƦƚƓķ Ġ ĭĻ ƨǒĻ ƌ͸ƚƓ ƒĻƭǒƩĻƩğ ƭǒƩ ƓƚƷƩĻ ĽĭŷğƓƷźƌƌƚƓ ʹ ĭ͸ĻƭƷ ĭĻ ƨǒź ƌĻ ķĽĭƩźƩğ͵ tƌǒƭ ŅƚƩƒĻƌƌĻƒĻƓƷͲ

ǒƓĻ ǝğƩźğĬƌĻ ĭƚƓƭźƭƷĻ ĻƓ ƷƚǒƷĻ ĭğƩğĭƷĽƩźƭƷźƨǒĻ ƒĻƭǒƩğĬƌĻ ƚǒ ƚĬƭĻƩǝğĬƌĻ ƭǒƩ ǒƓ ĽƌĽƒĻƓƷ ķ͸ĽĭŷğƓƷźƌƌƚƓƓğŭĻ

ΛǝğƩźğĬƌĻ ƦƩƚƦƩĻΜ ƚǒ ƭǒƩ ƭƚƓ ĻƓǝźƩƚƓƓĻƒĻƓƷ ΛǝğƩźğĬƌĻ ğƭƭƚĭźĽĻΜ͵ tğƩ ĻǣĻƒƦƌĻͲ ǒƓ ķĻƭĭƩźƦƷĻǒƩͲ ĭğƩğĭƷļƩĻͲ

ğƷƷƩźĬǒƷͲ ƚĬƭĻƩǝğƷźƚƓͲ ƷƩğźƷͲ ƦƩƚŅźƌ ΛĻƓ ŭĽƚƦŷǤƭźƨǒĻΜͲ źƷĻƒ ΛķğƓƭ ƌĻƭ ƨǒĻƭƷźƚƓƓğźƩĻƭ ķĻ ƦƭǤĭŷƚƌƚŭźĻΜͲ ƭƷźƒǒƌǒƭ

ΛķğƓƭ ǒƓĻ ĽƷǒķĻ ķǒ ĭƚƒƦƚƩƷĻƒĻƓƷΜ͵ Lƌ ĻǣźƭƷĻ ķźŅŅĽƩĻƓƷƭ ƷǤƦĻƭ ķĻ ǝğƩźğĬƌĻƭͲ ƦƩĽƭĻƓƷĽĻƭ ķğƓƭ ƌĻ ƷğĬƌĻğǒ ĭźΏ

ķĻƭƭƚǒƭ͵

[{{ Α {ĻƒĻƭƷƩĻ Ў Α .źƚƭƷğƷźƭƷźƨǒĻƭ Ώ Ќ

w9tw9{9b!Lhb 59{ 5hbb99{

[͸ƚĬƆĻĭƷźŅ ķĻ ƌğ ƩĻƦƩĽƭĻƓƷğƷźƚƓ ķĻ ķƚƓƓĽĻƭ ĻƭƷ ƌğ ƷƩğƓƭƒźƭƭźƚƓ ķ͸ǒƓ ƒĻƭƭğŭĻ ĭƌğźƩ ğǒ ƌĻĭƷĻǒƩ͵ [Ļ ŭƩğƦŷźƨǒĻ ƌĻ

Ʀƌǒƭ ƭźƒƦƌĻ ĻƭƷ ƷƚǒƆƚǒƩƭ ƌĻ Ʀƌǒƭ ĭƌğźƩ͵

tƩĻƓƚƓƭ ƌ͸ĻǣĻƒƦƌĻ ķĻ ƌğ ĭƚƒƦğƩğźƭƚƓ ĻƓƷƩĻ ƌğ ƷğźƌƌĻ ķĻƭ ŅźƌƌĻƭ ĬƌƚƓķĻƭ ĻƷ ƩƚǒƭƭĻƭ ķĻ ƓƚƷƩĻ ğƒƦŷź͵ [ğ ƷğźƌƌĻ ĻƭƷ źĭź

ǒƓĻ ǝğƩźğĬƌĻ ƨǒğƓƷźƷğƷźǝĻ ĭƚƓƷźƓǒĻͲ źƓķǒźƭğƓƷ ǒƓĻ ƭĽƩźĻ ķĻ ķƚƓƓĽĻƭ ƨǒĻ ƌ͸ƚƓ ķĻǝƩğ ƩĻƦƩĽƭĻƓƷĻƩ͵ [Ļ ĭŷƚźǣ ķĻ ƌğ

ƒĽƷŷƚķĻ ķĻ ƩĻƦƩĽƭĻƓƷğƷźƚƓ ƭĻ ŅğźƷ ƭĻƌƚƓ ƌĻ ƷǤƦĻ ķĻ ƭĽƩźĻ ƭƷğƷźƭƷźƨǒĻ ΛƭźƒƦƌĻ ƚǒ ķƚǒĬƌĻΜͲ ĻƷ ƌĻ ƷǤƦĻ ķĻ ǝğƩźğĬƌĻ

ΛƨǒğƌźƷğƷźǝĻͲ ƨǒğƓƷźƷğƷźǝĻ ķźƭĭƩļƷĻ ƚǒ ĭƚƓƷźƓǒĻΜ͵

5ğƓƭ ƌĻ ĭğķƩĻ ķĻ ƭĽƩźĻƭ ƭƷğƷźƭƷźƨǒĻƭ ƭźƒƦƌĻƭͲ ǒƓĻ ƭĻǒƌĻ ǝğƩźğĬƌĻ ĻƭƷ ƚĬƭĻƩǝĽĻ ƭǒƩ ĭŷğƨǒĻ ĽƌĽƒĻƓƷ͵ [Ļƭ

ƩĻƦƩĽƭĻƓƷğƷźƚƓƭ Ġ ǒƷźƌźƭĻƩ ƭƚƓƷ źƓĭźķĻƒƒĻƓƷ ʹ

• ...Ɠ ƷğĬƌĻğǒͲ ƦƚǒƩ ƌĻƭ ķźƭƷƩźĬǒƷźƚƓƭ ķĻ ŅƩĽƨǒĻƓĭĻƭͲ

• ...ƓĻ ŅźŭǒƩĻͲ ķźŅŅĽƩĻƓƷĻ ĻƓ ŅƚƓĭƷźƚƓ ķǒ ƷǤƦĻ ķĻ ǝğƩźğĬƌĻ ʹ

o vǒğƌźƷğƷźǝĻ ƚǒ ķźƭĭƩļƷĻ ʹ ▪ 5źğŭƩğƒƒĻ ĻƓ ĬĢƷƚƓƭ ▪ /ğƒĻƒĬĻƩƷ o vǒğƓƷźƷğƷźǝĻ ĭƚƓƷźƓǒĻ ʹ ▪ tƚƌǤŭƚƓĻ ķĻ ŅƩĽƨǒĻƓĭĻƭ ▪ IźƭƷƚŭƩğƒƒĻ ▪ /ƚǒƩĬĻ ķĻ ŅƩĽƨǒĻƓĭĻƭ

!wL!.[9 v...![L!L9 Λh... {9aL

v...!bL!L9 ! C!L.[9 bha.w9

59 /[!{{9{Μ

/ŷğƨǒĻ ĭğƷĽŭƚƩźĻ ķ͸ƚĬƭĻƩǝğƷźƚƓƭ ŅƚƩƒĻ ǒƓĻ

ĭƌğƭƭĻ͵ hƓ ķĽƓƚƒĬƩĻ ƌĻƭ ĽƌĽƒĻƓƷƭ ķĻ

ĭŷğĭǒƓĻ ķ͸ĻƓƷƩĻ ĻƌƌĻƭ͵ tƩĻƓƚƓƭ ƌ͸ĻǣĻƒƦƌĻ ķĻ

ƷğĬƌĻğǒ ķĻ ķźƭƷƩźĬǒƷźƚƓ ķĻ ŅƩĽƨǒĻƓĭĻƭ ķĻ

ƦƚƦǒƌğƷźƚƓƭ ķĻ ƭƚǒƩźƭ ĻƓ ŅƚƓĭƷźƚƓ ķĻ ƌĻǒƩ

ƭƷğķĻ ķĻ ķĽǝĻƌƚƦƦĻƒĻƓƷ͵

!wL!.[9 v...!bL!L9 Λh... {9aL v...!bL!L9 ! Dw!b5 bha.w9 59 /[!{{9{Μ

9!.[Lw 59{ /[!{{9{

/Ļƭ ǝğƩźğĬƌĻƭ ƭƚƓƷ Ʀƌǒƭ ĭƚƒƦƌĻǣĻƭ Ġ ƩĻƦƩĽƭĻƓƷĻƩ͵ Lƌ ĻƭƷ ƓĽĭĻƭƭğźƩĻ ķĻ ƩĻŭƩƚǒƦĻƩ ƌĻƭ ƚĬƭĻƩǝğƷźƚƓƭ ƦƚǒƩ ĽƷğĬƌźƩ

ķĻƭ ĭƌğƭƭĻƭ ĻƓ ŅƚƓĭƷźƚƓ ķĻ ǝğƌĻǒƩƭ ŅźǣĻƭ ķ͸ǒƓĻ ǝğƩźğĬƌĻ ķźƭĭƩļƷĻ ƚǒ ƭĻƒź ƨǒğƓƷźƷğƷźǝĻ ΛĻǣĻƒƦƌĻ ʹ ĢŭĻўЊͲ ЋͲ Ќ

ğƓƭͶΜͲ ķ͸ǒƓĻ ķźǝźƭźƚƓ źƒƦƚƭĽĻ ƦğƩ ƌğ ƷŷĽƚƩźĻ ΛĻǣĻƒƦƌĻ ʹ ƆǒǝĽƓźƌĻƭͲ ğķǒƌƷĻƭͲ ĻƷĭ͵ͶΜͲ ƚǒ ķ͸ǒƷźƌźƭĻƩ ķĻƭ ƩļŭƌĻƭ

ƒğƷŷĽƒğƷźƨǒĻƭ ƦĻƩƒĻƷƷğƓƷ ƌğ ƦƩƚķǒĭƷźƚƓ ķ͸ǒƓ ƓƚƒĬƩĻ ğķĽƨǒğƷ ķĻ ĭƌğƭƭĻƭ͵ tğƩƒź ĻƌƌĻƭ ʹ

• wļŭƌĻ ķĻ {ƷǒƩŭĻ ʹ ݧݨݦݛݫݞ ݝݞ ݜݥݚݬݬݞݬ ൩ 1 ൢ ቗3,322.log቗ݧቘቘ

• wļŭƌĻ ķĻ —ǒƌĻ ʹ ݧݨݦݛݫݞ ݝݞ ݜݥݚݬݬݞݬ ൩ 2,5.√ݧ

్൩ 2,5.ෂ√ݧ

5ğƓƭ ƌĻƭ ķĻǒǣ ĭğƭͲ Ɠƚǒƭ ğƩƩƚƓķźƩƚƓƭ ƌĻ ƓƚƒĬƩĻ ķĻ ĭƌğƭƭĻƭ Ġ ƌ͸ĻƓƷźĻƩ ƌĻ Ʀƌǒƭ ƦƩƚĭŷĻͲ ƌĻ ƓƚƒĬƩĻ ķĻ ĭƌğƭƭĻƭ ĽƷğƓƷ

ǒƓ ĻƓƷźĻƩ͵

[{{ Α {ĻƒĻƭƷƩĻ Ў Α .źƚƭƷğƷźƭƷźƨǒĻƭ Ώ Ѝ

59CLbLw [9{ .hwb9{Ͳ Lb9w![[9{ 9 Lb5L/9{ 59 /[!{{9

tƚǒƩ ķĽƷĻƩƒźƓĻƩ ƌĻƭ źƓƷĻƩǝğƌƌĻƭ ĻƷ ƌĻƭ ĬƚƩƓĻƭ ķĻ ĭƌğƭƭĻ ʹ

• [ğ ĬƚƩƓĻ źƓŅĽƩźĻǒƩĻ ķ͸ǒƓĻ ĭƌğƭƭĻ ĻƭƷ ƌğ Ʀƌǒƭ ƦĻƷźƷĻ ǝğƌĻǒƩ ğķƒźƭĻ ķğƓƭ ƌğ ĭƌğƭƭĻ

• [ğ ĬƚƩƓĻ ƭǒƦĽƩźĻǒƩĻ ķ͸ǒƓĻ ĭƌğƭƭĻ ĻƭƷ ğǒ ĭƚƓƷƩğźƩĻ ƌğ Ʀƌǒƭ ŭƩğƓķĻ ǝğƌĻǒƩ ğķƒźƭĻ ķğƓƭ ƌğ ĭƌğƭƭĻ

• [͸źƓƷĻƩǝğƌƌĻ ķĻ ĭƌğƭƭĻ ƭĻ ĭğƌĭǒƌĻ ğƦƦƩƚǣźƒğƷźǝĻƒĻƓƷ ğǝĻĭ ƌğ ŅƚƩƒǒƌĻ ƭǒźǝğƓƷĻ ʹ

ఆ௱௼௵అం ௽௱ఈଡ଼ఆ௱௼௵అం ௽௹௾

௾௿௽௲ం௵ ௴௵ ௳௼௱ఃః௵ః

• [͸źƓķźĭĻ ķĻ ĭƌğƭƭĻ ĭƚƩƩĻƭƦƚƓķ Ġ ƌğ ǝğƌĻǒƩ ĭĻƓƷƩğƌĻ ķĻ ƌğ ĭƌğƭƭĻ͵

Lƌ ŅğǒƷ ŅğźƩĻ ĻƓ ƭƚƩƷĻ ķĻ ŅğźƩĻ ĭƚſƓĭźķĻƩ ƌĻƭ ĬƚƩƓĻƭ ĻƷ ƌĻƭ źƓķźĭĻƭ ķĻ ĭƌğƭƭĻ ğǝĻĭ ķĻƭ ƓƚƒĬƩĻƭ ĭƚƒƦƚƩƷğƓƷ ƦĻǒ ķĻ

ķĽĭźƒğƌĻƭͲ ĻƷ ķĽƌźƒźƷĻƩ ķĻƭ ĭƌğƭƭĻƭ ķ͸ĽŭğƌĻ ĽƷĻƓķǒĻ ƓĻ ƭĻ ĭŷĻǝğǒĭŷğƓƷ Ʀğƭ͵

59bha.w9a9b

9ƓŅźƓͲ źƌ ŅğǒƷ ķĽƓƚƒĬƩĻƩ ƌĻƭ ĽƌĽƒĻƓƷƭ ğƦƦğƩƷĻƓğƓƷ Ġ ĭŷğƨǒĻ ĭƌğƭƭĻ ΛŅƩĽƨǒĻƓĭĻ ğĬƭƚƌǒĻ ƚǒ ĻŅŅĻĭƷźŅ ķĻ ƌğ ĭƌğƭƭĻΜ͵

