no neutrons; thus H-1 has a mass of 1amu or a mole of H-1 has a mass of 1 gram About 99 98 of all hydrogen atoms are normal hydrogen; (sometimes called
A small percentage of hydrogen atoms have 1 or even 2 neutrons Atoms of the same element with dif- ferent numbers of neutrons are called isotopes ese will be
The part of the atom where the protons and neutrons are is called the nucleus Each hydrogen atom has the same number of protons (1) and the same number
A hydrogen atom that has one proton and one neutron in its nucleus is called Deuterium Deuterium is not radioactive Water made from deuterium is called heavy
Hydrogen (upper left side) with the symbol H, has an atomic number of 1 This means that atoms of hydrogen have one proton, one neutron and one electron
25 jan 2014 · Describe the relationship between numbers of protons and neutrons and atomic number three atoms—two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom
Another isotope of hydrogen, one which has one proton and one neutron in its 1 Obtain a gallon milk jug which contains many atoms (beans) of the bean
atoms is a different isotope of hydrogen, one deuterium and one tritium The difference in these isotopes is simply one neutron
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Hydrogen Models 1
M . P o a r c h - 2 0 01 h tt p : // s c i e n ce - c l a ss . n et
Name______________________
Making Models of Atoms & Isotopes
Problem: To build 3 - dimensional models of hydrogen isotopes. Background Information: An atom is defined as a small particle that makes up most t y p e s o f m a tt e r . A t o m s a r e s o s m a ll i t w ou l d t a k e ab o u t 1 m il l i on o f t he m li ned u p i n a r o w t o e q ua l t he t h i ck ne ss o f a hu m an ha i r . A t o m s a r e m ade up o f e v en s m a ll e r pa r t i c l e s . T h e l a r g e s t o f t he s e pa r t i c l e s a r e protons, neutrons and electrons. The i den t i t y o f a t y pe o f m a tt e r de p end s on t h e n u m b e r o f p r o t on s i n t he nu c l eu s o f a n a t o m o f t h a t t y p e o f m a tt e r . A l l a t o m s o f t he s a m e t y p e o f m a tt e r h a v e t he s a m e n u m b e r o f p r o t on s i n t he nu c l eu s . F o r e x a m p l e , carbon atoms have six protons. N o t a l l a t o m s o f t he s a m e t y p e o f m a tt e r ha v e t h e s a m e nu m be r o f n e u t r o n s . M o s t c a r bon a t o m s h a v e 6 neu t r on s , a l t h o ugh s o m e ha v e m o r e a n d s o m e ha v e l e ss . A t o m s o f t h e s a m e t y pe o f m a tt e r t h a t h a v e d i ff e r en t nu m be r s o f ne u t r on s a r e c a l l ed isotopes. M o s t t y p e s o f m a tt e r ha v e i s o t ope s . T h e a t o m i c m a ss , o r m a ss nu m b e r , c an b e u s ed t o i d en t i f y i s o t ope s . T h e m a ss nu m b e r o f a t y pe o f m a tt e r i s t he n u m be r o f p r o t on s and ne u t r on s i n on e a t o m o f t ha t m a t t e r . I n ou r e x a m p l e o f c a r b on , 6 p r o t on s + 6 n e u t r on s = 1 2 p a r t i c l e s i n t he nu c l eu s ; t h e m a ss nu m be r = 12 . T he n a m e f o r this isotope is Carbon - 12. The symbol for Carbon - 12 is: 12C 6 D i ag r a m s o f c a r b o n i s o t o pe s : Mass number A t o m i c N u m b e r P D F c r ea t ed w i t h pd f F a c t o r y t r i a l v e r s i on www.pdffactory.com
Hydrogen Models 2
M . P o a r c h - 2 0 01 h tt p : // s c i e n ce - c l a ss . n etIsotopes are used in many ways. Many are used in cancer therapy. Some are used to he l p i den t i f y t he a g e o f o b j e c t s and l o c a t e bu r i ed c ab l e s . T h e ga s h y d r o g en ha s t h r e e i s o t ope s . T h e m o s t c o m m o n i s o t ope o f h y d r og e n ha s a nu c l eu s t h a t i s m a de up o f on e p r o t on an d n o neu t r on s . M o r e t han 9 9 % o f h y d r o gen i s t h i s i s o t ope . It i s s o m e t i m e s c a l l ed Protium. A hydrogen atom that has one proton and on e n e u t r o n i n i t s nu c l eu s i s c a l l e d Deuterium. Deuterium is not radioactive. Water m a de f r o m d e u t e r i u m i s c a l l e d h e a vy w a t e r be c au s e t h e e x t r a n e u t r o n m a k e s i t h e a v i e r . It i s u s ed i n n u c l e a r r ea c t o r s . T he t h i r d i s o t ope o f h y d r oge n i s k no w n a s Tritium. It has on e p r o t o n a n d t w o n e u t r o n s i n i t s nu c l eu s . I t i s r ad i oa c t i v e . I t i s f o r m ed i n t he u p pe r a t m o s phe r e b y nu c l e a r r e a c t i on s c au s e d b y c o s m i c r a ys . E a c h i s o t ope o f h y d r og e n h a s o ne e l e c t r o n . M o de l s a r e o ft e n u s ed f o r t h i n g s t h a t a r e t oo s m a l l o r t oo l a r ge t o be ob s e r v ed o r t h a t a r e t oo d i ff i c u l t t o b e u n de r s t o od ea s i l y . I n t he c a s e o f a t o m s , sc i en t i s t s u s e l a r ge m o d e l s t o e x p l a i n s o m e t h i ng t ha t i s t oo s m a ll t o b e l oo k ed a t. M o de l s o f t he a t o m a r e u s e d t o e x p l a i n d a t a o r f a c t s t h a t w e r e g a t he r ed e x pe r i m e n t a l l y .
