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100115_7ch3answers.pdf EX ERCISE ANSWER KEYEX-3CHAPTER 3 - THE MORPHOLOGY OF ENGLISH

Exercise 3.1

This exercise lends itself to group work.It focuses students'attention on their knowledge of the underlying morphological system that enables them to create new words from nonsense words.

1.striggily

2.striggish

3.striggishly

4.striggophile "someone who loves (or collects) striggs"

5.striggify

Exercise 3.2

1.{dis-} + {cover} + {-able}

{dis-} changes the meanings of verbs to their opposite (disallow). {cover} is a verb meaning "to shelter,hide." {-able} creates adjectives meaning "able to be"plus the action of the verb (lovable=" able to be loved").

2.{motive} + {-ate}

{motive} is a noun or adjective meaning "a desire." {-ate} creates verbs meaning "to make"( alienate).

3.{amaze} + {-ment}

{amaze} is a verb meaning "to astonish." {-ment} creates nouns meaning "state of"( excitement).

4.{dark} + {-en}

{dark} is a noun meaning "without light." {-en} creates verbs meaning "to cause"( lengthen).

5.{coward} + {-ice}

{coward} is a adjective meaning "one who lacks courage." {-ice} creates nouns from other words (service,justice).

6.{care} + {-less} + {-ly}

{care} is a noun meaning "attentiveness." {-less} creates adjectives meaning "without"( hopeless). {-ly} makes adverbs from adjectives (sadly).

7.{boy} + {-ish} + {-ness}

{boy} is a noun meaning "male child." {-ish} creates adjectives meaning "having the quality of"( foolish). {-ness} creates nouns from other words (shyness,blackness).

EX-4EX ERCISE ANSWER KEY

8.{re-} + {write}

{re-} means "repetition of the stated action"(redo).

{ write} is a ve rb meaning "to form letters and symbols with a pen,pencil or other writing implement

on a surf a c e . "

Exercise 3.3

Yester | day | the | bak | er | 's | old | est | daughter | ran | a | way | with | the | bank | er | 's | young | er | son (This exercise is discussed in the text.)

Exercise 3.4

1.The | manag(e) | -er | listen | -ed | im- | patient | -ly | as | the | clerk | -'s | claim | s | became |

in- | creas- | -ing | -ly | in- | cred- | -ible.

2.Fred | found | the | old | elevat- | -or | un- | bear- | able.

Exercise 3.5

1.burned,burned (British English has burnt as past and past participle.)

2.bet,bet (Some dialects use betted,betted.)

3.sprang,sprung (Some students may prefer sprungin the past tense.)

4.strove,striven (Some dialects use strivedfor the past tense and for the past participle.)

5.spelled,spelled (Some dialects havespeltfor the past tense and for the past participle.)

6.dwelled,dwelled (Some dialects havedwelt,dwelt.)

7.bit,bitten (Some dialects havebitfor the past participle.)

8.leapt,leapt (Some students may use leapedfor both forms instead.)

9.dug,dug (Some dialects retain the more archaic digged.)

Exercise 3.6

1.NounSilvano wished us many happy returnsat the Trevi fountain.

VerbAs we promised,we returnedto Rome in the spring.

2.NounIt is difficult to matchredsbecause each fabric soaks up a different amount of dye.

AdjectiveY our face became even redderwhen he kissed you.

3.NounMy mortgage company offers the lowest ratesin town.

VerbElmer Dill has ratedour restaurant very highly for the past two years.

EX ERCISE ANSWER KEYEX-5

4.NounThe expectation of disaster fuels my fearsof earthquakes.

VerbJan fearedreturning home so late after her curfew.

5.NounJan told her mother all the reasonsbehind her refusal to get married.

VerbS ydreasonedthat someone else must have been at fault.

6.NounThe nameson the guest list need to be reviewed.

VerbDan namesall his dogs,Sparky.

7.NounThe men hoisted the sailsin preparation for departure.

VerbThe USSArizona sailedto Pearl Harbor.

8.NounMarybeth's depression has caused her to hit newlows.

AdjectiveJ ill cried out when she hit her shin against the lowestrung of the ladder. AdverbThe criminal hung his head lowwhen the verdict was read.

VerbThe cattle arelowing.

9.NounThe bluesof the afghan complement your couch.

VerbI like bluing the water to rinse my whites so that they are very bright. AdjectiveThe waters of Hawaii are the bluestwaters I have ever seen.

Exercise 3.7

Some of the possible derivations fromact are

actable,actably,action,actionary,actionless,activate,active,actively,activeness,activist,activistic,

activisticly,activity,antiaction,deactivate,enact,enaction,enactment,inactable,inactableness,inactably,

inaction,inactivate,inactive,inactively,inactiveness,inactivity,nonaction,nonactive,nonactively, nonactiveness,nonactivity,proaction,proactive,proactively,proactiveness,proactivity,react,reaction,

reactionary,reactionless,reactionlessly,reactivate,r eactive,r eactiveness,reactivity,reenact,reenaction,

reenactment,semiaction,semiactive,semiactively,semiactiveness,semiactivity,superaction,superactive, superactively,unactable,unactableness,unactably,and so on.