9-9at[9

tƩĻƓƚƓƭ ƌğ ƌƚƓŭǒĻǒƩ ƷƚƷğƌĻ ķǒ ĭƩĢƓĻ ΛƒƒΜ ƦƚǒƩ ǒƓ ƭƚǒƭΏ

ĽĭŷğƓƷźƌƌƚƓ ķĻ ЏЉ ƭƚǒƩźƭ ƭǤƌǝĻƭƷƩĻƭ ğķǒƌƷĻƭ ΛLͲ LL ĻƷ LLLΜͲ

ƷźƩĽ ķ͸ǒƓ ĽĭŷğƓƷźƌƌƚƓ ķĻ ЊЋЋ ƭƚǒƩźƭ ķĻ [ğƓķƩǤ ΛЋЉЉЉΜ͵

[͸ĻŅŅĻĭƷźŅ ķĻ ƌ͸ĽĭŷğƓƷźƌƌƚƓ ĻƭƷ ķĻ ƓўЏЉ͵

• /ƚƒĬźĻƓ ķĻ ĭƌğƭƭĻƭ ͪ {ĻƌƚƓ ƌĻƭ ƩļŭƌĻƭ ķĻ

{ƷǒƩŭĻ ĻƷ —ǒƌĻͲ Ɠƚǒƭ ķĻǝƩƚƓƭ ķƚƓĭ ķĽŅźƓźƩ А

ĭƌğƭƭĻƭ͵

• vǒĻƌƌĻ ƭĻƩğ ƌ͸ĽƷĻƓķǒĻ ķĻƭ ĭƌğƭƭĻƭ ͪ [͸ĽƷĻƓķǒĻ

ķĻ ǝğƩźğƷźƚƓ ķĻ ƌğ ǝğƩźğĬƌĻ ĻƭƷ ķĻ ЉͲЎƒƒ͵

• .ƚƩƓĻƭͲ źƓƷĻƩǝğƌƌĻƭ ĻƷ źƓķźĭĻ ķĻƭ ĭƌğƭƭĻƭ ͪ !ƷƷĻƓƷźƚƓͲ Ɠƚǒƭ ǝƚǒƌƚƓƭ ķĻƭ ǝğƌĻǒƩƭ ƭźƒƦƌĻƭ ğǝĻĭ ƷƩļƭ ƦĻǒ

ķĻ ķĽĭźƒğƌĻƭ ͧ [ğ ǝğƌĻǒƩ ƒźƓźƒǒƒ ķĻƭ ķƚƓƓĽĻƭ ĻƭƷ ķĻ ЋЋͲЋБ͵ bƚǒƭ ğǝƚƓƭ А ĭƌğƭƭĻƭ ķĻ ЉͲЎƒƒ ĭŷğĭǒƓĻ͵

...ƓĻ ƭĽƩźĻ ƭźƒƦƌĻ ķƚƓƓĻƩğźƷ ƌĻƭ źƓķźĭĻƭ ķĻ ĭƌğƭƭĻ ƭǒźǝğƓƷƭ ʹ ЋЋͲЎͲ ЋЌͲЉͲ ЋЌͲЎͲ ЋЍͲЉͲ ЋЍͲЎͲ ЋЎͲЉͲ ЋЎͲЎ͵

[Ļƭ ĬƚƩƓĻƭ źƓŅĽƩźĻǒƩĻ ĻƷ ƭǒƦĽƩźĻǒƩĻ ķĻ ƌğ ƦƩĻƒźļƩĻ ĭƌğƭƭĻ ƭƚƓƷ ЋЋͲЋЎ ĻƷ ЋЋͲАЎͲ ĻƷ ĭĻƌƌĻƭ ķĻ ƌğ ķĻƩƓźļƩĻ

ĭƌğƭƭĻ ЋЎͲЋЎ ĻƷ ЋЎͲАЎ͵ bƚƭ ĭƌğƭƭĻƭ źƓĭƌǒĻƓƷ ķƚƓĭ ƌ͸ĻƓƭĻƒĬƌĻ ķĻƭ ЏЉ ķƚƓƓĽĻƭͲ ĭĻ ƨǒź ĻƭƷ ƓĽĭĻƭƭğźƩĻ͵

!ƷƷĻƓƷźƚƓͲ ƌĻƭ ĭƌğƭƭĻƭ ƓĻ ƭĻ ĭŷĻǝğǒĭŷĻƓƷ ƆğƒğźƭͲ ƌğ ĬƚƩƓĻ ƭǒƦĽƩźĻǒƩĻ ĻƭƷ ŭĽƓĽƩğƌĻƒĻƓƷ ĻǣĭƌǒĻ ķĻ

ƌ͸źƓƷĻƩǝğƌƌĻ ķĻ ĭƌğƭƭĻ͵

h/!....[!Lw9

[Ļƭ ķźŅŅĽƩĻƓƷĻƭ ŅƩĽƨǒĻƓĭĻƭ ʹ

• CƩĽƨǒĻƓĭĻ ğĬƭƚƌǒĻͲ ƓƚƷĽĻ Ņ

• CƩĽƨǒĻƓĭĻ ƩĻƌğƷźǝĻͲ ƓƚƷĽĻ Ņ

ƩĻƌͲ ĽŭğƌĻ Ġ ŅΉƓ • tƚǒƩĭĻƓƷğŭĻͲ ƓƚƷĽ іͲ ЊЉЉ͵Ņ

ƩĻƌ

• CƩĽƨǒĻƓĭĻ ĭǒƒǒƌĽĻ ķ͸ǒƓĻ ĭƌğƭƭĻͲ ƓƚƷĽĻ Ņ

ĭǒƒͲ ĭƚƩƩĻƭƦƚƓķ ğǒ ĭǒƒǒƌ ƭƷĻƦΏĬǤΏƭƷĻƦ ķĻƭ ŅƩĽƨǒĻƓĭĻƭ

ğĬƭƚƌǒĻƭͲ ƌğ ķĻƩƓźļƩĻ ŅƩĽƨǒĻƓĭĻ ĭǒƒǒƌĽĻ ĽƷğƓƷ ĽŭğƌĻ Ġ Ɠ

• CƩĽƨǒĻƓĭĻ ƩĻƌğƷźǝĻ ĭǒƒǒƌĽĻͲ ƓƚƷĽĻ Ņ

ƩĻƌ͵ĭǒƒĽŭğƌĻ Ġ ŅĭǒƒΉƓ • tƚǒƩĭĻƓƷğŭĻ ĭǒƒǒƌĽͲ ƓƚƷĽ і ĭǒƒͲ Ľŭğƌ Ġ ЊЉЉ͵ŅĭǒƒΉƓ

[{{ Α {ĻƒĻƭƷƩĻ Ў Α .źƚƭƷğƷźƭƷźƨǒĻƭ Ώ Ў

t!w!a9w9{ 5͸...b9 5L{wL....Lhb

Lƌ ĻǣźƭƷĻ ƦƌǒƭźĻǒƩƭ ƦğƩğƒļƷƩĻƭ ƦĻƩƒĻƷƷğƓƷ ķĻ ķĽĭƩźƩĻ ǒƓĻ ķźƭƷƩźĬǒƷźƚƓͲ ğǝĻĭ ĻƓ ƦƩĻƒźĻƩ ƌźĻǒ ƌĻƭ ƦğƩğƒļƷƩĻƭ ķĻ

ƦƚƭźƷźƚƓͲ ĭƚƩƩĻƭƦƚƓķğƓƷ ğǒǣ ǝğƌĻǒƩƭ ĭĻƓƷƩğƌĻƭ ğǒƷƚǒƩ ķĻƭƨǒĻƌƌĻƭ ƭĻ ŭƩƚǒƦĻƓƷ ƌĻƭ ǝğƌĻǒƩƭ ƚĬƭĻƩǝĽĻƭ͵

t!w!a9w9{ 59 th{LLhb

[ğ ƒƚǤĻƓƓĻ ķĻ ƌğ ķźƭƷƩźĬǒƷźƚƓ ƷŷĽƚƩźƨǒĻ ķĻƭ ĽƌĽƒĻƓƷƭ ǣͲ ğǒƭƭź ğƦƦĻƌĽĻ ƒƚǤĻƓƓĻ ğƩźƷŷƒĽƷźƨǒĻͲ ƭĻƩğ ƓƚƷĽĻ ݱӄ

ƌƚƩƭƨǒĻ ƌ͸ƚƓ ĭƚƓƭźķļƩĻ ǒƓ ĽĭŷğƓƷźƌƌƚƓͲ ĻƷ μݱƌƚƩƭƨǒĻ ƌ͸ƚƓ ĭƚƓƭźķļƩĻ ǒƓĻ ƦƚƦǒƌğƷźƚƓ͵ hƓ ƌ͸ƚĬƷźĻƓƷ ƦğƩ ƌğ ŅƚƩƒǒƌĻ

ƭǒźǝğƓƷĻ ʹ

ݱӄ ൩

∑ݱ ௹௾௹ଢ଼୒ ݧ [ğ ƒĽķźğƓĻͲ ƓƚƷĽĻ ݌ݞ

Ͳ ĭƚƓƭźƭƷĻ ĻƓ ƌğ ǝğƌĻǒƩ ķĻ ƌğ ǝğƩźğĬƌĻ ƨǒź ƭĻ ƷƩƚǒǝĻ ğǒ ĭĻƓƷƩĻ ķĻ ƌğ ƭĽƩźĻ ƭƷğƷźƭƷźƨǒĻͲ ĭƌğƭƭĽĻ

ĻƓ ƚƩķƩĻ ĭƩƚźƭƭğƓƷ͵ 9ƌƌĻ ƭĽƦğƩĻ ƌğ ƭĽƩźĻ ĻƓ ķĻǒǣ ŭƩƚǒƦĻƭ ķ͸ĽŭğƌĻ źƒƦƚƩƷğƓĭĻ͵ {͸źƌ Ǥ ğ ǒƓ ƓƚƒĬƩĻ źƒƦğźƩ

ķ͸ƚĬƭĻƩǝğƷźƚƓƭͲ ݌ݞ ĻƭƷ ǒƓĻ ƚĬƭĻƩǝğƷźƚƓ ķĻ ƌğ ƭĽƩźĻ͵ {źƓƚƓͲ ƌğ ƒĽķźğƓĻ ĻƭƷ ƭźƷǒĽĻ ĻƓƷƩĻ ƌĻƭ ķĻǒǣ ƚĬƭĻƩǝğƷźƚƓƭ

ĭĻƓƷƩğƌĻƭ ķĻ ƌğ ƭĽƩźĻ͵ tğƩ ĭƚƓǝĻƓƷźƚƓͲ ƚƓ ǒƷźƌźƭĻ ƌğ ƒƚǤĻƓƓĻ ķĻ ĭĻƭ ķĻǒǣ ǝğƌĻǒƩƭ͵

[Ļ ƒƚķĻͲ ƓƚƷĽ ݌ݨͲ ĻƭƷ ƌ͸źƓķźĭĻ ķĻ ƌğ ĭƌğƭƭĻ ĭƚƒƦƚƩƷğƓƷ ƌĻ

Ʀƌǒƭ ķĻ ǝğƌĻǒƩƭ͵ 5ğƓƭ ǒƓĻ ķźƭƷƩźĬǒƷźƚƓ ĭƚƓƷźƓǒĻͲ ĭ͸ĻƭƷ ƌğ

΅ ĬƚƭƭĻ Ά ķĻ ƌğ ķźƭƷƩźĬǒƷźƚƓ͵ Lƌ ƦĻǒƷ Ǥ ğǝƚźƩ ƦƌǒƭźĻǒƩƭ

ƒƚķĻƭ ķğƓƭ ǒƓĻ ķźƭƷƩźĬǒƷźƚƓͲ ƨǒźͲ ķğƓƭ ƌĻ ĭğƭ ķ͸ǒƓĻ

ķǤƓğƒźƨǒĻ ķĻ ƦƚƦǒƌğƷźƚƓͲ ĭƚƩƩĻƭƦƚƓķĻƓƷ Ġ ƦƌǒƭźĻǒƩƭ

ĭƚŷƚƩƷĻƭ ΛźƓķźǝźķǒƭ ƓĽƭ ķ͸ǒƓĻ ƒľƒĻ ğƓƓĽĻΜ͵ [Ļ ƒƚķĻ

ƦƚƭźƷźƚƓƓĻ ƌğ ķźƭƷƩźĬǒƷźƚƓ͵ Lƌ ĻƭƷ ƦƚƭƭźĬƌĻ ķ͸ľƷƩĻ Ʀƌǒƭ ƦƩĽĭźƭ

ķğƓƭ ƌğ ķĽŅźƓźƷźƚƓ ķĻ ĭĻƌǒźΏĭź ĻƓ ǒƷźƌźƭğƓƷ ƌĻ ĭğƌĭǒƌ ķĻ ƒƚķĻ

ĭƚƩƩźŭĽ ƦƩĽƭĻƓƷĽ ĭźΏķĻƭƭƚǒƭ͵

hĬƭĻƩǝğƓƷ ƌğ ķźƭƷƩźĬǒƷźƚƓ ķ͸ǒƓ ƓƚƒĬƩĻ ķĻ ƌğƩǝĻƭ ķ͸ǒƓ źƓƭĻĭƷĻ ƌğƒĬķğ ĻƓ ŅƚƓĭƷźƚƓ ķĻ ƌğ ƌğƩŭĻǒƩ ķĻ ƌĻǒƩ ĭğƦƭǒƌĻ

ĭĽƦŷğƌźƨǒĻͲ Ɠƚǒƭ ķźŅŅĽƩĻƓĭźƚƓƭ ƨǒğƷƩĻ ĭƚŷƚƩƷĻƭ ƩĻƦƩĽƭĻƓƷĽĻƭ ƦğƩ ķĻƭ ƒƚķĻƭ ƒǒƌƷźƦƌĻƭ͵

[{{ Α {ĻƒĻƭƷƩĻ Ў Α .źƚƭƷğƷźƭƷźƨǒĻƭ Ώ Џ

/ŷğƨǒĻ ƦğƩğƒļƷƩĻ ķĻ ƦƚƭźƷźƚƓ ƦƩĽƭĻƓƷĻ ǒƓ ƚǒ ƦƌǒƭźĻǒƩƭ źƓƷĽƩľƷƭ ƨǒĻ Ɠƚǒƭ ƩĽƭǒƒĻƩƚƓƭ ķğƓƭ ƌĻ ƷğĬƌĻğǒ ĭźΏĭƚƓƷƩĻ͵ [ğ ƦƌǒƦğƩƷ ķǒ ƷĻƒƦƭͲ Ɠƚǒƭ ǒƷźƌźƭĻƩƚƓƭ ƌĻ ĭğƌĭǒƌ ķĻ ƒƚǤĻƓƓĻ͵ /ĻƦĻƓķğƓƷͲ ķĻƭ ǝğƌĻǒƩƭ ĻǣĭĻƦƷźƚƓƓĻƌƌĻƭ ğŅŅĻĭƷĻƓƷ ĬĻğǒĭƚǒƦ ƌğ ǝğƌĻǒƩ͵ [ğ ķĽŅźƓźƷźƚƓ ķĻƭ ƦğƩğƒļƷƩĻƭ ķĻ ƦƚƭźƷźƚƓ Ɠƚǒƭ ƦĻƩƒĻƷƷƩğ ƓƚƓ ƭĻǒƌĻƒĻƓƷ ķĻ ƩĻƦĽƩĻƩ ǒƓĻ ķźƭƷƩźĬǒƷźƚƓ źķĽğƌĻ ΛĻƓ ĭƌƚĭŷĻΜͲ ƒğźƭ ğǒƭƭź ķ͸źķĻƓƷźŅźĻƩ ƌĻƭ ğǒƷƩĻƭ ƷǤƦĻƭ ķĻ

