International research through networking: an old bEditor, Anaplasmosis/Babesiosis Network, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA Abstract
tem of ancient Rome But no matter how remote and distinct by their nature different networks can seem, they all have something in common
That means to stay up to date and maintain your efficiency, your network devices should be replaced approximately every three years
Computer Networks, Networking History, Networking Lit- erature networking is almost as old as work on the ARPAnet 1The paper was submitted in September
Hardware-Defined Networking (HDN) explores the patterns that are common to modern net- prevent old information from circulating around the network
Standards for Networking Ancient Person-data: Digital approaches to problems in prosopographical space Gabriel Bodard, Hugh Cayless, Mark Depauw,
Keywords: Networking, entrepreneurship, business development, tourism, social capital With the background of the Hotel Groups seven years old networking
What the Chinese can teach us about networking The Chinese have been perfecting guanxi which is the equivalent of our networking and relationship building
![[PDF] 10 Networking Papers: A Blast from the Past](https://pdfprof.com/EN_PDFV2/Docs/PDF_3/14605_3p57_v37n1h_ammar.pdf.jpg "[PDF] 10 Networking Papers: A Blast from the Past")
14605_3p57_v37n1h_ammar.pdf
10NetworkingPapers:ABlastfromthePast
MostafaH.Ammar
CollegeofComputing
GeorgiaInstituteofTechnology
Atlanta,GA,USA
ammar@cc.gatech.edu
CategoriesandSubjectDescriptors
A.2[Reference]:GeneralLiterature;C.2[Networks]:Com- puterCommunications
GeneralTerms
Algorithms,Design,Performance
Keywords
ComputerNetworks,NetworkingHistory,NetworkingLit-
erature
Soitismyturntorecommendareadinglistof10network-
ingpapers.Idecidedtotakethisopportunitytorecommend papersfromthenetworkingarea'spast.Ihaveseveralrea- sonsforfocusing onsuchalist.First,asarelativelyyoung disciplinethathasseentremendousgrowthinrecentactiv- itiesandcontributions,ourpresenttendstooverwhelmour pastinsheervolume.Soourpastcanfadeawayunceremo- niouslysometimes.Tobesureweareallveryfamiliarof certainmilestonepapers.Byde nition,however,signi cant milestonesdonotoccurfrequentlyenoughforthemtopro- videanaccuratesamplingofourpast.Second,readingolder paperscanbequitefascinating.Oneisoftenleftinaweof theamountofinsightandideasgeneratedbyresearchersar- rivingearlyintoanopen eldofresearc h.Alsotheresearch styleandcontexthasastrangelookandfeeltoit,re ecting amarkedevolutionincommunityresearchexpectations.Fi- nally,I ndthatreadingolderpaperscangiveanimportant freshperspectiveonhowwereadandevaluatemoremod- ernliterature;especiallywhentryingtojudgelongevityof contributions.
Mylistconsistsofpapersprimarilyfromtheperiodbe-
tween1975and1984;mostlybecausethisistheperioddur- ingwhichIpersonallyarrivedintothenetworkingscene.I couldnotresistincludingonepaperfrom1962,simplyto makethep ointthatmy\past"hasitsownpast.Papers wereincludedinthelistformanyreasons.Somepapers areonthelistbecausetheydescribewhatIconsidertobe amilestonecontribution,othersareonthelisttomakea pointabouthowsophisticatednetworkingresearchwasat thatpointintime.Stillotherswereincludedbecausethey aregoodrepresentativesofresearchstylesorperiods.Some paperspossessmanyoftheseelementssimultaneously.Inthetraditionofthiscolumn,thisisahighlypersonal listandImadenoattempttobecompleteinanyway .In manyinstances,thefulle ectcanonlybehadbyreading \around"mylist{lookingupreferencesorrelatedmaterial inpriororsubsequentwritings.
