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ENCYCLOPEDIAof
SOLID EARTH
GEOPHYSICS
Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SOLID EARTH GEOPHYSICS
Volume Editor
Harsh K. Gupta currently holds the prestigious Panikkar Professorship at the National Geophysical Research Institute (NGRI), Council of Scientific& Industrial Research (CSIR), Hyderabad, India. Pursuing aluminous career in a variety of aspects of the Earth Sciences for over four decades, he is
globally known for providing the first geophysical evidence of an enormously thick crust below the Himalaya and Tibet Plateau region, identifyingthe common characteristics of artificial water reservoir triggered earthquakes and discriminating them from normal earthquakes, setting up India'sfirstpermanentstationatAntarctica inarecordtime,andintherecentyears,spearheadingthedesigningandcommissioningoftheTsunamiWarning
System for India, after the disastrous tsunami caused by the 26 th
December 2004 Sumatra earthquake. He has published over 200 papers and written4 pioneering books, published by Elsevier.
Editorial Board
Kusumita Arora
National Geophysical Research InstituteCouncil of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)Uppal Road
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Center for Imaging the Earth's InteriorDepartment of PhysicsUniversity of Colorado at Boulder
Campus Box 390 UCBBoulder, CO 80309-0390USA
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National Geophysical Research InstituteCouncil of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)Uppal Road
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Uppal RoadHyderabad 500 606India
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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF EARTH SCIENCES SERIES
ENCYCLOPEDIAof
SOLID EARTH
GEOPHYSICS
edited by
HARSH K. GUPTA
National Geophysical Research Institute
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
Hyderabad
India
Library of Congress Control Number: 2011924208
ISBN: 978-90-481-8701-0
This publication is available also as:
Electronic publication under ISBN 978-90-481-8702-7 and Print and electronic bundle under ISBN 978-90-481-8732-4
Published by Springer
P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands
The original Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics was compiled by David E. James, and was first published in the
Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series in 1989.
Printed on acid-free paper
Cover figure credit: Mineral Physics Institute at Stony Brook University, illustration by Keelin Murphy
Every effort has been made to contact the copyright holders of the figures and tables which have been reproduced
from other sources. Anyone who has not been properly credited is requested to contact the publishers, so that due
acknowledgment may be made in subsequent editions.
All Rights Reserved for Contributions onGravity, Data to Anomalies; Gravity, Global Models; Instrumentation,
Electrical Resistivity; Spherical Harmonic Analysis Applied to Potential Fields
© Springer ScienceþBusiness Media B.V. 2011
No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the
Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on
a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.
Contents
Contributors xiii
Preface xxxv
Acknowledgments xxxvii
Absolute Age Determinations: Radiometric 1
Richard W. Carlson
Archaeomagnetism 8
Donald H. Tarling
Archaeoseismology 11
Klaus-Günter Hinzen
Artificial Water Reservoir Triggered Earthquakes 15
Harsh K. Gupta
Biogeophysics 25
Lee Slater and Estella Atekwana
Body Waves 29
Mahmoud Mohamed Selim Saleh
Characteristic Earthquakes and Seismic Gaps 37
David D. Jackson and Yan Y. Kagan
Continental Drift 40
Alan G. Smith
Continental Rifts 41
A. M. Celâlengör
Core Dynamo 55
Ulrich R. Christensen
Core-Mantle Coupling 64
Paul H. Roberts and Jonathan M. AurnouCrustal Reflectivity (Oceanic) and Magma Chamber 78
Satish C. Singh
Curie Temperature 89
Vincenzo Pasquale
Deep Scientific Drilling 91
Ulrich Harms and Harold J. Tobin
Deep Seismic Reflection and Refraction Profiling 103
Kabir Roy Chowdhury
Differential Rotation of the Earth"s Inner Core 118
Xiaodong Song
Earth Rotation 123
Harald Schuh and Sigrid Böhm
Earth Tides 129
John M. Wahr
Earth, Density Distribution 133
Frank D. Stacey and Paul M. Davis
Earth"s Structure, Core 137
Lianxing Wen
Earth"s Structure, Continental Crust 138
Rolf Meissner and Hartmut Kern
Earth"s Structure, Global 144
Jean-Paul Montagner
Earth"s Structure, Lower Mantle 154
Edward J. Garnero, Allen K. McNamara and
James A. Tyburczy
Earth"s Structure, Upper Mantle 159
Guust Nolet
Earthquake Lights 165
John S. Derr, France St-Laurent,
Friedemann T. Freund and Robert Thériault
Earthquake Precursors and Prediction 168
Seiya Uyeda, Toshiyasu Nagao and
Masashi Kamogawa
Earthquake Prediction, M8 Algorithm 178
Alik Ismail-Zadeh and Vladimir Kossobokov
Earthquake Rupture: Inverse Problem 182
Shamita Das
Earthquake Sounds 188
Andrew J. Michael
Earthquake, Aftershocks 192
Mian Liu and Seth Stein
Earthquake, Focal Mechanism 194
Emile A. Okal
Earthquake, Foreshocks 199
Mian Liu
Earthquake, Location Techniques 201
Clifford H. Thurber
Earthquake, Magnitude 207
Peter Bormann
Earthquakes and Crustal Deformation 218
Robert McCaffrey
Earthquakes, Early and Strong Motion Warning 226
Richard M. Allen
Earthquakes, Energy 233
Domenico Di Giacomo and Peter Bormann
Earthquakes, Intensity 237
Gottfried Grünthal
Earthquakes, PAGER 243
David J. Wald
Earthquakes, Shake Map 245
David J. Wald
Earthquakes, Source Theory 248
Raul Madariaga
Earthquakes, Strong-Ground Motion 252
Giuliano F. Panza, Cristina La Mura,
Fabio Romanelli and Franco VaccariEarthquakes, Volcanogenic 261
J. W. Neuberg
Electrical Properties of Rocks 270
Takashi Yoshino