ķźƭƷƩźĬǒƷźƚƓ͵ t!w!a9w9{ 59 5L{t9w{Lhb

[Ļƭ ƦğƩğƒļƷƩĻƭ ķĻ ķźƭƦĻƩƭźƚƓ ƩĻƓƭĻźŭƓĻƓƷ ƭǒƩ

ƌ͸ĽƷğƌĻƒĻƓƷ ķĻƭ ǝğƌĻǒƩƭ ƚĬƭĻƩǝĽƭͲ ĻƷ ĭƚƩƩĻƭƦƚƓķĻƓƷ

ķƚƓĭ Ġ ƌğ ǝğƩźğĬźƌźƷĽ ķĻ ƌğ ƭĽƩźĻ ĽƷǒķźĽĻ͵

[͸ĽƷĻƓķǒĻ ķĻ ǝğƩźğƷźƚƓͲ ƚǒ ƩğƓŭĻͲ ĻƭƷ Ľŭğƌ Ġ ƌğ

ķźŅŅĽƩĻƓĭĻ ĻƓƷƩĻ ƌğ ǝğƌĻǒƩ ƒğǣźƒǒƒ ĻƷ ƒźƓźƒǒƒ ķĻ

ƌğ ƭĽƩźĻ͵

[ğ ǝğƩźğƓĭĻ ƦĻƩƒĻƷ ķ͸ĻƭƷźƒĻƩ ĭƚƓĭƩļƷĻƒĻƓƷ

ƌ͸ĽƷĻƓķǒĻ ķĻƭ ǝğƌĻǒƩƭ ƭĻ ƷƩƚǒǝğƓƷ ğǒƷƚǒƩ ķĻ ƌğ

ƒƚǤĻƓƓĻͲ ķƚƓĭ ƌğ ǝğƩźğĬźƌźƷĽ͵ /ĻƷƷĻ ķĻƩƓźļƩĻ ƦĻǒƷ

ğƌƚƩƭ ľƷƩĻ ķ͸ƚƩķƩĻ ĬźƚƌƚŭźƨǒĻͲ ƚǒ ƦĻǒƷ ľƷƩĻ ĭğǒƭĽĻ

ƦğƩ ƌğ ƒğǒǝğźƭĻ ƨǒğƌźƷĽ ƚǒ ƌĻ ŅğźĬƌĻ ƓƚƒĬƩĻ ķĻƭ

ƒĻƭǒƩĻƭ ĻǣƦĽƩźƒĻƓƷğƌĻƭ͵ [ğ ǝğƩźğƓĭĻ ķ͸ǒƓĻ

ƦƚƦǒƌğƷźƚƓ ƭĻƩğ ƓƚƷĽĻ ɭЕ ǣͲ ĻƷ ƌğ ǝğƩźğƓĭĻ ķ͸ǒƓ ĽĭŷğƓƷźƌƌƚƓ ƭЕ

ǣ͵ [ğ ǝğƩźğƓĭĻ ĻƭƷ ĭğƌĭǒƌĽĻ ƦğƩ ƌğ

ŅƚƩƒǒƌĻ ƭǒźǝğƓƷĻ ʹ ݬ ఈ୓൩∑ݱ ୓௾௹ଢ଼୒ൣ቗∑ݱ ௾ ௹ଢ଼୒ቘ୓ ݧ

ݧ ൣ 1

[͸ĽĭğƩƷΏƷǤƦĻͲ ƚǒ ƭƷğƓķğƩķ ķĻǝźğƷźƚƓͲ ƓƚƷĽ ɭ

ǣ ƦƚǒƩ

ǒƓĻ ƦƚƦǒƌğƷźƚƓ ĻƷ ƭ ǣ ƦƚǒƩ ǒƓ ĽĭŷğƓƷźƌƌƚƓͲ

ĭƚƩƩĻƭƦƚƓķ Ġ ƌğ ƩğĭźƓĻ ĭğƩƩĽĻ ķĻ ƌğ ǝğƩźğƓĭĻ ĻƷ ĻƭƷ

ķƚƓĭ ķƚƓƓĽ ƦğƩ ƌğ ŅƚƩƒǒƌĻ ʹ ݬ

ఈ൩ෂݬఈ୓ [Ļ ĭƚĻŅŅźĭźĻƓƷ ķĻ ǝğƩźğƷźƚƓͲ ƓƚƷĽ /͵͵Ͳ / ƚǒ Ͳ

ƦĻƩƒĻƷ ķĻ ĭƚƒƦğƩĻƩ ƌğ ǝğƩźğƷźƚƓ ķĻ ǝğƩźğĬƌĻƭ

ĻǣƦƩźƒĽĻƭ ƚƩźŭźƓĻƌƌĻƒĻƓƷ ķğƓƭ ķĻƭ ǒƓźƷĽƭ

ƦŷǤƭźƨǒĻƭ ķźŅŅĽƩĻƓƷĻƭ͵ Lƌ ĻƭƷ ķƚƓƓĽ ƦğƩ ʹ

݂.ݕ.൩ 100.

ݬ ఈ

ݱӄ

[ƚƩƭƨǒĻ ƌĻƭ ĽĭŷğƓƷźƌƌƚƓƭ ƭƚƓƷ ķĻ ƦĻƷźƷĻ ƷğźƌƌĻ

ΛƓѡЋЉΜͲ ƚƓ ğƦƦƌźƨǒĻ ƌğ ĭƚƩƩĻĭƷźƚƓ ƭǒźǝğƓƷĻ ʹ

݂.ݕ.

׸

4ݧඍ݂.ݕ.

[{{ Α {ĻƒĻƭƷƩĻ Ў Α .źƚƭƷğƷźƭƷźƨǒĻƭ Ώ А

[Ļ ĭƚĻŅŅźĭźĻƓƷ ķ͸ğƭǤƒĽƷƩźĻ ƚǒ ƭƉĻǞƓĻƭƭ ƒĻƭǒƩĻ

ƌ͸ğƭǤƒĽƷƩźĻ ķ͸ǒƓĻ ķźƭƷƩźĬǒƷźƚƓͲ ĭγĻƭƷΏĠΏķźƩĻ ƌğ ŅğIJƚƓ

ķƚƓƷ ƌğ ƩĻƦƩĽƭĻƓƷğƷźƚƓ ķĻ ƌğ ķźƭƷƩźĬǒƷźƚƓ ƦĻƓĭŷĻ

ķ͸ǒƓ ĭƝƷĽ ƚǒ ķĻ ƌ͸ğǒƷƩĻ͵ /Ļ ĭƚĻŅŅźĭźĻƓƷ ĻƭƷ ƓƚƷĽ ɚ

Ќ

ĻƷ ĻƭƷ Ľŭğƌ Ġ ʹ

߶ ୔൩ݤ୔

ݬఈ୔

ƚǓ ƭ

Ќ

ǣ ĻƭƷ ƌĻ ĭǒĬĻ ķĻ ƌ͸ĽĭğƩƷΏƷǤƦĻ ķĻ ƌğ ķźƭƷƩźĬǒƷźƚƓͲ

ĻƷ ƚǓ

ݤ ୔൩ݧ.∑ ቗ݱ௹ൣ ݱቘ୔௾௹ଢ଼୒ ቗ݧ ൣ 1ቘ቗ݧ ൣ 2ቘ

9Ɠ ŅƚƓĭƷźƚƓ ķĻ ƌğ ǝğƌĻǒƩ ķĻ ɚ

ЌͲ Ɠƚǒƭ ƚĬƷĻƓƚƓƭ ƌĻƭ

ƩĻƦƩĽƭĻƓƷğƷźƚƓƭ ĭźΏķĻƭƭƚǒƭ ʹ

[Ļ ĭƚĻŅŅźĭźĻƓƷ ķ͸ğƦƌğƷźƭƭĻƒĻƓƷͲ ğǒƭƭź ğƦƦĻƌĽ

ƉǒƩƷƚƭĻ ƚǒ ƉǒƩƷƚƭźƭͲ ĻƭƷ ƓƚƷĽ ɚ

Ѝ͵ Lƌ ĻƭƷ ķƚƓƓĽ ƦğƩ ƌğ ŅƚƩƒǒƌĻ ƭǒźǝğƓƷĻ ʹ ߶ ୕൩ݤ୕

ݬఈ୕

hǓ ƭ Ѝ

ǣ ĻƭƷ ƌğ ƨǒğƷƩźļƒĻ ƦǒźƭƭğƓĭĻ ķĻ ƌ͸ĽĭğƩƷΏƷǤƦĻ ķĻ

ƌğ ķźƭƷƩźĬǒƷźƚƓͲ ĻƷ ƚǓ ʹ

9Ɠ ŅƚƓĭƷźƚƓ ķĻ ƌğ ǝğƌĻǒƩ ķĻ ɚ

ЍͲ Ɠƚǒƭ ƚĬƷĻƓƚƓƭ ƌĻƭ

ƩĻƦƩĽƭĻƓƷğƷźƚƓƭ ĭźΏķĻƭƭƚǒƭ ʹ

w!tt9[ 5͸...L[L{!Lhb 59{ {—a.h[9{ Dw9/{

[{{ Α {ĻƒĻƭƷƩĻ Ў Α .źƚƭƷğƷźƭƷźƨǒĻƭ Ώ Б

[! 59a!w/I9 {/L9bLCLv...9 [9{ 9{{ {!L{Lv...9{ 9b В 9!t9{

Њ ʹ [! v...9{Lhb .Lh[hDLv...9

hƓ ŅƚƩƒǒƌĻ ƌğ ƦƩƚĬƌĽƒğƷźƨǒĻ Ġ ƌ͸ğźķĻ ķ͸ǒƓĻ ƨǒĻƭƷźƚƓ ƭźƒƦƌĻ͵

Ћ ʹ [! 59/[!w!Lhb 59{ I—thI9{9{

hƓ ƷƩğķǒźƷ ƌğ ƨǒĻƭƷźƚƓ ĬźƚƌƚŭźƨǒĻ ĻƓ ŷǤƦƚƷŷļƭĻƭ ƭƷğƷźƭƷźƨǒĻƭ͵ tƚǒƩ ĭĻƌğͲ źƌ ĻƭƷ ƓĽĭĻƭƭğźƩĻ ķ͸ƚĬƭĻƩǝĻƩ ƌĻ ƦƩƚĬƌļƒĻ

ğǝĻĭ ǒƓĻ ğƦƦƩƚĭŷĻ ƭƷğƷźƭƷźƨǒĻ ĻƷ ķĻ ķĽĭźķĻƩ ķĻƭ ƦğƩğƒļƷƩĻƭ ķĻƭ ĽĭŷğƓƷźƌƌƚƓƭ Ġ ĭƚƒƦğƩĻƩ ΛƒƚǤĻƓƓĻͲ

ǝğƩźğƓĭĻͶΜ͵ hƓ ķĽŅźƓźƷ ķĻǒǣ ŷǤƦƚƷŷļƭĻƭ ʹ

Њ͵ ...ƓĻ ŷǤƦƚƷŷļƭĻ ƓǒƌƌĻ IЉͲ ƨǒź ĻƭƷ ƷƚǒƆƚǒƩƭ ǒƓĻ ŷǤƦƚƷŷļƭĻ ķĻ ƓƚƓΏĻŅŅĻƷ Λ΅ źƌ Ɠ͸Ǥ ğ Ʀğƭ ķĻ ķźŅŅĽƩĻƓĭĻ

ĻƓƷƩĻͶ ΆͲ ΅ źƌ Ɠ͸Ǥ ğ Ʀğƭ ķĻ ƩĻƌğƷźƚƓ ĻƓƷƩĻͶ ΆΜ

Ћ͵ ...ƓĻ ŷǤƦƚƷŷļƭĻ ğƌƷĻƩƓğƷźǝĻ IЊͲ ĽƷğĬƌźĻ ƭĻƌƚƓ Ɠƚƭ ĭƚƓƓğźƭƭğƓĭĻƭ ķǒ ķƚƒğźƓĻ ƭƚǒƭ ĽƷǒķĻ͵

ğ͵ {ź ƚƓ ƓĻ ĭƚƓƓğŽƷ ƩźĻƓͲ IЊ ĻƭƷ ĬźƌğƷĽƩğƌĻ ʹ ΅ źƌ Ǥ ğ ǒƓĻ ƩĻƌğƷźƚƓ ĻƓƷƩĻͶ Ά

Ĭ͵ {ź ƚƓ ğ ķĻƭ ĭƚƓƓğźƭƭğƓĭĻƭ Ʀƌǒƭ ķĽƷğźƌƌĽĻƭͲ ƚƓ ƦĻǒƷ ƦğƩŅƚźƭ ƌĻƭ ǒƷźƌźƭĻƩ ķğƓƭ ƌĻ ƷĻƭƷͲ IЊ ķĻǝźĻƓƷ

ǒƓźƌğƷĽƩğƌĻ ΅ źƌ Ǥ ğ ǒƓĻ ƩĻƌğƷźƚƓ ƦƚƭźƷźǝĻ ĻƓƷƩĻͶ Ά

[Ļ ƷĻƭƷ ƭƷğƷźƭƷźƨǒĻ ƓĻ ƷĻƭƷĻ ƨǒĻ IЉ ʹ ƚƓ ƩĻƆĻƷƷĻ ƚǒ ƓĻ ƩĻƆĻƷƷĻ Ʀğƭ ƌ͸ŷǤƦƚƷŷļƭĻ ƓǒƌƌĻ͵ tƩĻƓƚƓƭ ƌ͸ĻǣĻƒƦƌĻ ķĻ ƷĻƭƷƭ

ǒƓźƌğƷĽƩğǒǣ ĻƷ ĬźƌğƷĽƩğǒǣ͵ • ĻƭƷ ǒƓźƌğƷĽƩğƌ ʹ

o IЉ ʹ [Ļƭ ƌƚƓŭǒĻǒƩƭ ƒƚǤĻƓƓĻƭ ķĻƭ ĬƩƚĭŷĻƷƭ ķǒ ƌğĭ wğǤƒƚƓķ ĻƷ ķǒ ƌğĭ !ĬźƷźĬź ƓĻ ķźŅŅļƩĻƓƷ Ʀğƭ͵

ѯ wўѯ!͵

o IЊ ʹ ƌğ ƌƚƓŭǒĻǒƩ ƒƚǤĻƓƓĻ ķĻƭ ĬƩƚĭŷĻƷƭ ķǒ ƌğĭ wğǤƒƚƓķ ĻƭƷ Ʀƌǒƭ ƦĻƷźƷĻ ƨǒĻ ĭĻƌƌĻ ķǒ ƌğĭ

!ĬźƷźĬź͵ ѯ wѡѯ!͵ • ĻƭƷ ĬźƌğƷĽƩğƌ ʹ

o IЉ ʹ ƌğ ǝźƷĻƭƭĻ ĭğƷğƌǤƷźƨǒĻ ƒƚǤĻƓƓĻ ķĻ ƌğ ŅǒƒğƩğƭĻ ĻƭƷ ƭźƒźƌğźƩĻ ķĻ ĭĻƌƌĻ ķĻ ƌğ ƷƩźƚƭĻ

ƦŷƚƭƦŷğƷĻ źƭƚƒĽƩğƭĻ͵ ѯ

Cўѯ

o IЊ ʹ ƌğ ǝźƷĻƭƭĻ ĭğƷğƌǤƷźƨǒĻ ƒƚǤĻƓƓĻ ķĻ ƌğ ŅǒƒğƩğƭĻ ĻƭƷ ķźŅŅĽƩĻƓƷĻ ķĻ ĭĻƌƌĻ ķĻ ƌğ ƷƩźƚƭĻ