Materials:
G u m d r op s o f d i ff e r en t c o l o r s T oo t hp i cks
Procedure:
1 . R ea d t h e b a ck g r o u nd i n f o r m a t i on , t he n f il l i n t h e c ha r t be l o w : Isotope # of Protons # of Neutrons # of of Electrons Protium Deuterium Tritium 2.Pick a color of gumdrop to represent protons: _______________ 3 . Pi ck a c o l o r o f gu m d r op t o r ep r e s en t n eu t r o n s : _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ 4 . Pi ck a c o l o r o f gu m d r o p t o r ep r e s e n t e l e c t r on s : _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ 5 . H o w m a n y p r o t o n s w il l y ou ne e d t o m a k e a m od e l o f e a c h o f t he t h r ee i s o t o p e s ? _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ 6 . H o w m a n y n eu t r on s w i ll y ou ne e d? _ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ 7 . H o w m an y e l e c t r on s w il l y ou ne e d? _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ 8 . H a v e y o u r t e a c he r c h e ck an d i n i t i a l y ou r a n s w e r s . 9 . G e t t h e c o rr e c t n u m be r & c o l o r o f g u m d r o p s t o m a k e t he t h r e e i s o t ope m o d e l s . 1 0 . C r e a t e a m od e l o f e a c h i s o t o p e o f h y d r og e n b y a t t a c h i ng t he g u m d r op s t o ea c h o t h e r w i t h t he t oo t h p i c ks . 1 1 . H a v e y ou r t e a c he r c h e ck y o u r m o d e l s and i n i t i a l t h i s pa p e r w he n y o u a r e f i n i s hed .
Models Correct
P D F c r ea t ed w i t h pd f F a c t o r y t r i a l v e r s i on www.pdffactory.com
Hydrogen Models 3
M . P o a r c h - 2 0 01 h tt p : // s c i e n ce - c l a ss . n etData: I l l u s t r a t e e a c h m od e l . S h o w e a c h p r o t o n , ne u t r on , a n d e l e c t r o n . L a b e l t h e pa r t s . C o l o r t he d i ag r a m .
Protium Deuterium Tritium
Applications & Questions:
1 . D e f i ne i s o t ope : 2 . I s an i s o t o p e an a t o m ? E x p l a i n y ou r an s w e r . 3 . T h e sy m bo l f o r on e o f t he i s o t o pe s o f U r an i u m i s 2
35U 92
How many protons does this atom have? H o w m an y n e u t r o n s d oe s t h i s a t o m ha v e? H o w m an y e l e c t r on s doe s t h i s a t o m ha v e? W ha t i s t he m a ss nu m be r o f t h i s a t o m ? W ha t i s t h e a t o m i c nu m be r o f t h i s a t o m ? 4 . W ha t i s t he sy m bo l f o r t h e c a r bon a t o m t h a t ha s 6 p r o t on s an d 8 n e u t r o n s ? P D F c r ea t ed w i t h pd f F a c t o r y t r i a l v e r s i on www.pdffactory.com
5. Create candy models for the two carbon isotopes: Lithium-6, and Lithium-7.
6 . H o w ma n y p r o t o n s d o e s L i t h i u m - 6 h a v e ? __________________ _ __ _ 7 . H o w ma n y n e u t r o n s d o e s L i t h i u m -6 h a v e ? _________________ _ ___ 8 . H o w ma n y p r o t o n s d o e s L i t h i u m - 7 h a v e ? __________________ _ __ _ 9 . H o w ma n y n e u t r o n s d o e s L i t h i u m -7 h a v e ? _________________ _ __ _ P D F c r ea t ed w i t h pd f F a c t o r y t r i a l v e r s i on www.pdffactory.com