Electrical Resistivity Surveys and Data
Interpretation 276
Meng Heng Loke
Electronic Geophysical Year 283
William K. Peterson, Daniel N. Baker,
C. E. Barton, Peter Fox, M. A. Parsons and
Emily A. CoBabe-Ammann
Energy Budget of the Earth 285
Jean-Claude Mareschal and Claude Jaupart
Energy Partitioning of Seismic Waves 291
Kalachand Sain
Equatorial Electrojet 294
Archana Bhattacharyya
Fractals and Chaos 297
Vijay P. Dimri, Ravi P. Srivastava and
Nimisha Vedanti
Free Oscillations of the Earth 302
Sarva Jit Singh and Sunita Rani
Geodesy, Figure of the Earth 313
Kusumita Arora
Geodesy, Ground Positioning and Leveling 316
Stelios P. Mertikas
Geodesy, Networks and Reference Systems 323
Hayo Hase
Geodesy, Physical 331
V. Chakravarthi
Geodetic Pendulums, Horizontal Ultra
Broad Band 336
Carla Braitenberg
Geodynamics 340
Alessandro M. Forte
Geoelectromagnetism 341
Antal Ádám and László Szarka
Geoid 353
Paramesh Banerjee
Geoid Determination, Theory and Principles 356
Michael G. Sideris
viCONTENTS
Geoid Undulation, Interpretation 362
Petr Vaníek
Geoid, Computational Method 366
Michael G. Sideris
Geomagnetic Excursions 371
Martha Schwartz
Geomagnetic Field, Global Pattern 373
Susan Macmillan
Geomagnetic Field, IGRF 379
Aude Chambodut
Geomagnetic Field, Measurement Techniques 381
Mioara Mandea and Anca Isac
Geomagnetic Field, Polarity Reversals 386
Carlo Laj
Geomagnetic Field, Secular Variation 394
Monika Korte
Geomagnetic Field, Theory 394
Friedrich H. Busse
Geophysical Well Logging 401
Miroslav Kobr
Geothermal Heat Pumps 411
Ladislaus Rybach
Geothermal Record of Climate Change 415
Michael G. Davis, David S. Chapman and
Robert N. Harris
GPS, Data Acquisition and Analysis 420
Carine Bruyninx, Wim Aerts and Juliette Legrand
GPS, Tectonic Geodesy 431
Jeffrey T. Freymueller
Gravimeters 449
Andrew Hugill
Gravity Anomalies, Interpretation 456
Mikhail K. Kaban
Gravity Data, Advanced Processing 461
Christopher J. Swain and Jonathan F. Kirby
Gravity Data, Regional-Residual Separation 466
Kumarendra Mallick, Anthwar Vasanthi and
Krishna Kant Sharma
Gravity Field of the Earth 471
Christopher JekeliGravity Field, Temporal Variations from Space
Techniques 484
Anny Cazenave, G. Ramillien and
Richard Biancale
Gravity Field, Time Variations from Surface
Measurements 489
Virendra M. Tiwari and Jacques Hinderer
Gravity Measurements, Absolute 494
Mark A. Zumberge
Gravity Method, Airborne 497
Uwe Meyer
Gravity Method, Principles 500
Hans-Jürgen Götze
Gravity Method, Satellite 504
Georges Balmino
Gravity Method, Surface 513
Dinesh Chandra Mishra and Virendra M. Tiwari
Gravity Modeling, Theory and Computation 518
Jean-Pierre Barriot and Lydie Sichoix
Gravity, Data to Anomalies 524
Ron Hackney
Gravity, Global Models 533
Nikolaos K. Pavlis
Gravity, Gradiometry 547
Christopher Jekeli
Great Earthquakes 561
Roger M. W. Musson
Heat Flow Measurements, Continental 569
John H. Sass and Graeme Beardsmore
Heat Flow, Continental 573
Paul Morgan
Heat Flow, Seafloor: Methods and Observations 582
Earl E. Davis and Andrew T. Fisher
Impact Craters on Earth 593
Richard A. F. Grieve and Gordon R. Osinski
Instrumentation, Electrical Resistivity 599
Meng H. Loke, Jonathan E. Chambers and
Oliver Kuras
Instrumentation, EM 604
Steven Constable
CONTENTSvii
International Geophysical Year 608
Ralph W. Baird
International Gravity Formula 611
Hans-Jürgen Götze
International Polar Year 2007-2008 612
David J. Carlson
International Year of Planet Earth 614
Eduardo F. J. de Mulder and Wolfgang Eder
Inverse Theory, Artificial Neural Networks 618
William A. Sandham and David J. Hamilton
Inverse Theory, Global Optimization 625
Mrinal K. Sen and Paul L. Stoffa
Inverse Theory, Linear 632
Pravin K. Gupta
Inverse Theory, Monte Carlo Method 639
Malcolm Sambridge and Kerry Gallagher
Inverse Theory, Singular Value Decomposition 645
Ajay Manglik
Isostasy 647
Anthony B. Watts
Isostasy, Thermal 662
David S. Chapman and Derrick Hasterok
Legal Continental Shelf 669
Ray Wood, Stuart A. Henrys, Vaughan Stagpoole,
Bryan Davy and Ian Wright
Lithosphere, Continental 675
David E. James
Lithosphere, Continental: Thermal Structure 681
Claude Jaupart and Jean-Claude Mareschal
Lithosphere, Mechanical Properties 693
Evgueni Burov
Lithosphere, Oceanic 701
James McClain
Lithosphere, Oceanic: Thermal Structure 709
Earl E. Davis and David S. Chapman
Magnetic Anisotropy 717
Leonardo Sagnotti
Magnetic Anomalies, Interpretation 729
Erwan ThébaultMagnetic Data Enhancements and Depth
Estimation 736
Clive Foss
Magnetic Domains 746
Susan L. Halgedahl
Magnetic Gradiometry 758
Harald von der Osten-Woldenburg
Magnetic Methods, Airborne 761
Mike Dentith
Magnetic Methods, Principles 767
Kusumita Arora
Magnetic Methods, Satellite 771
Dhananjay Ravat
Magnetic Methods, Surface 774
Nandini Nagarajan
Magnetic Modeling, Theory and Computation 781
Mioara Mandea, Carmen Gaina and Vincent Lesur
Magnetic Storms and Electromagnetic Pulsations 792
Gurbax S. Lakhina and Bruce T. Tsurutani
Magnetic, Global Anomaly Map 796
Kumar Hemant Singh
Magnetometers 810
Ivan Hrvoic
Magnetotelluric Data Processing 816
Gary Egbert
Magnetotelluric Interpretation 822
John F. Hermance
Magnetovariation Studies 830
Nandini Nagarajan
Mantle Convection 832
David Bercovici
Mantle D
00
Layer 851
Thorne Lay
Mantle Plumes 857
Cinzia G. Farnetani and Albrecht W. Hofmann
Mantle Viscosity 869
W. R. Peltier
Numerical Methods, Boundary Element 877
Michele Cooke
viiiCONTENTS
Numerical Methods, Domain Decomposition 879
Alfio Quarteroni and Luca Formaggia
Numerical Methods, Finite Difference 883
Johan O. A. Robertsson and Joakim O. Blanch
Numerical Methods, Finite Element 892
J. N. Reddy
Numerical Methods, Multigrid 895
Wim A. Mulder
Ocean Bottom Seismics 901
Ingo A. Pecher, Jörg Bialas and Ernst R. Flueh
Ocean, Spreading Centre 908
K. S. Krishna
Oceanic Intraplate Deformation: The Central