ƦŷƚƭƦŷğƷĻ źƭƚƒĽƩğƭĻ͵ ѯ

C൪ѯ

9Ɠ ƦƩźƓĭźƦĻͲ ƌĻƭ ŷǤƦƚƷŷļƭĻƭ ķƚźǝĻƓƷ ľƷƩĻ ƦƩĽƭĻƓƷĽĻƭ ĻƓ ŅƩğƓIJğźƭ ĻƷ ĻƓ ƌğƓŭğŭĻ ƒğƷŷĽƒğƷźƨǒĻ͵ bƚǒƭ ƓƚƷĻƩƚƓƭ

ĽŭğƌĻƒĻƓƷ ƨǒĻ ƌƚƩƭ ķĻ ƌğ ķĽĭƌğƩğƷźƚƓ ķĻƭ ŷǤƦƚƷŷļƭĻƭͲ Ɠƚǒƭ ķĻǝƚƓƭ ƷƚǒƆƚǒƩƭ ǒƷźƌźƭĻƩ ƌĻƭ ƓƚƷğƷźƚƓƭ ŭƩĻĭƨǒĻƭ ķğƓƭ

ƌĻ ĭğķƩĻ ķ͸ĽƷǒķĻƭ ķĻ ƦƚƦǒƌğƷźƚƓƭ͵

ЌΏЏ ʹ /IhL- 5... 9{Ͳ /hb5LLhb{ 5͸!tt[L/!LhbͲ 5L{wL....Lhb 59 [! !wL!.[9

!...-L[L!Lw9 9 w9D[9{ 59 59/L{Lhb

Lƌ ĻƭƷ ƓĽĭĻƭƭğźƩĻ ķĻ ķĽŅźƓźƩ ƷƚǒƷ ķ͸ğĬƚƩķ ƌĻ ƷǤƦĻ ķĻ ǝğƩźğĬƌĻͲ ķźƭĭƩļƷĻ ƚǒ ĭƚƓƷźƓǒĻͲ Ʀǒźƭ ĻƓ ŅƚƓĭƷźƚƓ ķĽŅźƓźƩ ƌĻ

ƓƚƒĬƩĻ ķ͸ĽĭŷğƓƷźƌƌƚƓƭ͵ bƚǒƭ ĭŷƚźƭźƭƭƚƓƭ ĻƓƭǒźƷĻ ǒƓ ƷĻƭƷ ƭƷğƷźƭƷźƨǒĻ͵ bƚƷƚƓƭ ƨǒĻ ƦƚǒƩ ƷƩğźƷĻƩ ǒƓ ƦƩƚĬƌļƒĻ

źķĻƓƷźƨǒĻͲ Ɠƚǒƭ ƦƚǒǝƚƓƭ ğǝƚźƩ ƌĻ ĭŷƚźǣ ĻƓƷƩĻ ķźŅŅĽƩĻƓƷƭ ƷĻƭƷƭͲ ĭŷğĭǒƓ ķ͸ĻƓƷƩĻ Ļǒǣ ƦƚƭƭĽķğƓƷ ķĻƭ ĭƚƓķźƷźƚƓƭ

ķ͸ğƦƦƌźĭğƷźƚƓ ƷƩļƭ ƭƷƩźĭƷĻƭ͵

[{{ Α {ĻƒĻƭƷƩĻ Ў Α .źƚƭƷğƷźƭƷźƨǒĻƭ Ώ В

А ʹ /![/...[ 5... 9{

!ƦƩļƭ ğǝƚźƩ ķĽŅźƓź ǒƓ ƭĻǒźƌ ķĻ ƦƩƚĬğĬźƌźƷĽ ƦƚǒƩ ƌĻ ƷĻƭƷͲ

ƚƓ ƦƩƚĭļķĻ ğǒ ĭğƌĭǒƌ ķĻ ĭĻƌǒźΏĭź͵ /Ļ ƭĻǒźƌͲ ƓƚƒƒĽ ɚͲ

ĭƚƓƭźƭƷĻ ĻƓ ƌğ ƦƩƚĬğĬźƌźƷĽ ķ͸ĻƩƩĻǒƩ źƓŷĽƩĻƓƷĻ ğǒ ƷĻƭƷ͵

5ğƓƭ ƌĻ ĭğķƩĻ ķĻ ƓƚƷƩĻ ...9Ͳ Ɠƚǒƭ ƌĻ ŅźǣĻƩƚƓƭ Ġ ɚўЉͲЉЎ͵

bƚǒƭ źƓƷƩƚķǒźƭƚƓƭ ĽŭğƌĻƒĻƓƷ ƌğ ƓƚƷźƚƓ ķ͸ĻƩƩĻǒƩ ɛ͵

БΏВ ʹ 59/L{Lhb {!L{Lv...9Ͳ w9{...[! 9 /hb/[...{Lhb .Lh[hDLv...9

...ƓĻ Ņƚźƭ ƨǒĻ ƌ͸ƚƓ ğ ƩĽƦƚƓķǒ Ġ ƌ͸ŷǤƦƚƷŷļƭĻ IЉͲ ƚƓ ĭƚƓĭƌǒƷ ĬźƚƌƚŭźƨǒĻƒĻƓƷ͵

[{{ Α {ĻƒĻƭƷƩĻ Ў Α .źƚƭƷğƷźƭƷźƨǒĻƭ Ώ ЊЉ

[hL{ 59 5L{wL....Lhb [hL bhwa![9

...ƓĻ Ņƚźƭ Ɠƚƭ ķźƭƷƩźĬǒƷźƚƓƭ ķĽŅźƓźĻƭ ĻƷ ƩĻƦƩĽƭĻƓƷĽĻƭ ĭƚƩƩĻĭƷĻƒĻƓƷͲ Ɠƚǒƭ ƷĻƓƷĻƩƚƓƭ ķĻ ķĽŅźƓźƩ ƭź ĭĻƌƌĻƭΏĭź ƭƚƓƷ

ĭƚƒƦğƩğĬƌĻƭ Ġ ķĻƭ ƌƚźƭ ķĻ ķźƭƷƩźĬǒƷźƚƓ ĭƚƓƓǒĻƭ͵ 5ğƓƭ ĭĻƷƷĻ ƚƦƷźƨǒĻͲ Ɠƚǒƭ ƦƩğƷźƨǒĻƩƚƓƭ ƭǤƭƷĽƒğƷźƨǒĻƒĻƓƷ ǒƓĻ

ĭƚƒƦğƩğźƭƚƓ ķĻ ƓƚƷƩĻ ķźƭƷƩźĬǒƷźƚƓ ğǝĻĭ ǒƓĻ ķźƭƷƩźĬǒƷźƚƓ ƭǒźǝğƓƷ ǒƓĻ ƌƚź ƓƚƩƒğƌĻ͵

[ğ ƌƚź ƓƚƩƒğƌĻͲ ķƚƓƷ ƌğ ƩĻƦƩĽƭĻƓƷğƷźƚƓ ğĬƚƩķĻ ǒƓĻ ĭƚǒƩĬĻ ĻƓ ĭƌƚĭŷĻͲ ƩĻƦƚƭĻ ƭǒƩ ƌ͸ĻƭƷźƒğƷźƚƓ ķĻ ķĻǒǣ

ƦğƩğƒļƷƩĻƭ ķĻ ƌğ ƦƚƦǒƌğƷźƚƓ ƭƷğƷźƭƷźƨǒĻ ʹ

• ƌğ ƒƚǤĻƓƓĻͲ ƓƚƷĽĻ ѯ ķğƓƭ ƌĻ ĭğƭ ķ͸ǒƓĻ ƦƚƦǒƌğƷźƚƓ ĻƷ ݱӄ ƦƚǒƩ ƌğ ƒƚǤĻƓƓĻ ķ͸ǒƓ ĽĭŷğƓƷźƌƌƚƓ

• ƌ͸ĽĭğƩƷΏƷǤƦĻ ɭ ƩĻƌğƷźŅ Ġ ƌğ ƦƚƦǒƌğƷźƚƓ

{ğ ŅƚƩƒǒƌĻͲ ƌğ ΅ ŅƚƓĭƷźƚƓ ķĻ ķĻƓƭźƷĽ ķĻ ƦƩƚĬğĬźƌźƷĽ ΆͲ ĻƭƷ ƌğ ƭǒźǝğƓƷĻ ʹ

[ğ ƦƩƚĬğĬźƌźƷĽ ƨǒ͸ǒƓĻ ǝğƩźğĬƌĻ ǣ ƦƩĻƓƓĻ ǒƓĻ ǝğƌĻǒƩ

Ʀƌǒƭ ƦĻƷźƷĻ ƚǒ Ʀƌǒƭ ŭƩğƓķĻ ƨǒ͸ǒƓĻ ǝğƌĻǒƩ ǣ

ź ĻƭƷ ĽŭğƌĻͲ

ƩĻƭƦĻĭƷźǝĻƒĻƓƷͲ Ġ ƌ͸ğźƩĻ ķĻ ƌğ ƭǒƩŅğĭĻ ƦƩĽƭĻƓƷĻ ƭƚǒƭ ƌğ

ĭƚǒƩĬĻ ğǝğƓƷ ĻƷ ğƦƩļƭ ƌğ ǝğƌĻǒƩ ǣ

ź͵

!ŅźƓ ķĻ ƓĻ Ʀğƭ ƷƩğǝğźƌƌĻƩ ķźƩĻĭƷĻƒĻƓƷ ğǝĻĭ ĭĻƷƷĻ

ŅƚƩƒǒƌĻ ĬƩǒƷĻ ĻƷ ğźƓƭź ƭźƒƦƌźŅźĻƩ ƌĻƭ ĭğƌĭǒƌƭ ķĻ

ƦƩƚĬğĬźƌźƷĽƭͲ Ɠƚǒƭ ƦƚǒǝƚƓƭ ƦğƭƭĻƩ ƦğƩ ǒƓĻ ΅ ƌƚź

ƓƚƩƒğƌĻ ĭĻƓƷƩĽĻΏƩĽķǒźƷĻ ΆͲ ƓƚƷĽĻ bΛЉͲЊΜͲ ĭƚƩƩĻƭƦƚƓķğƓƷ Ġ ǒƓĻ ƌƚź ƓƚƩƒğƌĻ ƦƚǒƩ ƌğƨǒĻƌƌĻ ƷƚǒƷĻƭ ƌĻƭ ǝğƌĻǒƩƭ ǣ

ź

ƭƚƓƷ ƷƩğƓƭŅƚƩƒĽĻƭ ĻƓ ǝǒĻ ķ͸ƚĬƷĻƓźƩ ǒƓĻ ķźƭƷƩźĬǒƷźƚƓ ķĻ ƒƚǤĻƓƓĻ ƓǒƌƌĻ ĻƷ ķ͸ĽĭğƩƷΏƷǤƦĻ Ľŭğƌ Ġ Њ͵ [ğ

ƷƩğƓƭŅƚƩƒğƷźƚƓ ķĻƭ ǝğƌĻǒƩƭ ǣ

ź ĻƓ ǝğƌĻǒƩƭ ĭĻƓƷƩĽĻƭΏƩĽķǒźƷĻƭ ǩź ĻƭƷ ĻŅŅĻĭƷǒĽĻ ǝźğ ƌğ ŅƚƩƒǒƌĻ ƭǒźǝğƓƷĻ ʹ

...ƓĻ ƷĻƌƌĻ ķźƭƷƩźĬǒƷźƚƓ ƦƚƭƭļķĻ ǒƓĻ ğźƩĻ ƷƚƷğƌĻ ĽŭğƌĻ Ġ Њ ʹ ƦƚǒƩ ǩ ǝğƩźğƓƷ ķĻ ΏϘ Ġ ЉͲ ƌ͸ğźƩĻ ĽŭğƌĻ ЉͲЎ͵ [ğ ĭƚǒƩĬĻ ĻƭƷ

ƦğƩŅğźƷĻƒĻƓƷ ƭǤƒĽƷƩźƨǒĻ ΛŅΛǩΜўŅΛΏǩΜΜ ʹ ƌ͸ğźƩĻ ƦƚǒƩ ǩ ğƌƌğƓƷ ķĻ ΏϘ Ġ Љ ĻƭƷ ĽŭğƌĻ Ġ ƌ͸ğźƩĻ ƦƚǒƩ ǩ ğƌƌğƓƷ ķĻ Љ Ġ њϘ͵ [ğ

ĭƚǒƩĬĻ ĻƭƷ ĭƚƓƷźƓǒĻ͵ Lƌ ĻǣźƭƷĻ ķźŅŅĽƩĻƓƷĻƭ ğƭƷǒĭĻƭ ķĻ ĭğƌĭǒƌ ƌźĽĻƭ ğǒǣ ƦƩƚƦƩźĽƷĽƭ ķĻƭ źƓƷĽŭƩğƌĻƭ͵

[ğ ƌƚź ƓƚƩƒğƌĻ ĻƭƷ ĭƚǒƩğƒƒĻƓƷ ǒƷźƌźƭĽĻ ƌƚƩƭƨǒĻ Ɠƚǒƭ

ķĽƭźƩƚƓƭ ĭğƌĭǒƌĻƩ ƌğ ƦƩƚĬğĬźƌźƷĽ ƨǒ͸ǒƓĻ ǝğƌĻǒƩ ǩ ƭƚźƷ

źƓŅĽƩźĻǒƩĻ Ġ ǒƓĻ ƌźƒźƷĻ ǩ

ź ʹ ĭĻƷƷĻ ƦƩƚĬğĬźƌźƷĽ ĭƚƩƩĻƭƦƚƓķ Ġ

ƌ͸ğźķĻ ķĻ ƌğ ƭǒƩŅğĭĻ ƭƚǒƭ ƌğ ĭƚǒƩĬĻ ƓƚƩƒğƌĻ ĭĻƓƷƩĽĻ

ƩĽķǒźƷĻ ƭźƷǒĽĻ Ġ ŭğǒĭŷĻ ķĻ ƌ͸ğǣĻ ǝĻƩƷźĭğƌ ğǤğƓƷ ƦƚǒƩ

ğĬƭĭźƭƭĻ ƌğ ǝğƌĻǒƩ ǩ

ź͵ bƚƷƚƓƭ źĭź ƨǒĻ ƌğ ƓƚƷğƷźƚƓ ɱ ĻƭƷ

ƩĻƦƩĽƭĻƓƷğƷźǝĻ ķĻ ƌ͸ğźƩĻ͵

[ğ ƌƚź ƓƚƩƒğƌĻ ĭĻƓƷƩĽĻΏƩĽķǒźƷĻ ĻƭƷ ƌźĽĻ Ġ ǒƓĻ ƷğĬƌĻ ƚǓ

ƭƚƓƷ ƩĽƦĻƩƷƚƩźĽĻƭ ƌĻƭ ǝğƌĻǒƩƭ ķĻ ƦƩƚĬğĬźƌźƷĽ ĻƓ ŅƚƓĭƷźƚƓ ķĻ ƌğ ǝğƌĻǒƩ ǩ

ź͵

[{{ Α {ĻƒĻƭƷƩĻ Ў Α .źƚƭƷğƷźƭƷźƨǒĻƭ Ώ ЊЊ

9-9at[9 ʹ wh.9w ! ! [! t9/I9

[Ļ ĬĻğǒΏŅƩļƩĻ ķĻ wƚĬĻƩƷ ğ ƦľĭŷĽ ǒƓ ƭğǒƒƚƓ ķĻ ЎЌБͲВƒƒ ķğƓƭ ƌĻ ƌğĭ wğǤƒƚƓķ͵ 9Ɠ ğķƒĻƷƷğƓƷ ƨǒĻ ƌğ ƌƚƓŭǒĻǒƩ

