There are three types of program translator: assemblers, compilers and interpreters Assemblers An assembler translates assembly language into machine
A Translator interprets each instruction written in assembly language as a series of zeros and ones which have a meaning for the internal logic of the
Assembler is a translator which is used to translate the assembly language code into machine language code Figure – 4: Assembly translator 4) Linker and
Assembler A program that translates assembly language into machine code Assembly Language A symbolic representation of the machine language of a specific
Assembler is a computer program which is used to translate program written in assembly language into machine language • The translated program is called as
Assembler ? A program that translates assembly language into machine code ? Assembly Language ? A symbolic representation of the machine language
An assembler translates a file of assembly language into an object file, which is linked with other files and libraries into an executable file Object file
An assembler translates the symbolic codes (mnemonics) of programs of an assembly lan- guage into machine language instructions
Assembler:- Assembler translate the assembly language programs into to machine language programs 5 Compiler:- compiler is a language translator program which
ƐƐƚ͘ƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌŽŶĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ͕ĞƉƚŽĨ
ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐLJĞĂƌϮϬϮϬͲϮϭ ƌŽŐƌĂŵƌĂŶƐůĂƚŽƌƐŽŵƉƵƚĞƌƐŽŶůLJƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŵĂĐŚŝŶĞĐŽĚĞ;ďŝŶĂƌLJͿ͕ƚŚŝƐŝƐĂŶŝƐƐƵĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞƌƐƉƌĞĨĞƌƚŽƵƐĞĂǀĂƌŝĞƚLJŽĨŚŝŐŚĂŶĚůŽǁͲůĞǀĞůƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵŝŶŐůĂŶŐƵĂŐ ĞƐŝŶƐƚĞĂĚ͘
ŽŐĞƚĂƌŽƵŶĚƚŚĞŝƐƐƵĞ͕ƚŚĞŚŝŐŚͲůĞǀĞůĂŶĚůŽǁͲůĞǀĞůƉƌŽŐƌĂŵĐŽĚ Ğ;ƐŽƵƌĐĞĐŽĚĞͿŶĞĞĚƐƚŽƉĂƐƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĂƚƌĂŶƐůĂƚŽƌ͘
ŽƵƌĐĞĐŽĚĞŝƐƚŚĞĐŽĚĞƚŚĂƚŝƐŝŶƉƵƚƚŽĂƚƌĂŶƐůĂƚŽƌĂŶĚŽƵƌĐĞĐŽĚĞŝƐƚŚĞĐŽĚĞƚŚĂƚŝƐŝŶƉƵƚƚŽĂƚƌĂŶƐůĂƚŽƌĂŶĚĞdžĞĐƵƚĂďůĞĐŽĚĞŝƐƚŚĞĐŽĚĞƚŚĂƚŝƐŽƵƚƉƵƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐůĂƚŽƌ͘
ƚƌĂŶƐůĂƚŽƌǁŝůůĐŽŶǀĞƌƚƚŚĞƐŽƵƌĐĞĐŽĚĞ ŝŶƚŽŵĂĐŚŝŶĞĐŽĚĞ;ŽďũĞĐƚĐŽĚĞͿ͘
ŚĞƌĞĂƌĞϯƚLJƉĞƐŽĨƐLJƐƚĞŵƐŽĨƚǁĂƌĞƵƐĞĚĨŽƌƚƌĂŶƐůĂƚŝŶŐƚŚĞĐŽĚĞƚŚĂƚĂƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞƌǁƌŝƚĞƐŝŶƚŽĂĨŽƌŵƚŚĂƚƚŚĞĐŽŵƉƵƚĞƌĐĂŶĞdžĞĐƵƚĞ;ŝ͘Ğ͕ŵĂĐŚŝŶĞĐŽĚĞͿ
ƐƐĞŵďůĞƌŝƐĂĐŽŵƉƵƚĞƌƉƌŽŐƌĂŵǁŚŝĐŚŝƐƵƐĞĚƚŽƚƌĂŶƐůĂƚĞƉƌŽŐƌĂŵǁƌŝƚƚĞŶŝŶĂƐƐĞŵďůLJůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞŝŶƚŽŵĂĐŚŝŶĞůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞ͘
ŚĞƚƌĂŶƐůĂƚĞĚƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŝƐĐĂůůĞĚĂƐŽďũĞĐƚƉƌŽŐƌĂŵ͘
ƐƐĞŵďůĞƌĐŚĞĐŬƐĞĂĐŚŝŶƐƚƌƵĐƚŝŽŶĨŽƌŝƚƐĐŽƌƌĞĐƚŶĞƐƐĂŶĚŐĞŶĞƌĂƚĞƐŝĂŐŶŽƐƚŝĐŵĞƐƐĂŐĞƐŝĨƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞŵŝƐƚĂŬĞƐŝŶƚŚĞŐĞŶĞƌĂƚĞƐŝĂŐŶŽƐƚŝĐŵĞƐƐĂŐĞƐŝĨƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞŵŝƐƚĂŬĞƐŝŶƚŚĞƉƌŽŐƌĂŵ͘