Indian Ocean Basin 913
D. Gopala Rao and D. A. Bhaskara Rao
Paleomagnetic Field Intensity 919
Andrew Biggin, Neil Suttie and John Shaw
Paleomagnetism, Magnetostratigraphy 925
Donald R. Prothero
Paleomagnetism, Measurement Techniques and
Instrumentation 933
Tallavajhala Radhakrishna and J. D. A. Piper
Paleomagnetism, Polar Wander 945
Jean Besse, Vincent Courtillot and Marianne Greff
Paleomagnetism, Principles 955
William Lowrie
Paleoseismology 964
Shinji Toda
Plate Driving Forces 977
Alessandro M. Forte
Plate Motions in Time: Inferences on Driving and
Resisting Forces 983
Giampiero Iaffaldano and Hans-Peter Bunge
Plate Tectonics, Precambrian 991
Y. J. Bhaskar Rao and E. V. S. S. K. Babu
Plates and Paleoreconstructions 998
Alan G. Smith
Poroelasticity 1003
Ran BachrachPropagation of Elastic Waves: Fundamentals 1006
Francisco J. Sánchez-Sesma and Ursula
Iturrarán-Viveros
Radioactivity in Earth"s Core 1013
V. Rama Murthy
Radiogenic Heat Production of Rocks 1018
Christoph Clauser
Remanent Magnetism 1024
Laurie Brown and Suzanne McEnroe
Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques for Tectonic
Studies 1030
Semere Solomon and Woldai Ghebreab
Remote Sensing, Applications to Geophysics 1035
Hojjatollah Ranjbar
SAR Interferometry 1041
Masato Furuya
Satellite Laser Ranging 1049
David Coulot, Florent Deleflie,
Pascal Bonnefond, Pierre Exertier, Olivier Laurain and Bertrand de Saint-Jean
Seafloor Spreading 1055
Richard N. Hey
Sedimentary Basins 1059
Magdalena Scheck-Wenderoth
Seismic Anisotropy 1070
Thorsten W. Becker
Seismic Data Acquisition and Processing 1081
Kabir Roy Chowdhury
Seismic Diffraction 1097
Enru Liu
Seismic Discontinuities in the Transition Zone 1102
Lev P. Vinnik
Seismic Hazard 1107
Andrzej Kijko
Seismic Imaging, Overview 1121
Gerard T. Schuster
Seismic Instrumentation 1134
Duncan Carr Agnew
Seismic Microzonation 1140
Fumio Yamazaki and Yoshihisa Maruyama
CONTENTSix
Seismic Monitoring of Nuclear Explosions 1144
Paul G. Richards and Wu Zhongliang
Seismic Noise 1157
Dhananjay Kumar and Imtiaz Ahmed
Seismic Phase Names: IASPEI Standard 1162
Dmitry A. Storchak, Johannes Schweitzer and
Peter Bormann
Seismic Properties of Rocks 1173
Nikolas I. Christensen
Seismic Quiescence and Activation 1178
Gennady Sobolev
Seismic Seiches 1184
Art McGarr
Seismic Signals in Well Observations:
Pre, Co, Post 1185
R. K. Chadha
Seismic Structure at Mid-Ocean Ridges 1190
Donald W. Forsyth
Seismic Tomography 1195
Guust Nolet
Seismic Velocity-Density Relationships 1198
Kalachand Sain
Seismic Velocity-Temperature Relationships 1199
Kalachand Sain
Seismic Wave Propagation in Real Media:
Numerical Modeling Approaches 1200
Ursula Iturrarán-Viveros and
Francisco J. Sánchez-Sesma
Seismic Waves, Scattering 1210
Ludovic Margerin
Seismic Zonation 1224
Yanxiang Yu, Mengtan Gao and Guangyin Xu
Seismic, Ambient Noise Correlation 1230
Michel Campillo, Philippe Roux and
Nikolai M. Shapiro
Seismic, Migration 1236
Samuel H. Gray
Seismic, Ray Theory 1244
Vlastislavervený and Ivan Peník
Seismic, Receiver Function Technique 1258
Rainer Kind and Xiaohui YuanSeismic, Reflectivity Method 1269
Mrinal K. Sen
Seismic, Viscoelastic Attenuation 1279
Vernon F. Cormier
Seismic, Waveform Modeling and Tomography 1290
Yanghua Wang
Seismicity, Intraplate 1301
Paul Bodin
Seismicity, Subduction Zone 1305
Akira Hasegawa
Seismogram Interpretation 1315
Ota Kulhanek and Leif Persson
Seismological Networks 1324
Eric Robert Engdahl and István Bondár
Seismology, Global Earthquake Model 1334
Peter Suhadolc
Seismology, Monitoring of CTBT 1340
Wu Zhongliang and Paul G. Richards
Seismology, Rotational 1344
William H. K. Lee
Shear-Wave Splitting: New Geophysics and
Earthquake Stress-Forecasting 1355
Stuart Crampin
Single and Multichannel Seismics 1366
Tamás Tóth
Slow Earthquake 1374
Teruyuki Kato
Spherical Harmonic Analysis Applied to
Potential Fields 1382
Nikolaos K. Pavlis
Statistical Seismology 1392
David A. Rhoades
Subduction Zones 1395
Geoffrey A. Abers
Surface Waves 1406
Barbara Romanowicz
T Waves 1421
Emile A. Okal
xCONTENTS
Thermal Storage and Transport Properties of
Rocks, I: Heat Capacity and Latent Heat 1423
Christoph Clauser
Thermal Storage and Transport Properties of
Rocks, II: Thermal Conductivity
and Diffusivity 1431
Christoph Clauser
Time Reversal in Seismology 1449
Carène Larmat and Clarence S. Clay
Traveltime Tomography Using Controlled-Source
Seismic Data 1453
Colin A. Zelt
Tsunami 1473
Steven N. WardTsunami: Bay of Bengal 1493
Vineet Gahalaut
Tsunami Watch and Warning Centers 1498
Shailesh R. Nayak and Srinivasa Kumar Tummala
Vertical Seismic Profiling 1507
James W. Rector, III and Maria-Daphne Mangriotis
Very Long Baseline Interferometry 1509
Helmut Wiesemeyer and Axel Nothnagel
Wavelet Analysis 1517
Mikhail Kulesh
Author Index 1525
Subject Index 1527
CONTENTSxi
Contributors
Geoffrey A. Abers
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia
University
61 Route 9W, P.O. Box 1000
Palisades, NY 10964
USA abers@ldeo.columbia.edu
Antal Ádám
Geodetic and Geophysical Research Institute of the
Hungarian Academy of Sciences
P.O. Box 5
9401 Sopron
Hungary
adam@ggki.hu
Wim Aerts
Department of Reference Systems and Planetology
Royal Observatory of Belgium
Avenue Circulaire 3
1180 Brussels
Belgium
Duncan Carr Agnew
Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
University of California San Diego
9500 Gilman Dr
La Jolla, CA 92093-0225
USA dagnew@ucsd.edu
Imtiaz Ahmed
BP
501 Westlake Park Blvd
Houston, TX
USA
Imtiaz.Ahmed@bp.comRichard M. Allen
Berkeley Seismological Laboratory
Department of Earth and Planetary Science
University of California
307 McCone Hall
Berkeley, CA 94720
USA rallen@berkeley.edu
Kusumita Arora
National Geophysical Research Institute
Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)
Uppal Road
Hyderabad 500 606