Students may create or discover others.

Exercise 3.8

1.sleeper

{sleep} free base {-er}bound derivational suffix meaning "one who does;"creates agent nouns (ruler)

2.misconception

{mis-}bound derivational prefix meaning "wrong" {concept}free base {-ion}bound derivational suffix meaning "action or process;"used for non-count nouns (starvation)

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3.violinist

{violin}free base {-ist}bound derivational suffix;creates agent nouns

4.referral

{refer}free base {-al}bound derivational suffix meaning "act or process;"creates nouns from verbs

5.employee

{employ}free base

{-ee}bound deri v a t i onal suffix meaning "recipient of the action ; "c reates nouns from ve rbs (ref u ge e )

6.enjoyment

{enjoy}free base {-ment}bound derivational suffix meaning "state,action;"creates nouns from verbs (confinement)

7.duckling

{duck}free base {-ling}bound derivational suffix meaning "small"

8.protoform

{proto-}bound derivational prefix meaning "first in rank or time" {form}free base

9.pentagram

{penta-}bound base meaning "five" {-gram}bound base meaning "something written"

Exercise 3.9

This exercise can be assigned as homework or it can be done in class in small groups. acrophobiafear of heights claustrophobiafear of being locked up,shut in an enclosed space hydrophobiafear of water agoraphobiafear of open spaces gamophobiafear of marriage orinthophobiafear of birds ponophobiafear of work melissophobiafear of bees demophobiafear of crowds thanatophobiafear of death phagophobiafear of eating ichthyphobiafear of fish genophobiafear of sex arachneophobiafear of spiders

EX ERCISE ANSWER KEYEX-7

ophidiophobiafear of snakes xenophobiafear of strangers gynophobiafear of women triskaidekaphobiafear of thirteen autophobiafear of being alone scopophobiafear of being looked at hygrophobiafear of dampness batrachnophobiafear of frogs peniaphobiafear of poverty alophobiafear of seeing,handling,or playing a flute or similar wind instrument

Exercise 3.10

1.somewherec annot accept change (Speakers of some dialects somewheres.)

2.lectureaccepts derivational suffixes (lecturer) and inflectional suffixes (lectures)

3.ofcannot accept change

4.hotaccepts inflectional suffixes (hotter,hottest) and derivational suffixes (hotly)

5.rathercannot accept change

6.slowacc epts both deri v a t i onal (s l o w n e s s ,s l o w l y) and inflectional morphemes (s l o wer,s l o we s t)

7.insteadcannot accept change

8.brownaccepts both derivational (brownness) and inflectional suffixes (browned)

9.andcannot accept changes

Review Exercise

Morphological Analysis

1.stylistic

{style}free base;"sort,kind,type";I like Madonna's hair style.

{-ist}bound deri v a t i onal suffix meaning "p e r s on who does;"c reates agent nouns;p i a n i s t

{ - i c }bound deri v a t i onal suffix meaning "ch a ra c t e ristic of;"c reates adjective s ;m y t h i c.

2.restive

{rest}free base;"to repose";He rested all day.

{-ive}bound deri v a t i onal suffix meaning "having ch a ra c t e ristic of;"c reates adjective s ;d i s ru p t ive.

3.carefully

{care}f ree base;"c on c e rn ,a t t e n t i on ; "The neurologist exercised ca re in assessing head injuri e s .

{-ful}derivational suffix meaning "having characteristic of;"creates adjectives;painful {-ly}bound derivational suffix;creates adverbs of manner;richly

4.reachable

{reach}free base;"to arrive at;"Ann reached our house by noon. {-able}derivational suffix;creates adjectives;drinkable

EX-8EX ERCISE ANSWER KEY

5.nationhood

{nation}free base;"a group of people as a political unit;"Europe may become a single nation. {-hood}bound derviational suffix;creates nouns;brotherhood

6.legalize

{legal}free base;"pertaining to law;"Their marriage is not legal in California.

{-ize}bound d e ri v a t i onal suffix;c reates ve rbs from adjectives or nouns;e q u a l i z e,r u b b eri z e

7.rivalry

{rival}free base;"an opponent;"The count met his rival at dawn. {-ry}bound derivational suffix meaning "state or condition;"creates nouns;thievery

8.reference

{refer}free base;"to direct;"The president will refer the question to the Secretary ofState. {-ence}bound derivational suffix meaning "state or condition;"creates nouns from adjectives ending in -ent;confidence

9.playful

{play}free base;"to act in jest or sport;"Our basketball team plays well. {-ful}bound derivational suffix;creates adjectives;helpful

Inflectional Morphemes

immigrantsnoun plural

Statesnoun plural

broughtverb past tense dialectsnoun plural wasverb past tense greateradjective comparative comeverb past participle historiansnoun plural centuriesnoun plural colonistsnoun plural differencesnoun plural becameverb past tense movedverb past tense accommodatedverb past tense diminishedverb past participle growingverb present participle

England'snoun possessive

encouragedverb past tense