ķĻƭ ƭğǒƒƚƓƭ ƭǒźǝĻ ǒƓĻ ƌƚź ƓƚƩƒğƌĻ bΛЍЏАƒƒͲ ЍАͲВƒƒΜͲ ƨǒĻƌƌĻ ĻƭƷ ƌğ ƦƩƚĬğĬźƌźƷĽ ƨǒĻ wƚĬĻƩƷ ƦľĭŷĻ ǒƓ ƭğǒƒƚƓ

Ʀƌǒƭ ƌƚƓŭ ƨǒĻ ĭĻƌǒź ķĻ ƭƚƓ ĬĻğǒΏŅƩļƩĻ ͪ

Њ͵ ƷƩğķǒĭƷźƚƓ ĻƓ ƌğƓŭğŭĻ ƒğƷŷĽƒğƷźƨǒĻ ʹ tΛǣѢЎЌБͲВƒƒΜў ͪ

Ћ͵ ƷƩğƓƭŅƚƩƒƚƓƭ ЎЌБͲВƒƒ ĻƓ ݳ ൩

ୖ୔୙,୚ଡ଼୕ୗ୘ ୕୘,୚൩ 1,501

Ќ͵ ķƚƓĭ tΛǣѢЎЌБͲВƒƒΜўtΛǩѢЊͲЎЉЊΜ

Ѝ͵ tΛǩѢЊͲЎЉЊΜўЊΏtΛǩѡΏЊͲЎЉЊΜўЊΏЉͲВЌЌЋўЉͲЉЏЏБ

[ğ ƦƩƚĬğĬźƌźƷĽ ƨǒĻ wƚĬĻƩƷ ƦľĭŷĻ ǒƓ ƭğǒƒƚƓ Ʀƌǒƭ ƌƚƓŭ ƨǒĻ ĭĻƌǒź

ķĻ ƭƚƓ ĬĻğǒΏŅƩļƩĻ ĻƭƷ ķƚƓĭ ķĻ ЏͲЏБі͵ 5͸ğǒƷƩĻƭ ĻǣĻƒƦƌĻƭ ķĻ

ĭğƌĭǒƌ ƦĻǒǝĻƓƷ ľƷƩĻ ĭƚƓƭǒƌƷĽƭ ķğƓƭ ƌĻ ķźğƦƚƩğƒğ ķǒ ĭƚǒƩƭ͵

[hL 59 {...59b h... [hL 59 

[ğ ķźƭƷƩźĬǒƷźƚƓ ķĻ ƌğ ǝğƩźğĬƌĻ ƷͲ ĭƚƩƩĻƭƦƚƓķğƓƷ ğǒ ƩźƭƨǒĻ ķ͸ĻƩƩĻǒƩ ƌƚƩƭ ķ͸ǒƓ ƷĻƭƷ ƭƷğƷźƭƷźƨǒĻͲ ĻƭƷ ĻƓƷƩĻ ğǒƷƩĻƭ

ǒƷźƌźƭĽĻ ƦƚǒƩ ĭƚƒƦğƩĻƩ ƌĻƭ ƒƚǤĻƓƓĻƭ ķĻ ķĻǒǣ ĽĭŷğƓƷźƌƌƚƓƭͲ ƷĻƭƷĻƩ ǒƓĻ ĭƚƩƩĽƌğƷźƚƓ ƌźƓĽğźƩĻ ƚǒ ƷĻƭƷĻƩ ƌğ ƦĻƓƷĻ

ķ͸ǒƓĻ ƩĽŭƩĻƭƭźƚƓ͵

[ğ ƷğĬƌĻ ķĻ Ʒ ğƭƭƚĭźĽĻ ĭƚƒƦƩĻƓķ ķĻƭ ǝğƌĻǒƩƭ ķĻ ƷͲ ƓƚƷĽĻƭ Ʒ

ΛɚͲɨΜͲ ƦƚƭźƷźǝĻƭ ķĻ ƦğƩ ƌğ ƭǤƒĽƷƩźĻ ƦğƩ ƌ͸ğǣĻ ķĻƭ

ƚƩķƚƓƓĽĻƭ ķĻ ƌğ ķźƭƷƩźĬǒƷźƚƓ ĭƚƩƩĻƭƦƚƓķğƓƷ Ġ ƌ͸ƚƩķƚƓƓĽĻ ķĻƭ ƦƚźƓƷƭ ķĻ ƌğ ĭƚǒƩĬĻ͵ 9Ɠ ĻŅŅĻƷͲ ĭĻƷƷĻ ƌƚź ķĻ Ʒ ĻƭƷ

ƩĻƦƩĽƭĻƓƷĽĻ ƦğƩ ǒƓĻ ĭƚǒƩĬĻ ĻƓ ĭƌƚĭŷĻ ƭźƒźƌğźƩĻ Ġ ǒƓĻ ķźƭƷƩźĬǒƷźƚƓ ƓƚƩƒğƌĻ͵ [ğ ķźƭƷƩźĬǒƷźƚƓ ķĽĭƚǒƌğƓƷ ķĻ ĭĻƷƷĻ

ƌƚź ƦĻǒƷ ľƷƩĻ ƒƚķźŅźĽĻ ĻƓ ŅƚƓĭƷźƚƓ ķǒ ķĻŭƩĽ ķĻ ƌźĬĻƩƷĽ ɨͲ ĭĻƌǒźΏĭź

ķĽƦĻƓķğƓƷ ķǒ ƓƚƒĬƩĻ ķĻ ƒĻƭǒƩĻƭ ĻŅŅĻĭƷǒĽĻƭ͵ !źƓƭźͲ Ʀƌǒƭ ƌĻ

ķĻŭƩĽ ķĻ ƌźĬĻƩƷĽ ĻƭƷ źƒƦƚƩƷğƓƷͲ Ʀƌǒƭ ƌğ ĭƚǒƩĬĻ ķĻ Ʒ ĭƚƓǝĻƩŭĻƩğ

ǝĻƩƭ ǒƓĻ ĭƚǒƩĬĻ ƓƚƩƒğƌĻ ĭĻƓƷƩĽĻΏƩĽķǒźƷĻ͵

[Ļ ƭĻǒźƌ ɚ ĭƚƩƩĻƭƦƚƓķ Ġ tΛƷѢ Ʒ

ΛɚͲɨΜΜͲ ĭγĻƭƷΏĠΏķźƩĻ ƌğ ƦƩƚĬğĬźƌźƷĽ ƨǒĻ

Ʒ ĽŭğƌĻ ƚǒ ķĽƦğƭƭĻ ǒƓĻ ĭĻƩƷğźƓĻ ǝğƌĻǒƩ ĭƩźƷźƨǒĻͲ ķĽŅźƓźĻ ĻƓ

ŅƚƓĭƷźƚƓ ķǒ ƭĻǒźƌ ķĻ ƦƩƚĬğĬźƌźƷĽ ĻƷ ķǒ ƓƚƒĬƩĻ ķĻ ķĻŭƩĽƭ ķĻ

ƌźĬĻƩƷĽ͵ !ƷƷĻƓƷźƚƓ ʹ ƌĻ ƭĻǒźƌ ƦĻǒƷ ľƷƩĻ ǒƓźƌğƷĽƩğƌ ƚǒ ĬźƌğƷĽƩğƌ ͧ {ź

ĭĻƌǒźΏĭź ĻƭƷ ĬźƌğƷĽƩğƌͲ ƚƓ ƌĻ ƓƚƷĻƩğ tΛ΋Ʒ΋Ѣ Ʒ

Λɚȝ2ͲɨΜΜ

tƩĻƓƚƓƭ ǒƓ ĻǣĻƒƦƌĻ ķ͸ǒƷźƌźƭğƷźƚƓ ʹ ĭŷĻƩĭŷƚƓƭ ƌğ ƦƩƚĬğĬźƌźƷĽ tΛƷ

ЋЍѢЋͲЍВЋΜͲ ĭγĻƭƷΏĠΏķźƩĻ ƌğ ƦƩƚĬğĬźƌźƷĽ ƨǒĻ ƌğ ǝğƌĻǒƩ

ķĻ Ʒ ƦƚǒƩ ЋЍ ķĻŭƩĽƭ ķĻ ƌźĬĻƩƷĽ ƭƚźƷ Ʀƌǒƭ ŭƩğƓķĻ ƨǒĻ ЋͲЍВЋ͵ /ĻƷƷĻ ƦƩƚĬğĬźƌźƷĽ ĽƷğƓƷ ǒƓźƌğƷĽƩğƌĻͲ Ɠƚǒƭ ƌźƩƚƓƭ ķƚƓĭ

ƌğ ƷğĬƌĻ Ʒ Ġ ƌğ ƌźŭƓĻ ɨўЋЍͲ ƩĻƒğƩƨǒƚƓƭ ƌğ ǝğƌĻǒƩ Ʒ

ΛɚͲ ЋЍΜўЋͲЍВЋͲ ĻƷ ƩĻƒƚƓƷƚƓƭ Ġ ƌğ ǝğƌĻǒƩ ɚͲ ĽŭğƌĻ Ġ ЉͲЉЊ͵

[hL 5... YILΏ/!ww9

[ğ ƌƚź ķǒ ɎЕ ĻƭƷ ƚĬƷĻƓǒĻ ĻƓ ŅğźƭğƓƷ ƌğ ƭƚƒƒĻ ķĻƭ ĭğƩƩĽƭ ķĻ ƦƌǒƭźĻǒƩƭ ƌƚźƭ ƓƚƩƒğƌĻƭ ʹ

[ğ ŅƚƩƒĻ ķĻ ƌğ ĭƚǒƩĬĻ ķĻ ķĻƓƭźƷĽ ĭŷğƓŭĻ ĻƓ ŅƚƓĭƷźƚƓ ķĻ ķǒ ķĻŭƩĽ ķĻ ƌźĬĻƩƷĽ͵ ...Ɠ ķĻŭƩĽ ķĻ ƌźĬĻƩƷĽ ɰўЊ źƓķǒźƷ ƌĻ

ƷƩğĭĽ ķ͸ǒƓĻ ĭƚǒƩĬĻ ĻǣƦƚƓĻƓƷźĻƌƌĻ ķĽĭƩƚźƭƭğƓƷĻ ͳ ƌƚƩƭƨǒĻ ɨ ƷĻƓķ ǝĻƩƭ ƌ͸źƓŅźƓź ƌğ ĭƚǒƩĬĻ ǝğ ƷĻƓķƩğ ǝĻƩƭ ǒƓĻ ĭƚǒƩĬĻ

ƓƚƩƒğƌĻ ĭĻƓƷƩĽĻΏƩĽķǒźƷĻ͵

[{{ Α {ĻƒĻƭƷƩĻ Ў Α .źƚƭƷğƷźƭƷźƨǒĻƭ Ώ ЊЋ

[ğ ƷğĬƌĻ ŅƚǒƩƓźƷͲ ƦƚǒƩ ķźŅŅĽƩĻƓƷƭ ƓƚƒĬƩĻƭ ķĻ ķĻŭƩĽƭ ķĻ ƌźĬĻƩƷĽͲ ƌğ ǝğƌĻǒƩ ĭƩźƷźƨǒĻ ࠌ

థ୓ ĭƚƩƩĻƭƦƚƓķğƓƷ Ġ ķźǝĻƩƭ

ƭĻǒźƌƭ ķĻ ƦƩƚĬğĬźƌźƷĽ͵ tƚǒƩ ǒƓ ƓƚƒĬƩĻ ķĻ ķĻŭƩĽƭ ķĻ ƌźĬĻƩƷĽ ķƚƓƓĽͲ ĻƌƌĻ ƭğƷźƭŅğźƷ ƌ͸ĽŭğƌźƷĽ ʹ ݏඈࠌ

ఆ୓൭ ࠌ቗థ;ఱቘ୓ඌ ൩ ߶

[ğ ƦƩƚĬğĬźƌźƷĽ ķƚƓƓĽĻ ķğƓƭ ƌğ ƷğĬƌĻ ĻƭƷ ƷƚǒƆƚǒƩƭ ǒƓźƌğƷĽƩğƌĻ Ġ ķƩƚźƷĻ͵ 9ǣĻƒƦƌĻ ʹ ƦƚǒƩ ɰўЋЎ ĻƷ ɚўЉͲЉЎͲ ࠌ

థ୓ўЌАͲЏЎ͵ [hL 59 CL{I9wΏ{b959/hw ΛCΜ

[ğ ƌƚź ķĻ C ĻƭƷ ǒƓ ƩğƦƦƚƩƷ ķĻ ķĻǒǣ ƌƚźƭ ķĻ ɳЕ Ġ ɰЊ ĻƷ ɰЋ ķĻŭƩĽƭ ķĻ ƌźĬĻƩƷĽ ķźǝźƭĽĻƭ ƦğƩ ƌĻǒƩ ƓƚƒĬƩĻ ƩĻƭƦĻĭƷźŅ ķĻ

ķĻŭƩĽƭ ķĻ ƌźĬĻƩƷĽ͵

[ğ ŅƚƩƒĻ ķĻ ƌğ ĭƚǒƩĬĻ ķĻ ķĻƓƭźƷĽ ķĻ ƦƩƚĬğĬźƌźƷĽ C ĭŷğƓŭĻ ĻƓ ŅƚƓĭƷźƚƓ ķĻ ɰ

Њ ĻƷ ɰЋ͵ /ĻƷƷĻ ƌƚź ĻƭƷ ğƭƭƚĭźĽĻ Ġ ƌğ

ƷğĬƌĻ C ƨǒź ŅƚǒƩƓźƷ ƦƚǒƩ ķźŅŅĽƩĻƓƷƭ ƓƚƒĬƩĻƭ ķĻ ķĻŭƩĽƭ ķĻ ƌźĬĻƩƷĽ ƌğ ǝğƌĻǒƩ ĭƩźƷźƨǒĻ C ĭƚƩƩĻƭƦƚƓķğƓƷ Ġ ķźǝĻƩƭ

ƭĻǒźƌƭ ķĻ ƭźŭƓźŅźĭğƷźƚƓ͵ [ğ ƦƩƚĬğĬźƌźƷĽ ķƚƓƓĽĻ ķğƓƭ ƌğ ƷğĬƌĻ ĻƭƷ ƷƚǒƆƚǒƩƭ ǒƓźƌğƷĽƩğƌĻ Ġ ķƩƚźƷĻ͵

[{{ Α {ĻƒĻƭƷƩĻ Ў Α .źƚƭƷğƷźƭƷźƨǒĻƭ Ώ ЊЌ

9{{ 59 bhwa![L9

/Ļƭ ƷĻƭƷƭ ƦĻƩƒĻƷƷĻƓƷ ķĻ ǝĽƩźŅźĻƩ ƭź ǒƓĻ ķźƭƷƩźĬǒƷźƚƓ ķƚƓƓĽĻ ƭǒźƷ ǒƓĻ ƌƚź ƓƚƩƒğƌĻ͵

9{ 59 Yh[ahDhwhΏ{aLwbh

[Ļ ƷĻƭƷ ķĻ YƚƌƒƚŭƚƩƚǝΏ{ƒźƩƓƚǝ ĻƭƷ ƌĻ ƷĻƭƷ Ġ ĻŅŅĻĭƷǒĻƩ ƭǤƭƷĽƒğƷźƨǒĻƒĻƓƷ ƦƚǒƩ ǝĽƩźŅźĻƩ ƭź ƌğ ķźƭƷƩźĬǒƷźƚƓ ķĻ