India kusumita@ngri.res.in karora_ngri@yahoo.co.uk
Estella Atekwana
Boone Pickens School of Geology
Oklahoma State University
Stillwater, OK 74078
USA estella.atekwana@okstate.edu
Jonathan M. Aurnou
Department of Earth and Space Sciences
University of California
Los Angeles, CA 90095
USA aurnou@ucla.edu
E. V. S. S. K. Babu
National Geophysical Research Institute
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
Uppal Road
Hyderabad 500 007
India evsskbabu@yahoo.co.in
Ran Bachrach
Geophysics and Planetary Sciences Department
Tel Aviv University
P.O. Box 39040
Tel Aviv 69978
Israel
ran.bachrach@gmail.com
Ralph W. Baird
Baird Petrophysical International
Houston, TX
USA ralph@bairdusa.com
Daniel N. Baker
Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics
University of Colorado
1234 Innovation Drive
Boulder, CO 80303-7814
USA daniel.baker@lasp.colorado.edu
Georges Balmino
Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales
18, Avenue Edouard Belin Cedex 4
31401 Toulouse
France
georges.balmino@orange.fr
Paramesh Banerjee
Earth Observatory of Singapore
Nanyang Technological University
50 Nanyang Avenue
639798
Singapore
pbanerjee@ntu.edu.sg
Jean-Pierre Barriot
Observatoire Géodésique de Tahiti
University of French Polynesia
BP 6570
98702 Faaa-Tahiti
French Polynesia
Jean-Pierre.Barriot@upf.pf
C. E. Barton
Australian National University
Canberra ACT 0200
Australia
cebarton@gmail.com
Graeme Beardsmore
Monash University
and
Hot Dry Rocks Pty Ltd
Victoria
Australia
graeme.beardsmore@hotdryrocks.comThorsten W. Becker
Department of Earth Sciences
University of Southern California
3651 Trousdale Pkwy, MC0740
Los Angeles, CA 90089-0740
USA thorstinski@gmail.com
David Bercovici
Department of Geology & Geophysics
Yale University
P.O. Box 208109
New Haven, CT 06520-8109
USA david.bercovici@yale.edu
Jean Besse
Laboratoire de Paléomagnétisme
Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris
4 place Jussieu
75252 Paris
France
besse@ipgp.fr besse@ipgp.jussieu.fr
Y. J. Bhaskar Rao
National Geophysical Research Institute
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
Uppal Road
Hyderabad 500 007
India yjbhaskarrao@gmail.com
D. A. Bhaskara Rao
National Geophysical Research Institute
Hyderabad 500 007
India
Archana Bhattacharyya
Indian Institute of Geomagnetism
Kalamboli, New Panvel
Navi Mumbai 410218
India abh@iigs.iigm.res.in
Jörg Bialas
Leibniz-Institut für Meereswissenschaften
University of Kiel
Wischhofstr. 1-3
24148 Kiel
Germany
jbialas@ifm-geomar.de xivCONTRIBUTORS
Richard Biancale
DTP, OMP
18 Avenue Edouard Belin
31401 Toulouse Cedex 9
France
richard.biancale@cnes.fr
Andrew Biggin
Geomagnetism Laboratory
University of Liverpool
Liverpool L69 7ZE
UK biggin@liv.ac.uk
Joakim O. Blanch
BHP Billiton
1360 Post Oak Blvd. Ste 150
Houston, TX 77056
USA joakim.blanch@bhpbilliton.com
Paul Bodin
Pacific Northwest Seismic Network (PNSN)
University of Washington
146 ATG Building
Seattle, WA 98195-1310
USA bodin@uw.edu
Sigrid Böhm
Research Group Advanced Geodesy
Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics
Vienna University of Technology
Gusshausstrasse 27-29
1040 Vienna
Austria
sigrid.boehm@tuwien.ac.at
István Bondár
International Seismological Centre
Pipers Lane
Thatcham, Berkshire RG19 4NS
UK istvan@isc.ac.uk
Pascal Bonnefond
Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Géoazur, GRGS
Avenue Nicolas Copernic
06130 Grasse
France
Peter Bormann
Department 2: Physics of the Earth
Formerly GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
Telegrafenberg
14473 Potsdam
Germany
pb65@gmx.netCarla Braitenberg
Department of Geosciences
University of Trieste
Via Weiss 1
34100 Trieste
Italy berg@units.it
Laurie Brown
Department of Geosciences
University of Massachusetts
Amherst, MA 01003
USA lbrown@geo.umass.edu
Carine Bruyninx
Department of Reference Systems and Planetology
Royal Observatory of Belgium
Avenue Circulaire 3
1180 Brussels
Belgium
c.bruyninx@oma.be
Hans-Peter Bunge
Geophysics Section, Department of Earth and
Environmental Sciences
Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich
Theresienstrasse 41
80333 Munich
Germany
bunge@lmu.de
Evgueni Burov
ISTEP-Institute of Earth Sciences of Paris (UMR 7193
UPMC-CNRS)
University of Pierre et Marie Curie
75252 Paris
France
evgenii.burov@upmc.fr
Friedrich H. Busse
Institute of Physics
University of Bayreuth
Building NW II
95440 Bayreuth
Germany
busse@uni-bayreuth.de
Michel Campillo
Observatoire de Grenoble
Université Joseph Fourier and CNRS
BP 53
38041 Grenoble
France
Michel.Campillo@obs.ujf-grenoble.fr
CONTRIBUTORSxv
David J. Carlson
British Antarctic Survey
IPY International Programme Office
High Cross, Madingley Road
Cambridge CB3 0ET
UK ipy.djc@gmail.com
Richard W. Carlson
Department of Terrestrial Magnetism
Carnegie Institution of Washington
5241 Broad Branch Road, NW
Washington, DC 20015
USA rcarlson@ciw.edu
Anny Cazenave
Laboratoire d'Etudes en Géophysique et Océanographie
Spatiales (LEGOS)
Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales
18 Avenue Edouard Belin
31401 Toulouse Cedex 4
France
anny.cazenave@legos.obs-mip.fr
VlastislavČervený
Department of Geophysics, Mathematics and Physics
Charles University
Ke Karlovu 3 121 16
Praha
Czech Republic
vcerveny@seis.karlov.mff.cuni.cz
R. K. Chadha
National Geophysical Research Institute
Uppal Road
Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh
India chadha@ngri.res.in
V. Chakravarthi
National Geophysical Research Institute
Uppal Road
Hyderabad 500 007, Andra Pradesh
India vcvarthi@rediffmail.com vcvarthi@ngri.res.in
Jonathan E. Chambers
Geophysical Tomography Team
British Geological Survey, Keyworth
Nottingham NG12 5GG
UK jecha@bgs.ac.ukAude Chambodut
Laboratoire de Géodynamique Globale: Champs de
Potentiels et Déformations Actives (CNRS UMR 7516) Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (UDS)