Sohereismylistinchronologicalorder:
\RoutingProceduresinCommunicationsNetworks-Part
I:RandomProceduresandPartII:DirectoryProce-
dures"[12,13].Thisbodyofwork1byProsserwritten over45yearsago(!)isquitefascinating.Thepapers askthenowclassicquestionofhowtobestroutemes- sagesinacommunicationnetwork,exceptthatin1962 itwasnotaclassic questionyet.Prosserposesthe questionformilitarycommunicationnetworks.This wasclearlyhismotivation.Whatisinterestingthough iswhatdistinguishedmilitarynetworksfromcivilian networksinhismindwasthatinaciviliannetwork \eachstationhasaccesstocompleteandcorrectin- formationaboutthesystemandroutesmessageson thebasisofthisinformation".Itisinterestingtosee howourviewofsuchnetworkshaschangeddramati- callyovertheyears.Aswithanyworkthatmanages toaskanimportantanddeepquestionearly,thepa- percontainsawealthofideasabouthowtodorouting whic hwecontinuetoinvestigatetoday.Forexample, aquicksearchon\RandomRouting"showsproposals foritsuseinsettingsincludingMobileAd-HocNet- works,OpticalWDMnetworks,andprocessorinter- connectionnetworks. \PacketSwitchinginaMultiaccessBroadcastChannel:
PerformanceEvaluation"[8].Irememberfallingin
lovewiththispaperwhenIreadit.Ihadalwaysheard andreadhandwavingargumentsabouttheinstability ofALOHAbutIcouldnevergetanexactanswerabout whythatwasthecase.Readingthispaperwaslikea revelation.
Whilethemathisratherstraightforward
(atleastbytoday'sstandards),theanalysisproduces tremendousinsight.Inthebesttraditionoftheday, theauthorspublishedafollowuppaperdescribingcon- trolprocedurestodealwithALOHA'sinstability[10]. \TheOrganizationofComputerResourcesintoaPacket
RadioNetwork"[7].Mystudentsareoftensurprised
toknowthatresearchintomobileandwirelessdata networkingisalmostasoldasworkontheARPAnet1ThepaperwassubmittedinSeptember1962andpublished inDecember1962{thosewerethedays! ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review57Volume 37, Number 1, January 2007 itself.Thispaperoverviewsthemotivationandarchi- tectureofPacketRadioNetworks(reallyMANETsby anothername).Iincludeithereasarepresentativeof thisbodyofworkthatpre-datesthecurrentinterest insuchnetworksandasapointertoawealthofearly workinthisarea.Thesophisticationandambitionof thise ortarereadilyillustratedbythestatedgoals enumeratedintheintroduction. \AnOptimalAdaptiveSchemeforMultipleAccessBroad- castCommunication"[9].Thispaper,whichwonthe bestpaperawardattheIEEEICCin1978,describes theUrnmultipleaccessprotocol.Theprotocolman- agestooptimallyadapttothenetworkloadovera rangefromTDMAtoslottedAloha.Ihavealways foundtheideabehindthisprotocolanditsanalogyto pullingballsoutofanurntobequiteinteresting.The paperisanexcellentrepresentativeofthesigni cant energythatwasdevotedtodesigningandunderstand- ingMultipleAccessProtocolsatthetime. \ReversePathForwardingofBroadcastPackets"[5].
Thisisperhapsthemostwell-knownpaperoutofmy
list,certainlytoanyonethathasworkedonmulticast- ing.Thepaper'sintendedpurposeistointroducethe reversepathforwarding(RPF)technique,aningenious compromisebetweenhighlyinecientbuteasytoim- plement oodingandoptimally-ecientbutcumber- somespanningtreerouting.RPFwouldgoontoform thebasisofsubsequentInternetmulticastroutingpro- posals(seee.g.[6]).Iamrecommendingthispaper, however,becauseintheprocessofdescribingbench- marksagainstwhichoneshouldcomparetheRPF technique,itmanagestoprettymuchcovertheentire spectrumofmulticastroutingideasthatwouldthen occupyresearchersforthenext20years. \OntheStatisticalAnalysisofQueueLengthsandWait- ingTimesforStatisticalMultiplexerswithARQRe- transmissionSchemes"[15].Ichosethispaperbecause tomeitisthequintessentialpaperofagenrethatwas verypopularinthelate70sbutisincreasinglyrare nowadays.Thepaperpresentsacarefulmodelanda highlyaccessibleanalysisofARQschemes.There- sultsprovideinterestinginsightsandthetechniqueis artful.Youwillhavetoreadityourselfto ndout whata\slacket"is.Aclosecontenderforthispaper slotwasanotherextremelywell-donepieceofworkan- alyzingtheHDLCprotocol[4]. \InternetworkProtocolApproaches"[11].Iincludethis paperinmylistfortworeasons.First,Iwantedto includeonepaperfromtheclassicApril1980IEEE
TransactionsonCommunicationsspecialissueonCom-
puterNetworkArchitecturesandProtocolseditedby
PaulGreen.The23articlesinthisspecialissuepro-
videanalmostcompletesnapshotofthestateofnet- workingatthetime.Second,itisinterestingtoread thispaperasitpresentsabalancedexpositionoftwo predominantinterconnectionstrategies{completewith hand-drawnpictures,presumablybyJonPostelhim- self.Withincreasedinterestinclean-slateapproaches tonetworkingitisimportanttoberemindedofthe
X.25/X.75interconnectionapproach.Itisalsoquite
interestingfromahistoricalperspectivetoseehowthetwoapproacheswereneverdiscussedinthepaperas competingandthereisneveranyattempttoshowthe
X.25/X.75approachinaninferiorlight.