ŅƩĽƨǒĻƓĭĻƭ ķ͸ǒƓĻ ǝğƩźğĬƌĻ ǣ ƭǒźƷ ǒƓĻ ķźƭƷƩźĬǒƷźƚƓ ƓƚƩƒğƌĻ͵ /ƚƓķźƷźƚƓ ķ͸ğƦƦƌźĭğƷźƚƓ ʹ ƌğ ǝğƩźğĬƌĻ ǣ ĻƭƷ ĭƚƓƷźƓǒĻ͵

9Ɠ ŅƚƓĭƷźƚƓ ķĻ ƌğ ƷğźƌƌĻ ķĻƭ ĽĭŷğƓƷźƌƌƚƓƭͲ źƌ ĻǣźƭƷĻ ķĻǒǣ ƒĽƷŷƚķĻƭ ķĻ ĭğƌĭǒƌ ʹ

• tĻƷźƷ ĽĭŷğƓƷźƌƌƚƓ ΛѡЋЎΜͲ Ɠƚǒƭ ƷƩğǝğźƌƌƚƓƭ ƭǒƩ ƌĻƭ ķƚƓƓĽĻƭ ĬƩǒƷĻƭͲ

• DƩğƓķ ĽĭŷğƓƷźƌƌƚƓ ΛѢЋЎΜͲ Ɠƚǒƭ ƷƩğǝğźƌƌƚƓƭ ƭǒƩ ķĻƭ ķƚƓƓĽĻƭ ƩĽƦğƩƷźĻƭ ĻƓ ĭƌğƭƭĻƭ͵

[Ļ ƷĻƭƷ ĻƭƷ ƌĻ ƭǒźǝğƓƷ ʹ

Њ͵ Ʃź ĻƓ ƚƩķƩĻ ĭƩƚźƭƭğƓƷ ķĻƭ ķƚƓƓĽĻƭ

Ћ͵ ƩğƓƭŅƚƩƒğƷźƚƓ ǩ ʹ ĭĻƓƷƩğŭĻ ĻƷ ƩĽķǒĭƷźƚƓ ķĻƭ ǝğƌĻǒƩƭ ķĻ ǣ

Ќ͵ /ğƌĭǒƌ Ġ ƦğƩƷźƩ ķĻ ƌğ ƷğĬƌĻ ķĻƭ ŅƩĽƨǒĻƓĭĻƭ ƩĻƌğƷźǝĻƭ ƷŷĽƚƩźƨǒĻƭ ݅෽ ƨǒ͸ğǒƩğźƷ ǒƓĻ ǝğƩźğĬƌĻ ƦƚƭƭĽķğƓƷ ƌğ

ƒľƒĻ ƒƚǤĻƓƓĻ ĻƷ ƌĻ ƒľƒĻ ĽĭğƩƷΏƷǤƦĻͲ ķźƭƷƩźĬǒĽĻ ƓƚƩƒğƌĻƒĻƓƷ͵

Ѝ͵ /ğƌĭǒƌ ķĻƭ ŅƩĽƨǒĻƓĭĻƭ ƩĻƌğƷźǝĻƭ ĭǒƒǒƌĽĻƭ ƚĬƭĻƩǝĽĻƭ Ņ

ĭǒƒ ƚǒ CͲ ĽŭğƌĻƭ Ġ ం௱௾௷ ௾

Ў͵ wĻĭŷĻƩĭŷĻ ķĻ ƌğ ķźŅŅĽƩĻƓĭĻ ƒğǣźƒğƌĻ ݃

௿௲ః൩ max቗|݅ం௵௼቗ݱ௹ቘൣ ݅ం௵௼ ఄ௸቗ݱ௹ቘ|ቘ ק

Џ͵ /ğƌĭǒƌ ķĻ 5

ɚ ʹ

ğ͵ tƚǒƩ ɚ൩0,05, ݃

థ൩୑,୙୚ୖ ௩

Ĭ͵ tƚǒƩ ɚ൩0,01, ݃

థ൩୒,୑୔ୖ ௩ aµ¤¢ ݒ ൩√ݧൣ 0,01 ൢ୑,୙ୖ √ ௾

А͵ ĻƭƷ

Ȁ ƚƓ ƓĻ ƩĻƆĻƷƷĻ Ʀğƭ IЉ ğǒ ƭĻǒźƌ ɚ ƭź 5ƚĬƭѡ5ɚ͵ hƓ ķźƷ ƨǒĻ ƌğ ǝğƩźğĬƌĻ 5ƚĬƭ ƭǒźƷ ğƌƚƩƭ ǒƓĻ ķźƭƷƩźĬǒƷźƚƓ ķĻ

YƚƌƒƚŭƚƩƚǝΏ{ƒźƩƓƚǝ͵

[{{ Α {ĻƒĻƭƷƩĻ Ў Α .źƚƭƷğƷźƭƷźƨǒĻƭ Ώ ЊЍ

/hat!w!L{hb 59 59...- 9/I!bL[[hb{ /hat!w!L{hb 59 59...- 9/I!bL[[hb{ Lb59t9b5!b{ {...59b  9{

[͸ƚĬƆĻĭƷźŅ ķǒ {ƷǒķĻƓƷ  ƷĻƭƷ ĻƭƷ ķĻ ƷĻƭƷĻƩ ƌğ ķźŅŅĽƩĻƓĭĻ ĻƓƷƩĻ ƌĻƭ ƒƚǤĻƓƓĻƭ ķĻ ķĻǒǣ ĽĭŷğƓƷźƌƌƚƓƭ źƓķĽƦĻƓķğƓƷƭ͵

{ƚźĻƓƷ ķĻǒǣ ĽĭŷğƓƷźƌƌƚƓƭ ğǝĻĭ Ɠ

Њ ĻƷ ƓЋ ĽƌĽƒĻƓƷƭ ƩĻƭƦĻĭƷźǝĻƒĻƓƷ ʹ Ɠƚǒƭ ǝƚǒƌƚƓƭ ƭğǝƚźƩ ƭź ƌğ ķźŅŅĽƩĻƓĭĻ ĻƓƷƩĻ ݱ୒ുുു ĻƷ

ݱ

୓ുുു ƩĻŅƌļƷĻ ǒƓĻ ķźŅŅĽƩĻƓĭĻ ƭźŭƓźŅźĭğƷźǝĻ ķĻƭ ƒƚǤĻƓƓĻƭ ķĻƭ ƦƚƦǒƌğƷźƚƓƭ ƭƷğƷźƭƷźƨǒĻƭ ķƚƓƷ ƭƚƓƷ ĻǣƷƩğźƷƭ ƌĻƭ

ĽĭŷğƓƷźƌƌƚƓƭͲ ƚǒ ƭź ƌ͸ĽĭğƩƷ ƚĬƭĻƩǝĽ Ɠ͸ĻƭƷ ķǕ ƨǒ͸ğǒǣ ŅƌǒĭƷǒğƷźƚƓƭ ƓğƷǒƩĻƌƌĻƭ ķĻ ƌ͸ĽĭŷğƓƷźƌƌƚƓƓğŭĻ͵ bƚǒƭ ĭğƌĭǒƌĻƩƚƓƭ

ğƌƚƩƭ ǒƓĻ ƭƷğƷźƭƷźƨǒĻ Ʒ ķĻ {ƷǒķĻƓƷ Ġ ƦğƩƷźƩ ķĻƭ ķƚƓƓĽĻƭ ĻƷ Ɠƚǒƭ ķĽƷĻƩƒźƓĻƩƚƓƭ ƌğ ƦƩƚĬğĬźƌźƷĽ ķĻ ĭĻƷƷĻ ǝğƌĻǒƩ Ġ

ƌ͸ğźķĻ ķĻ ƌğ ķźƭƷƩźĬǒƷźƚƓ ķĻ {ƷǒķĻƓƷ Ġ ɰўƓ

ЊњƓЋΏЋ ķĻŭƩĽƭ ķĻ ƌźĬĻƩƷĽ͵ /ƚƓķźƷźƚƓƭ ķ͸ğƦƦƌźĭğƷźƚƓ ʹ źƓķĽƦĻƓķğƓĭĻ ķĻƭ

ƚĬƭĻƩǝğƷźƚƓƭ Α ƓƚƩƒğƌźƷĽ ķĻƭ ķźƭƷƩźĬǒƷźƚƓƭ ķĻ ķƚƓƓĽĻƭ ķĻƭ ĽĭŷğƓƷźƌƌƚƓƭ Α ŷƚƒƚƭĭĽķğƭƷźĭźƷĽ ķĻƭ ĽĭŷğƓƷźƌƌƚƓƭ

ΛǝƚźƩ ƒźƓźΏƷĻƭƷ ķĻ CΜ͵

9Ɠ ŅƚƓĭƷźƚƓ ķĻ ƌğ ƷğźƌƌĻ ķĻƭ ĽĭŷğƓƷźƌƌƚƓƭͲ źƌ ĻǣźƭƷĻ ķĻǒǣ ƒĽƷŷƚķĻƭ ķĻ ĭğƌĭǒƌ ʹ

• tĻƷźƷƭ ĽĭŷğƓƷźƌƌƚƓƭ ΛƓ

Њ ƚǒ ƓЋ ѡЌЉΜͲ ƌĻ ƷĻƭƷ ƭƷğƷźƭƷźƨǒĻ ǒƷźƌźƭĽ ĻƭƷ ǒƓ ƷĻƭƷ Ʒ ķĻ {ƷǒķĻƓƷ

• DƩğƓķƭ ĽĭŷğƓƷźƌƌƚƓƭ ΛƓ

Њ ĻƷ ƓЋ ѢЌЉΜͲ ƌĻ ƷĻƭƷ ƭƷğƷźƭƷźƨǒĻ ǒƷźƌźƭĽ ĻƭƷ ǒƓ ƷĻƭƷ œ

{ƷǒķĻƓƷ Ʒ ƷĻƭƷ ʹ

Њ͵ tƚǒƩ ĭŷğƨǒĻ ƭĽƩźĻ ƭƷğƷźƭƷźƨǒĻͲ ƚƓ ĭğƌĭǒƌĻ ĻƷ ķƩĻƭƭĻ ğǒ ƭĻźƓ ķ͸ǒƓ ƷğĬƌĻğǒ ʹ

ğ͵ aƚǤĻƓƓĻ ݱӄ

Ĭ͵ ğƩźğƓĭĻ ݒ

ఈ୓

ĭ͵ 9ŅŅĻĭƷźŅ Ɠ

Ћ͵ 9Ʒ ƌ͸ƚƓ ĭğƌĭǒƌĻ ʹ

ğ͵ ݒ

ఀ௴൩හ቗௾೏ଡ଼୒ቘ.௩೏ో୛቗௾೐ଡ଼୒ቘ.௩೐ో

௾೏୛௾೐ଡ଼୓

Ĭ͵ ࠂ ൩ ݧ

ௗൢ ݧ௘ൣ 2

ĭ͵ ݭ

௳௱௼௳൩ఈӄ೏ଡ଼ఈӄ೐ ௩೸೬හొ ೶೏୛ొ ೶೐ Ќ͵ ĻƭƷ ʹ ƚƓ ƌźƷ ƌğ ǝğƌĻǒƩ ݭ

቗థ;ఱቘķğƓƭ ƌğ ƷğĬƌĻ ƷͲ ĻƷ ƚƓ ƌğ ĭƚƒƦğƩĻ Ġ ƌğ ǝğƌĻǒƩ ݭ௳௱௼௳͵ [Ļƭ ƩļŭƌĻƭ ķĻ ķĽĭźƭźƚƓ ƭƚƓƷ

ƌĻƭ ƭǒźǝğƓƷĻƭ ʹ

{ź IЉ ĻƭƷ ǝƩğźĻͲ ğƌƚƩƭ ƌğ ǝğƩźğĬƌĻ ğǒǣźƌźğźƩĻ ݭ

௳௱௼௳ ƭǒźǝƩğ ǒƓĻ ķźƭƷƩźĬǒƷźƚƓ ķĻ {ƷǒķĻƓƷ Ġ ɨ ķĻŭƩĽƭ ķĻ ƌźĬĻƩƷĽ͵

[{{ Α {ĻƒĻƭƷƩĻ Ў Α .źƚƭƷğƷźƭƷźƨǒĻƭ Ώ ЊЎ

!bb9-9 ʹ aLbLΏ9{ 59 C

!ŅźƓ ķĻ ǝĽƩźŅźĻƩ ƌ͸ŷƚƒƚƭĭĽķğƭƷźĭźƷĽ ƚǒ ƌ͸ĽƨǒźǝğƩźğƓĭĻ ķ͸ǒƓĻ ķźƭƷƩźĬǒƷźƚƓͲ Ɠƚǒƭ ƦƚǒǝƚƓƭ ǒƷźƌźƭĻƩ ƌĻ ƒźƓź ƷĻƭƷ ķĻ C͵

{ź ƌĻƭ ĽĭŷğƓƷźƌƌƚƓƭ ƭƚƓƷ ƷźƩĽƭ ķĻ ƦƚƦǒƌğƷźƚƓƭ ƓƚƩƒğƌĻƭͲ ƌĻ ƩğƦƦƚƩƷ ķĻ ƌĻǒƩƭ ǝğƩźğƓĭĻƭ ƭǒźǝƩğ ǒƓĻ ķźƭƷƩźĬǒƷźƚƓ ķĻ C

Ġ ɨ

! ĻƷ ɨ. ķĻŭƩĽƭ ķĻ ƌźĬĻƩƷĽ͵ /ƚƓķźƷźƚƓƭ ķ͸ğƦƦƌźĭğƷźƚƓ ʹ ƓƚƩƒğƌźƷĽ ķĻƭ ķźƭƷƩźĬǒƷźƚƓƭ ķĻ ķƚƓƓĽĻƭ ķĻƭ

ĽĭŷğƓƷźƌƌƚƓƭ͵

Њ͵ 5ĽŅźƓźƷźƚƓ ķĻƭ ŷǤƦƚƷŷļƭĻƭ ƓǒƌƌĻ ĻƷ ğƌƷĻƩƓğƷźǝĻ ʹ

ğ͵ IЉ ʹ ƌĻƭ ǝğƩźğƓĭĻƭ ķĻƭ ķĻǒǣ ĽĭŷğƓƷźƌƌƚƓƭ ƭƚƓƷ ĽŭğƌĻƭͲ ݒ

ௗ୓൩ ݒ௘୓

Ĭ͵ IЊ ʹ ƌĻƭ ǝğƩźğƓĭĻƭ ķĻƭ ķĻǒǣ ĽĭŷğƓƷźƌƌƚƓƭ ƭƚƓƷ ķźŅŅĽƩĻƓƷĻƭͲ ݒ

ௗ୓൪ ݒ௘୓

Ћ͵ /ğƌĭǒƌ ʹ

ğ͵ ݅

௳௱௼௳൩ ݒௗ୓ȝݒ௘୓͵ !ƷƷĻƓƷźƚƓͲ źƌ ĭƚƓǝźĻƓƷ ķĻ ƷƚǒƆƚǒƩƭ ƒĻƷƷƩĻ ƌğ ǝğƩźğƓĭĻ ƌğ Ʀƌǒƭ ŭƩğƓķĻ ğǒ