5 rue René Descartes
67084 Strasbourg Cédex
France
aude@unistra.fr
David S. Chapman
Department of Geology and Geophysics
The University of Utah
382 Frederick A Sutton Building, 115 South 1460 East
Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0102
USA david.chapman@utah.edu
Nikolas I. Christensen
Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences
University of British Columbia
Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4
Canada
chris@geology.wisc.edu
Ulrich R. Christensen
Max-Planck Institut für Sonnensystemforschung
Max-Planck Str. 2
37191 Katlenburg-Lindau
Germany
christensen@mps.mpg.de
Christoph Clauser
Institute for Applied Geophysics and Geothermal Energy
E.ON Energy Research Center
RWTH Aachen University
Mathieustr. 6
52074 Aachen
Germany
cclauser@eonerc.rwth-aachen.de
Clarence S. Clay
Marine Geophysics and Wave Propagation
Department of Geoscience
University of Wisconsin-Madison
1215 W. Dayton St.
Madison, WI 53706
USA clay@geology.wisc.edu
Emily A. CoBabe-Ammann
Emily A. CoBabe and Associates
Boulder, CO
USA ecobabe@spaceeducation.org xviCONTRIBUTORS
Steven Constable
Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
La Jolla, CA 92093-0225
USA sconstable@ucsd.edu
Michele Cooke
Geosciences Department
UMass-Amherst
611 North Pleasant St
Amherst, MA 01003-9297
USA cooke@geo.umass.edu
Vernon F. Cormier
Physics Department
University of Connecticut
2152 Hillside Road U-3046
Storrs, CT 06269-3046
USA vernon.cormier@uconn.edu
David Coulot
Laboratoire de Recherche en Géodésie
Institut Géographique National, GRGS
Ecole Nationale des Sciences Géographiques
6 et 8 Avenue Blaise Pascal
Cité Descartes-Champs-sur-Marne
77455 Marne la Vallée Cedex 2
France
David.Coulot@ign.fr
Vincent Courtillot
Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris
1 Place Jussieu
75005 Paris
France
Stuart Crampin
British Geological Survey
Murchison House
West Mains Road
Edinburgh EH9 3LA
Scotland, UK
scrampin@ed.ac.uk
Shamita Das
Department of Earth Sciences
University of Oxford
South Parks Road
Oxford OX1 3AN
UK das@earth.ox.ac.ukMichael G. Davis
Department of Geology and Geophysics
University of Utah
115 South 1460 East
Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0111
USA michael.g.davis@utah.edu
Earl E. Davis
Pacific Geoscience Centre
Geological Survey of Canada
9860 W. Saanich Rd, P.O. Box 6000
Sidney, BC V8L 4B2
Canada
edavis@nrcan.gc.ca
Paul M. Davis
Earth and Space Sciences
UCLA
405 Hilgard Ave
Los Angeles, CA 90095
USA pdavisucla@gmail.com
Bryan Davy
GNS Science
1 Fairway Drive Avalon, P.O. Box 30-368
5010 Lower Hutt
New Zealand
Eduardo F. J. de Mulder
NGU, Geological Survey of Norway
7491 Trondheim
Norway
e.demulder@planet.nl
Florent Deleflie
Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des
Ephémérides, GRGS
77 Avenue Denfert Rochereau
75014 Paris
France
Florent.Deleflie@imcce.fr
Mike Dentith
School of Earth and Environment (M004)
The University of Western Australia
35 Stirling Highway
Crawley, WA 6009
Australia
mdentith@segs.uwa.edu.au
John S. Derr
19 Escena Dr
Tijeras, NM 87059
USA shakyace@yahoo.com
CONTRIBUTORSxvii
Domenico Di Giacomo
Department 2: Physics of the Earth
GFZ German Research Center for Geosciences
Telegrafenberg
14473 Potsdam
Germany
domenico@gfz-potsdam.de
Vijay P. Dimri
Research, Innovation & Incubation Center
Gujarat Energy Research and Management Institute
IT Tower-1, Infocity
Gandhinagar, Gujarat
India dimrivp@yahoo.com vijay.dimri@germi.res.in
Wolfgang Eder
Department of Earth Sciences
University of Munich
Luisenstrasse 37
80333 Munich
Germany
w.eder-geo@iaag.geo.uni-muenchen.de
Gary Egbert
College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences
Oregon State University
104 COAS Administration Building
Corvallis, OR 97331-5503
USA egbert@coas.oregonstate.edu
Eric Robert Engdahl
Center for Imaging the Earth's Interior
Department of Physics
University of Colorado at Boulder
Campus Box 390 UCB
Boulder, CO 80309-0390
USA engdahl@colorado.edu
Pierre Exertier
Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Géoazur, GRGS
Avenue Nicolas Copernic
06130 Grasse
France
Cinzia G. Farnetani
Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris
75238 Paris
France
cinzia@ipgp.frAndrew T. Fisher
Earth and Planetary Sciences Department
University of California at Santa Cruz
Santa Cruz, CA 95064
USA afisher@ucsc.edu
Ernst R. Flueh
Leibniz-Institut für Meereswissenschaften
University of Kiel
Wischhofstr. 1-3
24148 Kiel
Germany
eflueh@ifm-geomar.de
Luca Formaggia
MOX, Department of Mathematics
Politecnico di Milano
Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32
20133 Milano
Italy luca.formaggia@polimi.it
Donald W. Forsyth
Department of Geological Sciences
Brown University
Providence, RI 02912
USA
Donald_Forsyth@brown.edu
Alessandro M. Forte
GEOTOP Département des Sciences de la Terre
et de l'Atmosphère
Université du Québec à Montréal
CP 8888, succursale Centre-Ville
Montréal, QC H3C 3P8
Canada
forte60@gmail.com
Clive Foss
CSIRO
Locked Bag 10
Clayton, South VIC 3169
Australia
Clive.Foss@csiro.au
Peter Fox
Rensslear Polytechnic Institute
Troy, NY
USA pfox@rpi.edu
Friedemann T. Freund
NASA Ames Research Center/San Jose State University
MS 242-4
Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000
USA friedemann.t.freund@nasa.gov xviiiCONTRIBUTORS
Jeffrey T. Freymueller
Geophysical Institute
University of Alaska Fairbanks
903 Koyukuk Drive
Fairbanks, AK 99775
USA jeff.freymueller@gi.alaska.edu
Masato Furuya
Department of Natural History Sciences
Hokkaido University
N10 W8, Kita-ku
Sapporo 060-0810
Japan furuya@mail.sci.hokudai.ac.jp
Vineet Gahalaut
National Geophysical Research Institute (CSIR)
Uppal Road
Hyderabad 500 007
India vkgahalaut@yahoo.com
Carmen Gaina
Geodynamics Group
Geological Survey of Norway
Trondheim
Norway
Kerry Gallagher
UMR 6118- Géosciences Rennes
Gêosciences, Université de Rennes 1
Campus de Beaulieu
35042 Rennes Cedex
France
kerry.gallagher@univ-rennes1.fr
Mengtan Gao
Institute of Geophysics
China Earthquake Administration
No. 5 Minzudaxue Nanlu
Haidian District, Beijing 100081
China gaomt@vip.sina.com
Edward J. Garnero
School of Earth and Space Exploration
Arizona State University
Tempe, AZ 85287-1404
USA garnero@asu.edu
Woldai Ghebreab
Department of Geology and Environmental Science
University of Akron
Akron, OH 44325-4101
USA wg@uakron.eduHans-Jürgen Götze
Abteilung Geophysik
Institut für Geowissenschaften
Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel
Otto-Hahn-Platz 1
24118 Kiel
Germany
hajo@geophysik.uni-kiel.de
D. Gopala Rao
Geology Department
Osmania University
Hyderabad 500 007
India drgopalarao@yahoo.com
Samuel H. Gray
CGGVeritas
715 5th Avenue SW
Calgary, AB T2P 5A2
Canada
sam.gray@cggveritas.com
Marianne Greff
Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris
1 Place Jussieu
75005 Paris
France
Richard A. F. Grieve
Earth Sciences Sector
Natural Resources Canada
Ottawa, ON K1A 0E8
Canada
rgrieve@nrcan.gc.ca
Gottfried Grünthal
Helmholtz Centre Potsdam
German Research Centre for Geosciences GFZ
Telegrafenberg
14473 Potsdam
Germany
ggrue@gfz-potsdam.de
Harsh K. Gupta
National Geophysical Research Institute
Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)
Uppal Road
Hyderabad 500 606, Andhra Pradesh
India harshg123@gmail.com harsheseg@gmail.com
Pravin K. Gupta
Department of Earth Sciences
Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247 667
India pkgptfes@iitr.ernet.in
CONTRIBUTORSxix
Ron Hackney
Petroleum and Marine Division
Geoscience Australia
GPO Box 378
Canberra, ACT 2601
Australia
ron.hackney@ga.gov.au
Susan L. Halgedahl
Department of Geology and Geophysics
University of Utah
115 South 1460 East, Rm. 383
Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0111
USA s.halgedahl@utah.edu
David J. Hamilton
Ateeda Limited
24 Canning Street
Edinburgh EH3 8EG
UK
Ulrich Harms
Scientific Drilling
GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
Telegrafenberg
14473 Potsdam
Germany
ulrich.harms@gfz-potsdam.de
Robert N. Harris
College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences
Oregon State University
104 COAS Admin Bldg
Corvallis, OR 97331-5503
USA rharris@coas.oregonstate.edu
Hayo Hase
Geodätisches Observatorium Wettzell
Bundesamt für Kartographie und Geodäsie
Sackenrieder Str. 25
93444 Bad Kötzting
Germany
hayo.hase@bkg.bund.de
Akira Hasegawa
RCPEV, Graduate School of Science
Tohoku University
Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578
Japan hasegawa@aob.gp.tohoku.ac.jpDerrick Hasterok
Department of Geology and Geophysics
The University of Utah
382 Frederick A Sutton Building, 115 South 1460 East
Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0102
USA dhasterok@gmail.com
Stuart A. Henrys
GNS Science
1 Fairway Drive Avalon, P.O. Box 30-368
5010 Lower Hutt
New Zealand
John F. Hermance
Department of Geological Sciences
Brown University
P.O. Box 1846
Providence, RI 02912-1846
USA
John_Hermance@brown.edu
Richard N. Hey
Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology
School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology
University of Hawaii
2525 Correa Road
Honolulu, HI 96822
USA hey@soest.hawaii.edu
Jacques Hinderer
Institut de Physique du Globe de Strasbourg, CNRS
Université de Strasbourg
5 rue René Descartes
67084 Strasbourg
France
Jacques.Hinderer@unistra.fr
Klaus-Günter Hinzen
Earthquake Geology Group, Institute of Geology and
Mineralogy
Cologne University
Vinzenz-Pallotti-Str. 26
51429 Bergisch Gladbach
Germany
hinzen@uni-koelnde
Albrecht W. Hofmann
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
Columbia University
Palisades, NY 10964
USA and
Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie
55020 Mainz
Germany
albrecht.hofmann@mpic.de xxCONTRIBUTORS
Ivan Hrvoic
GEM Systems, Inc
135 Spy Court
Markham, ON L3R 5H6
Canada
hrvoics@sympatico.ca
Andrew Hugill
2 Regal Rd Apt 709
Toronto, ON M6H 2J4
Canada
hugill.andrew@gmail.com
Giampiero Iaffaldano
Research School of Earth Sciences
The Australian National University
Bldg 61 Mills Road
Acton, ACT 2601
Australia
giampiero.iaffaldano@anu.edu.au
Anca Isac
Geological Institute of Romania
1 Caransebes Str., Sector 1
12271 Bucharest
Romania
Alik Ismail-Zadeh
Geophysical Institute
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
Hertzstr. 16
76187 Karlsruhe
Germany
and International Institute of Earthquake Prediction Theory and Mathematical Geophysics
Russian Academy of Sciences
Profsoyuznaya 84/32
Moscow 117997
Russia
and
Institut de Physique du Globe
Paris
France
alik.ismail-zadeh@kit.edu
Ursula Iturrarán-Viveros
Departamento de Matemáticas, Facultad de Ciencias
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Escolar s/n
Coyoacán 04510, México DF
Mexico
uiturraran@yahoo.comDavid D. Jackson
Department of Earth and Space Sciences
University of California Los Angeles
595 Charles E. Young Blvd
Los Angeles, CA 90095
USA
David.D.Jackson@UCLA.edu
David E. James
Department of Terrestrial Magnetism
Carnegie Institution of Washington
5241 Broad Branch Rd. N.W.
Washington, DC 20015
USA james@dtm.ciw.edu
Claude Jaupart
Institut de Physique du Globe
4 Pl Jussieu
75252 Paris
France
claude.jaupart@upmc.fr
Christopher Jekeli
Division of Geodetic Science
School of Earth Sciences
Ohio State University
125 South Oval Mall
Columbus, OH 43210-1398
USA jekeli.1@osu.edu
Mikhail K. Kaban
Department 1: Geodesy and Remote Sensing
Sektion 1.3: Earth-System Modelling
Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam - GFZ
Telegrafenberg A 17
14473 Potsdam
Germany
kaban@gfz-potsdam.de
Yan Y. Kagan
Department of Earth and Space Sciences
University of California Los Angeles
595 Charles E. Young Blvd
Los Angeles, CA 90095
USA
Masashi Kamogawa
Department of Physics
Tokyo Gakugei University
4-1-1, Nukuikitamachi
Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8501
Japan kamogawa@u-gakugei.ac.jp
CONTRIBUTORSxxi
Teruyuki Kato
Earthquake Research Institute
The University of Tokyo
1-1, Yayoi 1
Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032
Japan teru@eri.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Hartmut Kern
Institut für Geowissenschaften
Universität Kiel
24098 Kiel
Germany
kern@min.uni-kiel.de
Andrzej Kijko
Aon-Benfield Natural Hazard Centre
University of Pretoria
Room 4-30, Mineral Sciences Building
0002 Pretoria
Republic of South Africa
andrzej.kijko@up.ac.za
Rainer Kind
Helmholtz Centre Potsdam
GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
Section 2.4, Seismology
Telegrafenberg A3
14473 Potsdam
Germany
kind@gfz-potsdam.de
Jonathan F. Kirby
Department of Spatial Sciences
Curtin University of Technology
GPO Box U1987
Perth, WA 6845
Australia
j.kirby@curtin.edu.au
Miroslav Kobr
Institute of Hydrogeology
Engineering Geology and Applied Geophysics
Charles University in Prague
Albertov 6
128 43 Prague 2
Czech Republic
kobr@natur.cuni.cz
Monika Korte
Sektion 2.3, Erdmagnetfeld
Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam
Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum-GFZ
Telegrafenberg
14473 Potsdam
Germany
monika@gfz-potsdam.deVladimir Kossobokov International Institute of Earthquake Prediction Theory and Mathematical Geophysics
Russian Academy of Sciences
Profsoyuznaya 84/32
Moscow 117997
Russia
and
Institut de Physique du Globe
Paris
France
volodya@mitp.ru
K. S. Krishna
Geological Oceanography
National Institute of Oceanography (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research)
Dona Paula, Goa 403004
India
Krishna@nio.org
Mikhail Kulesh
Information Technology
DIS AG
Rathenaustrasse 29A
15831 Mahlow
Germany
mikhail.kulesh@googlemail.com
Ota Kulhanek
Department of Earth Sciences, Section of Seismology
Uppsala University
Villavägen 16
752-36 Uppsala
Sweden
ota.kulhanek@geo.uu.se
Dhananjay Kumar
Chevron
1400 Smith, Room 42007
Houston, TX
USA dhananjaykumar@gmail.com
Oliver Kuras
Geophysical Tomography Team
British Geological Survey, Keyworth
Nottingham NG12 5GG
UK oku@bgs.ac.uk
Cristina La Mura
Department of Geosciences
University of Trieste
Via E. Weiss, 4 Pal. P
34127 Trieste
Italy clamura@gmail.com xxiiCONTRIBUTORS
Carlo Laj
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat
Unité mixte CEA-CNRS-UVSQ
Avenue de la Terrasse
91190 Gif-sur-Yvette
France
Carlo.Laj@lsce.ipsl.fr
Gurbax S. Lakhina
Indian Institute of Geomagnetism
Kalamboli Highway
New Panvel (W), Navi Mumbai
India gslakhina@gmail.com
Carène Larmat
Geophysics Group, EES-17, MS D443
Los Alamos National Laboratory
Los Alamos, NM 87545
USA carene@lanl.gov
Olivier Laurain
Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Géoazur, GRGS
Avenue Nicolas Copernic
06130 Grasse
France
Thorne Lay
Earth and Planetary Sciences Department
University of California
Earth and Marine Sciences Building
Santa Cruz, CA 95064
USA tlay@ucsc.edu
William H. K. Lee
U.S. Geological Survey
MS 977, 345 Middlefield Road
Menlo Park, CA 94025
USA lee@usgs.gov
Juliette Legrand
Department of Reference Systems and Planetology
Royal Observatory of Belgium
Avenue Circulaire 3
1180 Brussels
Belgium
Vincent Lesur
Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam
Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum
14473 Potsdam
GermanyEnru Liu
China University of Mining and Technology
Xuzhou
China eliu0103@hotmail.com
Mian Liu
Department of Geological Sciences
University of Missouri
Columbia, MO 65211
USA lium@missouri.edu
Meng Heng Loke
Geotomo Software Sdn. Bhd.