ĂƌŝŽƵƐƐƚĞƉƐŽĨĂƐƐĞŵďůŝŶŐĂƌĞ͗
ŶƉƵƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŝŶĂƐƐĞŵďůLJůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĂŶŝŶƉƵƚĚĞǀŝĐĞ
ƐĞĂƐƐĞŵďůĞƌƚŽƉƌŽĚƵĐĞŽďũĞĐƚƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŝŶŵĂĐŚŝŶĞůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞ
džĞĐƵƚĞƚŚĞƉƌŽŐƌĂŵĐŽŵƉŝůĞƌŝƐĂƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƚŚĂƚƚƌĂŶƐůĂƚĞƐĂƉƌŽŐƌĂŵǁƌŝƚƚĞŶŝŶŚŝŐŚůĞǀĞůůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞƐƚŽĞdžĞĐƵƚĂďůĞŵĂĐŚŝŶĞůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞ͘
ŚĞƉƌŽĐĞƐƐŽĨƚƌĂŶƐĨĞƌƌŝŶŐŚŝŐŚůĞǀĞůůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞƐƐŽƵƌĐĞƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŝŶƚŽŽďũĞĐƚĐŽĚĞŝƐĂůĞŶŐƚŚLJĂŶĚĐŽŵƉůĞdžƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĂƐĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽĂƐƐĞŵďůŝŶŐ͘
ŽŵƉŝůĞƌƐŚĂǀĞŝĂŐŶŽƐƚŝĐĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƚŝĞƐĂŶĚƉƌŽŵƉƚƚŚĞƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞƌǁŝƚŚĂƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞĞƌƌŽƌŵĞƐƐĂŐĞǁŚŝůĞĐŽŵƉŝůŝŶŐĂŚŝŐŚůĞǀĞůůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞƐƉƌŽŐƌĂŵ͘
ŚĞĐŽƌƌĞĐƚŝŽŶƐĂƌĞƚŽďĞŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƉƌŽŐƌĂŵǁŚĞŶĞǀĞƌŚĞĐŽƌƌĞĐƚŝŽŶƐĂƌĞƚŽďĞŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƉƌŽŐƌĂŵǁŚĞŶĞǀĞƌŶĞĞĚĞĚ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĞƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŚĂƐƚŽďĞƌĞĐŽŵƉŝůĞĚ͘
ŚĞƉƌŽĐĞƐƐŝƐƌĞƉĞĂƚĞĚƵŶƚŝůƚŚĞƉƌŽŐƌĂŵďĞĐŽŵĞƐŵŝƐƚĂŬĞĨƌĞĞĂŶĚƚƌĂŶƐůĂƚĞĚƚŽĂŶŽďũĞĐƚĐŽĚĞ͘
ŚƵƐƚŚĞũŽďŽĨĂĐŽŵƉŝůĞƌŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƚŚĞĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ
ŽƚƌĂŶƐůĂƚĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƚŽŵĂĐŚŝŶĞĐŽĚĞ͘
ŽƚƌĂĐĞǀĂƌŝĂďůĞƐŝŶƚŚĞƉƌŽŐƌĂŵ͘
ŽŝŶĐůƵĚĞůŝŶŬĂŐĞĨŽƌƐƵďƌŽƵƚŝŶĞƐ͘
ŽĂůůŽĐĂƚĞŵĞŵŽƌLJĨŽƌƐƚŽƌĂŐĞŽĨƉƌŽŐƌĂŵĂŶĚǀĂƌŝĂďůĞƐ͘
ŽŐĞŶĞƌĂƚĞĞƌƌŽƌŵĞƐƐĂŐĞƐ͕ŝĨƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞĞƌƌŽƌƐŝŶƚŚĞƉƌŽŐƌĂŵ
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ƚƌĞĂĚƐ ŽŶůLJŽŶĞƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚŽĨƉƌŽŐƌĂŵ͕ĂŐĂŝŶƚƌĂŶƐůĂƚĞƐŝƚĂŶĚĞdžĞĐƵƚĞƐŝƚ͘
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LJƚŚĞĐŽŵƉŝůĞƌ͕ƚŚĞŵĂĐŚŝŶĞĐŽĚĞƐĂƌĞƐĂǀĞĚƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚůLJĨŽƌĨƵƚƵƌĞƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐĞ͘
ŶƚŚĞŽƚŚĞƌŚĂŶĚƚŚĞŵĂĐŚŝŶĞĐŽĚĞƐƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚďLJŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĞƌĂƌĞŶŽƚƐĂǀĞĚ͘
ŶŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĞƌŝƐĂƐŵĂůůƉƌŽŐƌĂŵĂƐĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽĐŽŵƉŝůĞƌ
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