ƓǒƒĽƩğƷĻǒƩ ͧ

Ĭ͵ ࠂ

ௗ൩ ݧௗൣ 1 ࠂ ௘൩ ݧ௘ൣ 1

Ќ͵ ĻƭƷ ʹ ƚƓ ƌźƷ ķğƓƭ ƌğ ƷğĬƌĻ ƌğ ǝğƌĻǒƩ ݅

቗ഝ

ో; ఱ೏; ఱ೐ቘͲ ĻƷ ƌ͸ƚƓ ƩĻƆĻƷƷĻ IЉ ğǒ ƭĻǒźƌ ɚ ƭź ݅௳௱௼௳൯݅቗ഝ

ో;ఱ೏;ఱ೐ቘ 9{ ... 59 ‘L[/h-hbΏa!bbΏ‘ILb9—

[͸ƚĬƆĻĭƷźŅ ķĻ ĭĻ ƷĻƭƷ ĻƭƷ ĭƚƒƒĻ ƦƩĽĭĽķĻƒƒĻƓƷ ķĻ ƷĻƭƷĻƩ ƌğ ķźŅŅĽƩĻƓĭĻ ĻƓƷƩĻ ƌĻƭ ƒƚǤĻƓƓĻƭ ķĻ ķĻǒǣ ĽĭŷğƓƷźƌƌƚƓƭ

źƓķĽƦĻƓķğƓƷƭ͵ [ğ ƭƷğƷźƭƷźƨǒĻ ... ĻƭƷ ĬğƭĽĻ ƭǒƩ ƌĻ ĭƌğƭƭĻƒĻƓƷ ĻƓ ƚƩķƩĻ ĭƩƚźƭƭğƓƷ ķĻƭ ĽƌĽƒĻƓƷƭ ķĻƭ ķĻǒǣ

ĽĭŷğƓƷźƌƌƚƓƭ͵ {ź IЉ ĻƭƷ ǝƩğźĻͲ ƌĻƭ ĽƌĽƒĻƓƷƭ ķĻƭ ķĻǒǣ ŭƩƚǒƦĻƭ ķĻǝƩğźĻƓƷ ľƷƩĻ ǒƓźŅƚƩƒĽƒĻƓƷ ƒĽƌğƓŭĽƭ ķğƓƭ ĭĻ

ĭƌğƭƭĻƒĻƓƷ͵ /Ļ ƭƚƓƷ ķƚƓĭ ƌĻƭ ƩğƓŭƭ ķĻƭ ķƚƓƓĽĻƭͲ ĻƷ ƓƚƓ ƌĻǒƩƭ ǝğƌĻǒƩƭ ƦƩĽĭźƭĻƭͲ ƨǒź ƭĻƩǝĻƓƷ ķğƓƭ ĭĻ ƷĻƭƷ͵

9Ɠ ŅƚƓĭƷźƚƓ ķĻ ƌğ ƷğźƌƌĻ ķĻƭ ĽĭŷğƓƷźƌƌƚƓƭͲ źƌ ĻǣźƭƷĻ ķĻǒǣ ğƌŭƚƩźƷŷƒĻƭ ķĻ ƷĻƭƷ ʹ

{L MAX ቗ݧ୒,ݧ୓ቘ ൯ 9 ʹ Њ͵ hƓ ƦƚƭĻ ƌĻƭ ŷǤƦƚƷŷļƭĻƭ ʹ

• IЉ ʹ ƌĻƭ ƩğƓŭƭ ķĻƭ ķƚƓƓĽĻƭ ķĻƭ ķĻǒǣ ŭƩƚǒƦĻƭ ƭƚƓƷ ǒƓźŅƚƩƒĽƒĻƓƷ ķźƭƷƩźĬǒĽƭ ʹ ݏඈݱ

௹,୒൭ ݱ௺,୓ඌ ൩

0,5. /Ļƌğ ƭźŭƓźŅźĻ ƨǒĻ ƭź ݱ

௹,୒ ĻƷ ݱ௺,୓ ƭƚƓƷ ķĻƭ ĽƌĽƒĻƓƷƭ ƷźƩĽƭ ğƌĽğƷƚźƩĻƒĻƓƷ ķĻ ƌğ ƦƩĻƒźļƩĻ

ƦƚƦǒƌğƷźƚƓͲ źƌ Ǥ ğ ǒƓĻ ĭŷğƓĭĻ ƭǒƩ ķĻǒǣ ƦƚǒƩ ƨǒĻ ƌ͸ǒƓ ƭƚźƷ Ʀƌǒƭ ŭƩğƓķ ƨǒĻ ƌ͸ğǒƷƩĻ͵

• IЊͲ ŷǤƦƚƷŷļƭĻ ğƌƷĻƩƓğƷźǝĻ ʹ

ğ͵ .źƌğƷĽƩğƌĻ ʹ ƌĻƭ ƩğƓŭƭ ķĻƭ ķƚƓƓĽĻƭ ķĻƭ ķĻǒǣ ŭƩƚǒƦĻƭ ƓĻ ƭƚƓƷ Ʀğƭ ǒƓźŅƚƩƒĽƒĻƓƷ

ķźƭƷƩźĬǒĽƭ͵ ݏඈݱ ௹,୒൭ ݱ௺,୓ඌ ൪ 0,5. Ĭ͵ ...ƓźƌğƷĽƩğƌĻ ʹ

Њ͵ ƌĻƭ ƩğƓŭƭ ķĻƭ ķƚƓƓĽĻƭ ķǒ ƦƩĻƒźĻƩ ŭƩƚǒƦĻ ƭƚƓƷ ķĽĭğƌĽƭ ǝĻƩƭ ƌĻƭ ŭƩğƓķĻƭ

ǝğƌĻǒƩƭ͵ ݏඈݱ

௹,୒൭ ݱ௺,୓ඌ ൭ 0,5.

Ћ͵ [Ļƭ ƩğƓŭƭ ķĻƭ ķƚƓƓĽĻƭ ķǒ ƦƩĻƒźĻƩ ŭƩƚǒƦĻ ƭƚƓƷ ķĽĭğƌĽƭ ǝĻƩƭ ƌĻƭ ƦĻƷźƷĻƭ

ǝğƌĻǒƩƭ͵ ݏඈݱ

௹,୒ݱ௺,୓ඌ ൬ 0,5.

Ћ͵ hƓ ĭƌğƭƭĻ ƌĻƭ ĽƌĽƒĻƓƷƭ ķĻƭ ķĻǒǣ ĽĭŷğƓƷźƌƌƚƓƭ ĻƓ ƚƩķƩĻ ĭƩƚźƭƭğƓƷ ĻƷ ƚƓ ƌĻǒƩ ğƭƭźŭƓĻ ǒƓ ƩğƓŭ͵ {ź ķĻǒǣ

ĽƌĽƒĻƓƷƭ ƚƓƷ ƒľƒĻ ǝğƌĻǒƩͲ ƚƓ ƌĻǒƩ ğƭƭźŭƓĻ ǒƓ ƩğƓŭ ƒĽķźğƓ͵

Ќ͵ hƓ ĭğƌĭǒƌĻ ݑ

୒ ĻƷ ݑ୓, ƩĻƭƦĻĭƷźǝĻƒĻƓƷ ƭƚƒƒĻ ķĻƭ ƩğƓŭƭ ķĻƭ ĽĭŷğƓƷźƌƌƚƓƭ Њ ĻƷ Ћ͵

Ѝ͵ hƓ ĭğƌĭǒƌĻ ݔ

୒൩ ݧ୒.ݧ୓ൢ௾ొ.቗௾ొ୛୒ቘ

୓ൣ ݑ୒ ĻƷ ݔ୓൩ ݧ୒.ݧ୓ൢ௾ో.቗௾ో୛୒ቘ

୓ൣ ݑ୓

Ў͵ ĻƭƷ ʹ

• .źƌğƷĽƩğƌ ʹ ğ͵ hƓ ƌźƷ ƌğ ǝğƌĻǒƩ ݔ ௳௱௼௳൩ min቗ݔ୒,ݔ୓ቘ

Ĭ͵ hƓ ƌźƷ ķğƓƭ ƌğ ƷğĬƌĻ ... ƌğ ǝğƌĻǒƩ ݔ

థ,௾ొ,௾ో

[{{ Α {ĻƒĻƭƷƩĻ Ў Α .źƚƭƷğƷźƭƷźƨǒĻƭ Ώ ЊЏ

ĭ͵ hƓ ĭƚƒƦğƩĻ ƌĻƭ ǝğƌĻǒƩƭ ݔ

௳௱௼௳ ĻƷ ݔథ,௾ొ,௾ో. {ź ݔ௳௱௼௳ ൬ ݔథ,௾ొ,௾ో, ƚƓ ƩĻƆĻƷƷĻ IЉ͵

• ...ƓźƌğƷĽƩğƌ ʹ

ğ͵ [ğ ǝğƌĻǒƩ ݔ

௳௱௼௳ ĻƭƷ ķĽŅźƓźĻ ƦğƩ ƌ͸ǒƓ ķĻƭ ķĻǒǣ ... ƭĻƌƚƓ ƌğ ƩļŭƌĻ ķĻ ĭŷƚźǣ ĭźΏķĻƭƭƚǒƭ͵

Ĭ͵ hƓ ƌźƷ ķğƓƭ ƌğ ƷğĬƌĻ ... ƌğ ǝğƌĻǒƩ ݔ

థ,௾ొ,௾ో ĭ͵ hƓ ĭƚƒƦğƩĻ ƌĻƭ ǝğƌĻǒƩƭ ݔ

௳௱௼௳ ĻƷ ݔథ,௾ొ,௾ో. {ź ݔ௳௱௼௳ ൬ ݔథ,௾ొ,௾ో, ƚƓ ƩĻƆĻƷƷĻ IЉ͵

{L MAX቗ݧ୒,ݧ୓ቘ൭ 20 ʹ

Њ͵ hƓ ƩĽƦļƷĻ ƌĻƭ ĽƷğƦĻƭ Њ Ġ Ѝ ķǒ ƦƩĽĭĽķĻƓƷ ğƌŭƚƩźƷŷƒĻ͵

Ћ͵ tƚǒƩ ķĻ ƷĻƌƭ ĻŅŅĻĭƷźŅƭͲ ... ƷĻƓķ ğƌƚƩƭ ǝĻƩƭ ǒƓĻ ƌƚź ƓƚƩƒğƌĻ͵ hƓ ĭğƌĭǒƌĻ ķƚƓĭ ƌğ ƷƩğƓƭŅƚƩƒĽĻ ĭĻƓƷƩĽĻΏ

ƩĽķǒźƷĻ ʹ

• ࠁݔ ൩ ௾ొ.௾ో ୓ • ࠇݔ ʹ ğ͵ CƚƩƒǒƌĻ ƭźƒƦƌĻ ʹ ࠇݔ ൩හ ௾ొ.௾ో.቗௾ొ୛௾ో୛୒ቘ ୒୓

Ĭ͵ CƚƩƒǒƌĻ ĭƚƩƩźŭĽĻͲ ƭź ƦƌǒƭźĻǒƩƭ ĽƌĽƒĻƓƷƭ ƚĭĭǒƦĻƓƷ ƌĻ ƒľƒĻ ƩğƓŭ ʹ

• ݳ ൩ ௫ଡ଼ర௫ శ௫

Ќ͵ ĻƭƷ ʹ

• .źƌğƷĽƩğƌ ʹ

ğ͵ hƓ ƌźƷ ƌğ ǝğƌĻǒƩ ǩ ĭƩźƷźƨǒĻ ğƭƭƚĭźĽĻ ğǒ ƭĻǒźƌ ɚΉЋ

Ĭ͵ ĻƭƷ ʹ ƭź |ݳ|൭ ݳ

௳ం௹ఄ௹ఁఅ௵ థȝ୓Ͳ ƚƓ ƩĻƆĻƷƷĻ IЉ

• ...ƓźƌğƷĽƩğƌ ʹ

ğ͵ hƓ ƌźƷ ƌğ ǝğƌĻǒƩ ǩ ĭƩźƷźƨǒĻ ğƭƭƚĭźĽĻ ğǒ ƭĻǒźƌ ɚ

Ĭ͵ ĻƭƷ ʹ ƭź |ݳ|൭ ݳ

௳ం௹ఄ௹ఁఅ௵ థͲ ƚƓ ƩĻƆĻƷƷĻ IЉ

[{{ Α {ĻƒĻƭƷƩĻ Ў Α .źƚƭƷğƷźƭƷźƨǒĻƭ Ώ ЊА

/hat!w!L{hb 59 59...- 9/I!bL[[hb{ !tt!wL9{

9{  th...w 9/I!bL[[hb{ !tt!wL9{

[Ļ ƦƩźƓĭźƦĻ ķĻ ĭĻ ƷĻƭƷ ƩĻƦƚƭĻ ƭǒƩ ƌ͸ğƓğƌǤƭĻ ķĻƭ ķźŅŅĽƩĻƓĭĻƭ ƚĬƭĻƩǝĽĻƭ ķ ƦƚǒƩ ĭŷğƨǒĻ ƦğźƩĻ ķ͸ƚĬƭĻƩǝğƷźƚƓƭ͵ [ƚƩƭ

ķĻ ƌğ ķĽĭƌğƩğƷźƚƓ ķĻƭ ŷǤƦƚƷŷļƭĻƭͲ Ɠƚǒƭ ƦƩĻƓķƩƚƓƭ ƭƚźƓ ķĻ ƦƩĽĭźƭĻƩ ƨǒĻ Ɠƚǒƭ ƚĬƭĻƩǝƚƓƭ ƌĻƭ ķźŅŅĽƩĻƓĭĻƭ ĻƓƷƩĻ

ƌƚƓŭǒĻǒƩƭ ƒƚǤĻƓƓĻƭ͵ bƚǒƭ ǒƷźƌźƭƚƓƭ ƌğ ƓƚƷğƷźƚƓ ѯ ĭğƩ ƌĻ ƷĻƭƷ ĻƭƷ ĬğƭĽ ƭǒƩ ƌğ ƒƚǤĻƓƓĻ ķĻ ƌğ ƦƚƦǒƌğƷźƚƓ͵

/ƚƓķźƷźƚƓƭ ķ͸ğƦƦƌźĭğƷźƚƓ ʹ ĽĭŷğƓƷźƌƌƚƓƭ ğƦƦğƩźĽƭͲ ķźŅŅĽƩĻƓĭĻƭ ķĻ ƌƚƓŭǒĻǒƩ ƭǒźǝğƓƷ ǒƓĻ ķźƭƷƩźĬǒƷźƚƓ ƓƚƩƒğƌĻ͵

Њ͵ hƓ ƦƚƭĻ ƌĻƭ ŷǤƦƚƷŷļƭĻƭ ʹ

ğ͵ IЉ ʹ źƌ Ɠ͸Ǥ ğ Ʀğƭ ķĻ ķźŅŅĽƩĻƓĭĻ ĻƓƷƩĻ ƌğ ƒƚǤĻƓƓĻ ķĻ ƌğ ƦƚƦǒƌğƷźƚƓ Њ ĻƷ Ћ ͳ ѯЊўѯЋ

