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[PDF] Chapter 1 Organic Compounds: Alkanes - Angelo State University
Examples: Drawing Organic Molecules • Draw acceptable condensed structures and line drawings associated with the following expanded structural formulas
[PDF] questions DRAWING ORGANIC STRUCTURES - Chemguide
A compound has the molecular formula C2H4Cl2 Look carefully at the following displayed formulae How many different compounds do they represent? 3 Which of
[PDF] Organic Answer Keyspdf - Commack School District
There are many types of organic molecules Hydrocarbons are an example of some of the more simple organic compounds since they only contain carbon hydrogen
[PDF] Basic Organic Nomenclature Packet
Naming organic compounds can be a challenge to any chemist at any level Historically, Draw the following organic molecules like the example
[PDF] CHEM1002 Worksheet 1: Introduction to Carbon Chemistry Model 1
Model 1: Bonding in Organic Molecules Here are a few examples Note that we don't draw ethane like this because it's so seldom that we need to do
[PDF] Organic Chemistry (CHEM307) - TSFX
Lets draw chains first So, lets draw a straight-chain molecule with the formula C6H14 At first you might draw something like this H
[PDF] Practice Tests Answer Keys, Organic Chemistry I
(6 points) Rank the acidity of the following molecules, 1 being most acidic, 4 being least acidic Hint: draw the anions NH3 CH3CH2OH CH3CO2H HCl 9 (6
[PDF] STRUCTURAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY THE SHAPES OF
appears in carbon dioxide and many important organic compounds such as Although this type of line drawing is employed most commonly for cyclic
[PDF] Unit--12-Packetpdf
d) Organic compounds are all carbon containing compounds with the exception of: i Carbon Draw the following organic molecules like the example Methane:
[PDF] shirk_intro_naming_and_drawing_packetpdf
Naming organic compounds can be a challenge to any chemist at any level Historically, Draw the following organic molecules like the example Methane:
[PDF] Critical Thinking Worksheet 1
Model 1: Bonding in Organic Molecules Here is a Here are a few examples Note that we don't draw ethane like this because it's so seldom that we need to do anything When drawing stick structures, use the following set of rules: 1
[PDF] Organic Answerspdf
To which class of organic compounds does product X belong? [1] sslers 61 Given the 55 In the space provided in your answer booklet, draw the structural formula for diethyl ether [1] like those of an organic compound? (1) A (3) О) В
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![[PDF] Critical Thinking Worksheet 1](https://pdfprof.com/EN_PDFV2/Docs/PDF_7/80102_7ws1.pdf.jpg "[PDF] Critical Thinking Worksheet 1")
80102_7ws1.pdf CHEM1002 Worksheet 1: Introduction to Carbon Chemistry Model 1: Bonding in Organic Molecules Here is a partial periodic table. The shaded elements are the focus of organic chemistry. The number above each column indicates the number of covalent bonds that an element in that column will typically make. 1 2 3 4 3 2 1 0 H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca ... Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr ... In Sn Sb Te I Xe Figure 1. Partial Periodic Table Critical thinking questions 1. How many bonds does carbon typically make? Draw a molecule composed of only C and H with exactly two C atoms and some number of H atoms in which both C and H are making their typical number of bonds. 2. Nitrogen typically forms three bonds. Given that each bond involves two electrons, and nitrogen obeys the octet rule, how many valence electrons are unaccounted for? 3. Free electrons, like bonding electrons, take up space. How does this lone pair of electrons affect the shape of a molecule like NH3? (Try to draw it in 3-D.) Sometimes atoms will form more or less than their typical number of bonds. In these cases the atoms are said to carry a formal charge (either + or -). 4. Here are a few examples. How does the typical number of bonds formed and the actual number of bonds formed relate to the formal charge? Can you write this as a mathematical formula*? * T is formula works well for eteroatoms (atoms ot er t an C and H) but care must be taken w en determining t e formal c arge on C, as we will see next week. OONHOOHHHHHHHOO
5. Determine the formal charges on the atoms indicated below. Model 2: Molecular Drawings We saw in lectures t at we can draw et ane (CH3CH3) in an abbreviated form t at looks like t is: We ave left off t e H atoms and we ave t erefore not indicated w ere t e H atoms are in space. In fact et ane would look a little like t is if we drew everyt ing in: Here t e idea is to s ow t e tetra edral arrangements of groups ( ere just H atoms) around t e carbons. Note t at we don't draw et ane like t is because it's so seldom t at we need to do anyt ing wit t e C-H bonds - t ey're quite inert. But it's important to remember t at t e molecule looks like t is. Critical thinking questions 1. Draw sketc es of propane (CH3CH2CH3) w ic s ow (i) all t e H atoms in 3D and (ii) only t e carbon atoms. 2. An alkane wit four carbons in a ring is called cyclobutane. Draw sketc es of cyclobutane s owing (i) all t e H atoms in 3D and (ii) only t e carbon atoms. Going back to t e 3D diagram of et ane, above, imagine your pet c imp Biggles looked at t e molecule along t e C-C bond, like t is: NOHOHOHHHHHH
3. Sketc w at Biggles would see. By doing t is explain w at you t ink mig t be meant by t e termaggered conforma ion. 4. Can you draw a conformation of et ane t at mig t be ig er in energy? W at mig t Biggles call t is? T ese drawings of molecules obtained by looking along t e bonds like t is are called Newman projec ion
. Model 3: Stick Structures The line or stick structures shown in Models 2 and 3 are the simplest and most commonly used representations of organic molecules. You will see these representations throughout this course and in other units such as biochemistry and biology. As you develop your skills in drawing and reading stick structures, always remember the 3D nature of the molecules. When drawing stick structures, use the following set of rules: 1. Lines represent bonds • 1, 2 or 3 lines for single, double, triple bonds 2. C is the basis of the structure: organic molecules contain chains and rings of carbon atoms • carbon atoms are not shown and are assumed to be at intersections and at the ends of lines • C - H bonds are omitted: the number of missing H atoms can be worked out by remembering that C will always make 4 bonds • All heteroatoms (O, N, P, Cl etc) are shown as are H atoms bonded to them 3. When drawing neutral organic molecules, use the following valencies: • 4 for C, 3 for N, 2 for O, 1 for H, Cl, Br, I Examples: Compound Condensed structural formula Stick representation CH3COCH3 CH3CHClCH=CH2 or CH3CHClCHCH2 CH3CH2CO2H or CH3CH2COOH
Critical thinking questions 1. Draw t e stick representation of t e following molecules: (a) CH3CH2CH=CH2 (b) (CH3)2CHCH2CHO (c) CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2 (d) CH3CH2OH (e) CH3CHO (f) CH3COOH 2. Write down t e c emical formula of eac of t e following molecules: (a) (b) (c) (d) 3. The structure below is that of vitamin A. Draw its stick structure. 4. T e molecule below is lysergic acid diet yl amide. W at is its c emical formula?
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