115, Cangkat Minden Jalan 5, Minden Heights
11700 Gelugor, Penang
Malaysia
drmhloke@yahoo.com
William Lowrie
EmeritusProfessorofGeophysics,InstituteofGeophysics
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
8092 Zürich
Switzerland
lowrie@mag.ig.erdw.ethz.ch
Susan Macmillan
British Geological Survey Murchison House
West Mains Road
Edinburgh EH9 3LA
Scotland, UK
smac@bgs.ac.uk
Raul Madariaga
Laboratoire de Géologie
Ecole Normale Supérieure
24 rue Lhomond
75231 Paris
France
madariag@geologie.ens.fr
Kumarendra Mallick
National Geophysical Research Institute
Uppal Road
Hyderabad 500 606, Andhra Pradesh
India kumar.muse@yahoo.com
Mioara Mandea
Université Paris Diderot-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Géophysique spatiale et planétaire
Bâtiment Lamarck Case 7,011, 5 rue Thomas Mann
75205 Paris Cedex 13
France
mioara@ipgp.fr
CONTRIBUTORSxxiii
Ajay Manglik
National Geophysical Research Institute
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)
Uppal Road
Hyderabad 500 606
India ajay@ngri.res.in
Maria-Daphne Mangriotis
Applied Geophysics
Institute of Engineering Seismology and Earthquake
Engineering (ITSAK)
46 G. Scholis
5355102 Thessaloniki
Greece
mdmangriotis@gmail.com
Jean-Claude Mareschal
Centre GEOTOP-UQAM
University of Québec at Montréal
P.O. Box 8888
Montréal, QC H3C 3P8
Canada
mareschal.jean-claude@uqam.ca
Ludovic Margerin
Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie
Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées/C.N.R.S.
14, Avenue Edouard Belin
31400 Toulouse
France
margerin@dtp.obs-mip.fr
Yoshihisa Maruyama
Graduate School of Engineering
Chiba University
1-33 Yayoi-cho
Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522
Japan ymaruyam@tu.chiba-u.ac.jp
Robert McCaffrey
Department of Geology
Portland State University
Portland, OR 97207
USA mccafr@gmail.com
James McClain
Department of Geology
University of California
One Shields Avenue
Davis, CA 95616-8605
USA mcclain@geology.ucdavis.eduSuzanne McEnroe
Norwegian Geological Survey
7491 Trondheim
Norway
Suzanne.McEnroe@ngu.no
Art McGarr
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road MS 977
Menlo Park, CA 94025-3591
USA mcgarr@usgs.gov
Allen K. McNamara
School of Earth and Space Exploration
Arizona State University
Tempe, AZ 85287-1404
USA allen.mcnamara@asu.edu
Rolf Meissner
Institut für Geowissenschaften
Universität Kiel
24098 Kiel
Germany
rmeissner@email.uni-kiel.de
Stelios P. Mertikas
Laboratory of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering
Exploration and Positioning Division
Department of Mineral Resources Engineering
Technical University of Crete
73100 Chania Crete
Greece
mertikas@mred.tuc.gr s_mertikas@yahoo.com
Uwe Meyer
Sub-Department Geophysical Reconnaissance-
Resources and Near Surface Processes
Federal Agency for Geosciences and Mineral Resources
Stilleweg 2
30655 Hannover
Germany
Uwe.Meyer@bgr.de
Andrew J. Michael
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS 977
Menlo Park, CA 94025
USA michael@usgs.gov xxivCONTRIBUTORS
Dinesh Chandra Mishra
National Geophysical Research Institute
Uppal Road
Hyderabad (CSIR) 500 606
India dcm_ngri@yahoo.co.in
Jean-Paul Montagner
Seismological Laboratory, Institut de Physique du Globe
University Paris-Diderot, UMR CNRS/7154
1 rue Jussieu
75238 Paris
France
jpm@ipgp.fr
Paul Morgan
Colorado Geological Survey
1313 Sherman Street, Rm 715
Denver, CO 80203
USA paul.morgan@state.co.us
Wim A. Mulder
Department of Geotechnology
Delft University of Technology
P.O. Box 5048
2600 GA Delft
The Netherlands
W.A.Mulder@tudelft.nl
Roger M. W. Musson
Earthquake Seismology
British Geological Survey
West Mains Road
Edinburgh EH9 3LA
Scotland, UK
rmwm@bgs.ac.uk
Toshiyasu Nagao
Earthquake Prediction Research Center
Institute of Oceanic Research and Development
Tokai University
3-20-1 Orido
Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 424-8610
Japan nagao@scc.u-tokai.ac.jp
Nandini Nagarajan
National Geophysical Research Institute
Uppal Road
Hyderabad 500007
India nandini_nn@yahoo.com nandini_ngri@yahoo.comShailesh R. Nayak
Ministry of Earth Sciences
Government of India
New Delhi 110003
India secretary@moes.gov.in shaileshnayak@hotmail.com
J. W. Neuberg
Institute of Geophysics and Tectonics
School of Earth and Environment
University of Leeds
Leeds LS2 9JT
UK
J.Neuberg@leeds.ac.uk
Guust Nolet
Geosciences Azur
250, Rue Albert Einstein
6560 Sophia Antipolis
France
nolet@geoazur.unice.fr
Axel Nothnagel
VLBI Research Group
Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation
University of Bonn
Nussallee 17
53115 Bonn
Germany
nothnagel@uni-bonn.de
Emile A. Okal
Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences
Northwestern University
Evanston, IL 60208
USA emile@earth.northwestern.edu
Gordon R. Osinski
Department of Earth Sciences/Physics and Astronomy
University of Western Ontario
London, ON N6A 5B7
Canada
gosinski@uwo.ca
Harald von der Osten-Woldenburg
National Heritage Department
Regional Government of Baden-Wuerttemberg
Berliner Strasse 12
73728 Esslingen am Neckar
Germany
harald.vonderosten@rps.bwl.de hvdosten@gmail.com
CONTRIBUTORSxxv
Giuliano F. Panza
Department of Geosciences
University of Trieste
Via E. Weiss, 4 Pal. P
34127 Trieste
Italy and
Earth System Physics Section/Sand Group
The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical
Physics
Trieste
Italy panza@units.it
M. Parsons
National Snow and Ice Data Center
University of Colorado
Boulder, CO
USA parsonsm@nsidc.org
Vincenzo Pasquale
Dipartimento per lo Studio del Territorio e delle sue
Risorse, Settore di Geofisica
Università degli Studi di Genova
Viale Benedetto XV 5
16132 Genova
Italy pasquale@dipteris.unige.it
Nikolaos K. Pavlis
Geodesy and Geophysics Basic and Applied Research
National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA)
12310 Sunrise Valley Drive, Mail Stop P-126
Reston, VA 20191-3449
USA
Nikolaos.K.Pavlis@nga.mil
Ingo A. Pecher
GNS Science
1 Fairway Drive, P.O. Box 30368
5040 Lower Hutt
New Zealand
and
Institute of Petroleum Engineering
Heriot-Watt University
Edinburgh EH14 4AS
UK i.pecher@gns.cri.nz
W. R. Peltier
Department of Physics
University of Toronto
60 St. George Street
Toronto, ON M5S 1A7
Canada
peltier@atmosp.physics.utoronto.caLeif Persson
Department of Underwater Research
FOI
Gullfossgatan 6
164 90 Stockholm
Sweden
leifp@foi.se
William K. Peterson
Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics
University of Colorado
1234 Innovation Drive
Boulder, CO 80303-7814
USA pete@lasp.colorado.edu
Bill.Peterson@lasp.colorado.edu
J. D. A. Piper
Geomagnetism Laboratory
University of Liverpool
Liverpool L69 3BX
UK sg04@liverpool.ac.uk
Donald R. Prothero
Department of Geology
Occidental College
1600 Campus Rd
Los Angeles, CA 90041-4858
USA
Prothero@oxy.edu
Ivan Pšenčík
Institute of Geophysics
Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic
Boční II 141 31
Praha
Czech Republic
ip@ig.cas.cz
Alfio Quarteroni
MOX, Department of Mathematics
Politecnico di Milano
Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32
20133 Milano
Italy and
CMCS-MATHICSE
EPFL
1015 Lausanne
Switzerland
alfio.quarteroni@epfl.ch xxviCONTRIBUTORS
Tallavajhala Radhakrishna
Geoscience Division
Centre for Earth Science Studies
P.O. no. 7250, Akkulam, Thuruvikkal
Trivandrum 695031
India tradha@rediffmail.com
V. Rama Murthy
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences
Institute of Meteoritics, University of New Mexico
313 A Northrop Hall 1
Albuquerque, NM 87131-1126
USA vrmurthy@unm.edu
G. Ramillien
DTP, OMP
18 Avenue Edouard Belin
31401 Toulouse Cedex 9
France
ramillien@dtp.obs-mip.fr
Sunita Rani
Department of Mathematics
GuruJambheshwarUniversityofScienceandTechnology
Hisar 125001
India s_b_rani@rediffmail.com
Hojjatollah Ranjbar
Department of Mining Engineering
Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman
Jomhouri Eslami Blvd.
76135-133 Kerman
Iran h.ranjbar@mail.uk.ac.ir
Dhananjay Ravat
Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences
University of Kentucky
101 Slone Building
Lexington, KY 40506-0053
USA dhananjay.ravat@uky.edu
James W. Rector, III
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
University of California at Berkeley
412 Davis Hall
Berkeley, CA 94709
USA jwrector@lbl.govJ. N. Reddy
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Texas A&M University
3123 TAMU
College Station, TX 77843-3123
USA jnreddytamu.edu jn_reddy@yahoo.com
David A. Rhoades
GNS Science
1 Fairway Drive, Avalon
P.O. Box 30-368
5010 Lower Hutt
New Zealand
d.rhoades@gns.cri.nz
Paul G. Richards
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
Columbia University
61 Route 9W, P.O. Box 1000
Palisades, NY 10964
USA richards@LDEO.columbia.edu
Paul H. Roberts
Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics
University of California
Los Angeles, CA 90095-1567
USA roberts@math.ucla.edu
Johan O. A. Robertsson
Schlumberger Cambridge Research
High Cross, Madingley Road
Cambridge CB3 0EL
UK jrobertsson@slb.com
Fabio Romanelli
Department of Geosciences
University of Trieste
Via E. Weiss, 4 Pal. P
34127 Trieste
Italy romanel@units.it
Barbara Romanowicz
Berkeley Seismological Laboratory
215 McCone Hall
Berkeley, CA 94720
USA barbara.romanowicz@gmail.com
CONTRIBUTORSxxvii
Philippe Roux
Observatoire de Grenoble
Université Joseph Fourier and CNRS
BP 53
38041 Grenoble
France
Kabir Roy Chowdhury
Department of Earth Sciences
Utrecht University
Budapestlaan 4
3584 Utrecht
The Netherlands
kabir@geo.uu.nl
Ladislaus Rybach
Geowatt AG Zurich
Dohlenweg 28
8050 Zurich
Switzerland
rybach@geowatt.ch
Leonardo Sagnotti
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
Via di Vigna Murata 605
00143 Rome
Italy leonardo.sagnotti@ingv.it
Kalachand Sain
National Geophysical Research Institute
Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)
Uppal Road
Hyderabad 500 606
India kalachandsain@yahoo.com
Bertrand de Saint-Jean
Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Géoazur, GRGS
Avenue Nicolas Copernic
06130 Grasse
France
Mahmoud Mohamed Selim Saleh
Department of Nature and Applied Sciences
Al-Aflaj Community College
AL-Kharj University
710-11912 Al-Aflaj, Riyadh
Saudi Arabia
msalim@ksu.edu.sa selim23@yahoo.comMalcolm Sambridge
Seismology and Mathematical Geophysics
Research School of Earth Sciences
The Australian National University
Canberra, ACT 0200
Australia
Malcolm.Sambridge@anu.edu.au
Francisco J. Sánchez-Sesma
Instituto de Ingeniería
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Escolar s/n
Coyoacán 04510, México DF
Mexico
sesma@servidor.unam.mx
William A. Sandham
Scotsig
40 Westbourne Gardens
Glasgow G12 9PF
UK w.sandham@scotsig.co.uk
John H. Sass