Ĭ͵ IЊ ʹ źƌ Ǥ ğ ǒƓĻ ķźŅŅĽƩĻƓĭĻ ĻƓƷƩĻ ƌğ ƒƚǤĻƓƓĻ ķĻ ƌğ ƦƚƦǒƌğƷźƚƓ Њ ĻƷ Ћ ͳ ѯЊ൪ѯЋ

Ћ͵ hƓ ĭğƌĭǒƌĻ ğǒ ƭĻźƓ ķ͸ǒƓ ƷğĬƌĻğǒ ʹ

ğ͵ [Ļƭ ķźŅŅĽƩĻƓĭĻƭ ĻƓƷƩĻ ƌĻƭ ƒĻƭǒƩĻƭ ğƦƦğƩźĽĻƭ ķ

Ĭ͵ [Ļƭ ƒƚǤĻƓƓĻƭ ķĻƭ ƦƚƦǒƌğƷźƚƓƭ ݱ

୒ുുു ĻƷ ݱ୓ുുു

ĭ͵ [ğ ķźŅŅĽƩĻƓĭĻ ĻƓƷƩĻ ƌĻƭ ƒƚǤĻƓƓĻƭ ķĻƭ ƦƚƦǒƌğƷźƚƓƭ ğƦƦğƩźĽĻƭ ʹ ݝӄ൩ ݱ

୒ുുുൣ ݱ୓ുുു ķ͵ [ğ ǝğƩźğƓĭĻ ķĻ ķ ʹ ݬ ௴୓൩

∑௴ో೶ೱౕొଡ଼ඈ∑೬೶ೱౕొඌో

೶ ௾ଡ଼୒ Ļ͵ [͸ĽĭğƩƷΏƷǤƦĻ ķĻ ķ ʹ ݬ ௴൩ ෂݬ௴୓

Ņ͵ ݬ

௴ു൩ః೬ √௾

ŭ͵ ݭ

௴ു൩௴ു ః ೬ൂ

ŷ͵ ࠂ ൩ ݧ ൣ 1

Ќ͵ ĻƭƷ ʹ

ğ͵ hƓ ƌźƷ ƌğ ǝğƌĻǒƩ ݭ ഝ ో;ఱ ķğƓƭ ƌğ ƷğĬƌĻ  Ĭ͵ hƓ ĭƚƒƦğƩĻ ƌĻƭ ǝğƌĻǒƩƭ |ݭ ഝ ో;ఱ| ĻƷ |ݭ௴ു|͵ {ź |ݭ௴ു| ൯ |ݭഝ

ో;ఱ|Ͳ ƚƓ ƩĻƆĻƷƷĻ IЉ ğǒ ƭĻǒźƌ ɚ͵

[9 9{  59 ‘L[/h-hb th...w 9/I!bL[[hb{ !tt!wL9{

bƚǒƭ ƦƚǒǝƚƓƭ ƦƩğƷźƨǒĻƩ ĭĻ ƷĻƭƷ ĬğƭĽ ƭǒƩ ƌ͸ĽƷǒķĻ ķĻƭ ƩğƓŭƭ ķĻƭ ƒĻƭǒƩĻƭ ƭź ƌ͸ƚƓ ķźƭƦƚƭĻ ķĻ ƒƚźƓƭ ķĻ ЏЉ ķ͸ĻƓƷƩĻ

ĻƌƌĻƭ͵ /ƚƓķźƷźƚƓƭ ķͷğƦƦƌźĭğƷźƚƓ ʹ ķĻǒǣ ĽĭŷğƓƷźƌƌƚƓƭ ƭƚƓƷ ğƦƦğƩźĽƭͲ ǝğƩźğĬƌĻƭ ƭĻƒźΏƨǒğƓƷźƷğƷźǝĻƭ͵

Њ͵ hƓ ƦƚƭĻ ƌĻƭ ŷǤƦƚƷŷļƭĻƭ ʹ

ğ͵ IЉ ʹ ƌĻƭ ƩğƓŭƭ ķĻƭ ķƚƓƓĽĻƭ ķĻƭ ķĻǒǣ ŭƩƚǒƦĻƭ ƭƚƓƷ ǒƓźŅƚƩƒĽƒĻƓƷ ķźƭƷƩźĬǒĽƭͲ

ݏඈݱ

௹,୒൭ ݱ௺,୓ඌ ൩ 0,5

Ĭ͵ IЊ ʹ

ź͵ .źƌğƷĽƩğƌĻ ʹ ƌĻƭ ƩğƓŭƭ ķĻƭ ķƚƓƓĽĻƭ ķĻƭ ķĻǒǣ ŭƩƚǒƦĻƭ ƓĻ ƭƚƓƷ Ʀğƭ ǒƓźŅƚƩƒĽƒĻƓƷ

ķźƭƷƩźĬǒĽƭͲ ݏඈݱ ௹,୒൭ ݱ௺,୓ඌ ൪ 0,5 źź͵ ...ƓźƌğƷĽƩğƌĻƭ ʹ

• [Ļƭ ƩğƓŭƭ ķĻƭ ķƚƓƓĽĻƭ ķǒ ƦƩĻƒźĻƩ ŭƩƚǒƦĻ ƭƚƓƷ ķĽĭğƌĻƭ ǝĻƩƭ ƌĻƭ ŭƩğƓķĻƭ

ǝğƌĻǒƩƭͲ ݏඈݱ

௹,୒൭ ݱ௺,୓ඌ ൭ 0,5

• [Ļƭ ƩğƓŭƭ ķĻƭ ķƚƓƓĽĻƭ ķǒ ƦƩĻƒźĻƩ ŭƩƚǒƦĻ ƭƚƓƷ ķĽĭğƌĽƭ ǝĻƩƭ ƌĻƭ ƦĻƷźƷĻƭ

ǝğƌĻǒƩƭͲ ݏඈݱ

௹,୒൭ ݱ௺,୓ඌ ൬ 0,5

Ћ͵ hƓ ķĽƷĻƩƒźƓĻ ğǒ ƭĻźƓ ķ͸ǒƓ ƷğĬƌĻğǒ ƌğ ǝğƌĻǒƩ ķĻƭ ķźŅŅĽƩĻƓĭĻƭ ĻƓƷƩĻ ƌĻƭ ĽĭŷğƓƷźƌƌƚƓƭ ğƦƦğƩźĽƭ

Ќ͵ hƓ ĭƌğƭƭĻ ĭĻƭ ķźŅŅĽƩĻƓĭĻƭ ķğƓƭ ƌ͸ƚƩķƩĻ ĭƩƚźƭƭğƓƷ ķĻ ƌĻǒƩ ǝğƌĻǒƩ ğĬƭƚƌǒĻ

Ѝ͵ hƓ ĭğƌĭǒƌĻ ƌğ ƭƚƒƒĻ ݓ

୛ķĻƭ ƩğƓŭƭ ķĻƭ ǝğƌĻǒƩƭ ƦƚƭźƷźǝĻƭ ğźƓƭź ƨǒĻ ĭĻƌƌĻ ݓଡ଼ ķĻƭ ƩğƓŭƭ ķĻƭ ǝğƌĻǒƩƭ

ƓĽŭğƷźǝĻƭͲ ĻƷ ƌ͸ƚƓ ķĽŅźƓźƷ ƌğ ǝğƌĻǒƩ ݓ

௿௲ః൩ min ቗T୛,Tଡ଼ቘ Ў͵ hƓ ƩĻƌļǝĻ ƌğ ǝğƌĻǒƩ ɨ൩n

[{{ Α {ĻƒĻƭƷƩĻ Ў Α .źƚƭƷğƷźƭƷźƨǒĻƭ Ώ ЊБ

Џ͵ hƓ ĭŷĻƩĭŷĻ ƌğ ǝğƌĻǒƩ ݓ

቗థ,ఱቘ ķğƓƭ ƌğ ƷğĬƌĻ ķĻ  ĻƷ ƚƓ ƌğ ĭƚƒƦğƩĻ ğǝĻĭ ݓ௿௲ః͵ {ź ݓ቗థ,ఱቘ൮ ݓ௿௲ఃͲ ƚƓ ƩĻƆĻƷƷĻ IЉ

ğǒ ƭĻǒźƌ ɚ͵

/hat!w!L{hb 59 !wL!b/9{ 59 Y 9/I!bL[[hb{

[ƚƩƭƨǒĻ ƌ͸ƚƓ ĽƷǒķźĻ Ʀƌǒƭ ķĻ ķĻǒǣ ĽĭŷğƓƷźƌƌƚƓƭ ΛƉѢЋΜͲ Ɠƚǒƭ ǒƷźƌźƭĻƩƚƓƭ ƌĻ ƷĻƭƷ ƦğƩğƒĽƷƩźƨǒĻ ķĻ .ğƩƷƌĻƷƷ ķĻ

ĭƚƒƦğƩğźƭƚƓ ķĻ Ɖ ĽĭŷğƓƷźƌƌƚƓƭ źƓķĽƦĻƓķğƓƷƭ͵

9{ 5͸Ihah{/95!{L/L9 59 .!w[9

/Ļ ƷĻƭƷ ĬğƭĽ ƭǒƩ ƌ͸ĽƨǒźǝğƩźğƓĭĻ ĻƓƷƩĻ ƦƌǒƭźĻǒƩƭ ŭƩƚǒƦĻƭ ǝĽƩźŅźĻ ĻƷ ǝğƌźķĻ ƭź ƌĻƭ ķźƭƷƩźĬǒƷźƚƓƭ ķĻƭ ƚĬƆĻƷƭ ƭƚƓƷ

ƓƚƩƒğƌĻƭ͵ /ƚƓķźƷźƚƓƭ ķ͸ğƦƦƌźĭğƷźƚƓ ʹ ƓƚƩƒğƌźƷĽ ķĻƭ ķźƭƷƩźĬǒƷźƚƓƭ͵

Њ͵ 5ĽĭƌğƩğƷźƚƓ ķĻƭ ŷǤƦƚƷŷļƭĻƭ ʹ

ğ͵ IЉ ʹ ƌĻƭ ǝğƩźğƓĭĻƭ ķĻƭ ŭƩƚǒƦĻƭ ƭƚƓƷ ĽŭğƌĻƭͲ ɭ

Њў ɭЋўɭЌͶ

Ĭ͵ IЊ ʹ ğǒ ƒƚźƓƭ ǒƓĻ ǝğƩźğƓĭĻ ķźŅŅļƩĻ ķĻƭ ğǒƷƩĻƭͲ ɭ

ź൪ɭƆ ƦƚǒƩ ğǒ ƒƚźƓƭ ǒƓ ź൪Ɔ Ћ͵ hƓ ĭğƌĭǒƌĻ ƌĻƭ ǝğƩźğƓĭĻƭ ݒ ఈೱ ୓ ķĻ ĭŷğƨǒĻ ŭƩƚǒƦĻ

Ќ͵ hƓ ĭğƌĭǒƌĻ ʹ

ğ͵ ݒ

ఈఀ୓൩ ∑቗௾ೱଡ଼୒ቘೳೱౕొ௩ഀೱో ∑቗௾ೱଡ଼୒ቘೳೱౕొ

Ĭ͵ ݁ ൩ 2,3026.ቛlogඈݒ

ఈఀ୓ඌ .∑ ቗ݧ௹ൣ 1ቘ௻௹ଢ଼୒ൣ logඈݒఈೱ ୓ඌ.∑ ቗ݧ௹ൣ 1ቘ௻௹ଢ଼୒ቜ

ĭ͵ ݂ ൩ 1 ൢ

୒ ୔ ቗௻ଡ଼୒ቘ.቗∑୒ ௾ ೱଡ଼୒ ௻ ௹ଢ଼୒ൣ୒ ∑ ቗௾ ೱଡ଼୒ቘೳೱౕొቘ

ķ͵ ݁

௙൩௘ ௙

Ļ͵ ࠂ ൩ ݤ ൣ 1

Ѝ͵ hƓ ƌźƷ ķğƓƭ ƌğ ƷğĬƌĻ ķǒ ࠌ

୓ ƌğ ǝğƌĻǒƩ ࠌ቗థ,ఱቘ୓ĻƷ ƚƓ ƌğ ĭƚƒƦğƩĻ ğǝĻĭ ƌğ ǝğƌĻǒƩ ݁௙͵ {ź ݁௙൭ ࠌ቗థ,ఱቘ୓Ͳ ƚƓ ƩĻƆĻƷƷĻ

ğƌƚƩƭ IЉ ğǒ ƭĻǒźƌ ɚ͵

w!b{Chwa!Lhb 59{ 5hbb99{

[ƚƩƭƨǒĻ ƌĻƭ ķƚƓƓĽĻƭ ƓĻ ƭƚƓƷ Ʀğƭ ķźƭƷƩźĬǒĽĻƭ ƓƚƩƒğƌĻƒĻƓƷ ĻƷ ƨǒĻ ƌğ ƓƚƩƒğƌźƷĽ ĻƭƷ ƩĻƨǒźƭĻ ƦƚǒƩ ǒƓ ƷĻƭƷ ķƚƓƓĽͲ

ķĻǒǣ ƚƦƷźƚƓƭ ƭ͸ƚŅŅƩĻƓƷ Ġ Ɠƚǒƭ ʹ ƌ͸ǒƷźƌźƭğƷźƚƓ ķĻ ƷĻƭƷƭ ƓƚƓ ƦğƩğƒĽƷƩźƨǒĻƭ ƭƚǒǝĻƓƷ ƒƚźƓƭ ƦǒźƭƭğƓƷƭ ƚǒ ķĻ ƷĻƭƷƭ ƦğƩ

ƦĻƩƒǒƷğƷźƚƓͲ ƚǒ ĬźĻƓ ƌğ ƷƩğƓƭŅƚƩƒğƷźƚƓ ķĻƭ ķƚƓƓĽĻƭ ğŅźƓ ƨǒĻ ĭĻƌƌĻƭΏĭź ƭǒźǝĻƓƷ ǒƓĻ ķźƭƷƩźĬǒƷźƚƓ ƓƚƩƒğƌĻ͵

/Ļƭ ƷƩğƓƭŅƚƩƒğƷźƚƓƭ ƦĻǒǝĻƓƷ ƭĻ ŅğźƩĻ ǝźğ ʹ

• [ƚŭğƩźƷŷƒĻ ln቗ݱቘ ƦƚǒƩ ķĻƭ ķƚƓƓĽĻƭ

ƭƷƩźĭƷĻƒĻƓƷ ƦƚƭźƷźǝĻƭͲ ƚǒ ĻƓĭƚƩĻ

ln ቗ݱ ൢ 1ቘ ƭź ƌğ ǝğƩźğĬƌĻ ǣ ƦƩĻƓķ ķĻƭ

ǝğƌĻǒƩƭ ƦƚƭźƷźǝĻƭ ƚǒ ƓǒƌƌĻƭ • wğĭźƓĻ √ݱ ƦƚǒƩ ķĻƭ ķƚƓƓĽĻƭ ƦƚƭźƷźǝĻƭ ƚǒ ƓǒƌƌĻƭͲ ƚǒ ĻƓĭƚƩĻ √ݱ ൢ ݜ ƭź ǣ ƦƩĻƓķ

ǒƓĻ ƚǒ ķĻƭ ǝğƌĻǒƩƭ ƓĽŭğƷźǝĻƭ

• LƓǝĻƩƭĻ ୒ ఈ

Lƌ ƓĻ Ɠƚǒƭ ƩĻƭƷĻ ƨǒ͸Ġ ĻŅŅĻĭƷǒĻƩ Ġ ƓƚǒǝĻğǒ ǒƓ ƷĻƭƷ

ķĻ ƓƚƩƒğƌźƷĽ ğŅźƓ ķĻ ǝĽƩźŅźĻƩ ƭź ƌğ ƷƩğƓƭŅƚƩƒğƷźƚƓ

ĻƭƷ ğķĽƨǒğƷĻ͵

Biostatistics Documents PDF, PPT , Doc

[PDF] all about biostatistics

1. Math

2. Statistics And Probability

3. Biostatistics

[PDF] biostat

[PDF] biostat inc

[PDF] biostat phd

[PDF] biostatistics after mbbs

[PDF] biostatistics and bioinformatics

[PDF] biostatistics and data science

[PDF] biostatistics and epidemiology

[PDF] biostatistics and epidemiology salary

[PDF] biostatistics and informatics

12345 Next 200000 acticles