\VideotexNetworks"[2].Weoftenassociatethesuc- cessoftheservicesprovidedbytheInternetwiththe successoftheInternetitself.Butwhatkindofdigi- talserviceswouldwehavehadwithouttheInternet.
Thisisanimpossiblequestiontoanswerbutthispa-
pergivesusaclue.ItdocumentstheworldofVideo- texNetworkswhichareenvisionedas\utilities[that] willo eravarietyofinformationservicesandtransac- tions,suchasretrievalfrommultipleindependentdata bases,messaging,electronicmail,conferencing,bank- ing,teleshopping,andinterestmatching."Allofthisin
1980!Thepaperdescribessystemarchitectures,trials
ofsystemsandservices,allinthecontextofdatanet- workingtechnologyexistingatthetime.Thevideotex bubblewouldburstalmostadecadelater(butbefore theinventionoftheweb)forbusinessandeconomic reasons.Itwouldleaveitsmarkinsomesystemssuch asFrance'sminitel. \WhyaRing?"[14].Thispaperwaswrittenatatime whenLocalAreaNetworktechnologywasahottopic.
Oneoftheimportantdebateswaswhetherbusnet-
works(usingprotocolslikeEthernet)orringnetworks (usingprotocolslikethetokenringprotocol)would prevail.Thispaperprovidesanexquisitesummary ofthedebateandconcludesthat\bothapproaches haveargumentsintheirfavor."Weclearlyknowwho thewinnerwas{actuallyneither.Thehubbedand switchedEthernetoftodayshareslittlewiththebroad- castbusnetworksof1981.Infactonecanargue thattheideaofusinghubs rstcameupincentral wiringtechniquesproposedtoaddressringreliabil- ityandmaintenanceproblemsasdiscussedinthe rst partofthispaper. \DatagramRoutingforInternetMulticasting"[1].As farasIcantellthispaperpresentsthe rstevercon- creteproposalfordeployingmulticastcommunication inIPnetworks.Theideaisbasedontheuseofmulti- destinationaddressing2:eachpacketcarriedalistof destinationsinitsoptions eldandunicastrouting tableswereusedtoroutethepackettoitsmultiple destinations.Ihavetoyethearasatisfactoryanswer towhythisideawasnotpickedupanddeployed.The standardansweristhattheschemedidnotscaleto beyond8or9receivers.ButtheInternetwasnotthat largein1984andaschemethatwouldallowanor- derofmagnitudesavingsofbandwidthshouldhave beenwelcomeanyway.Themysterycontinues.The multidestinationaddressingideawouldberesurrected some15yearslaterine ortsonSmallGroup(a.k.a. explicit)Multicast[3].
Ihopeyou ndthislistusefulasaguidetoexploringthose
yearsinthenetworkingresearchcommunity'spast.Iwould liketoencourageotherstocontributetheirownliststoCCR exploringthesameorotherperiodsinthenetworkingcom- munity'sshortbuteventfulhistory.
2Youguessedit,alsodescribedinthe1978DalalandMet-
calfepaperlistedabove. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review58Volume 37, Number 1, January 2007
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ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review59Volume 37, Number 1, January 2007