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In surveying, directions are given by azimuths and bearings • Angels measured in surveying are classified as ? Horizontal angels ? Vertical angles
BEARINGS AzimuTHS Adding SubtractiNG DEGREES, MINUTES SECONDS EXAMPLE: EQUALS THE SAME CONVERT TO Subtract 180° 00'00" 179°59' 60"
Example 1 Point A coordinates N 10,000 00 E 5,000 00 The bearing from Point A to point B N 36°47'16”E The distance from Point A to Point B
USE OF BEARINGS IN SURVEYING Types of bearings • true bearings • magnetic bearings • compass bearings The true bearing to a point is the angle measured
This type of surveying in which the mean surface of the earth is considered as a plane, or in For example, if a line has a bearing of S 47° E,
Below are examples from recorded maps around the state that meet the requirements: (The surveyor also showed this line, labeled it “BASIS OF BEARINGS”,
The bearings obtained in surveyor's compass are the Example Find the back bearing of the line LM whose fore bearing is 320024' Solution
In civil engineering surveying, bearing is very important to get the direction of a whole circle bearing along with the measuring formula and example is
SURVEYING-I Example 5 6: The magnetic bearing of a line AB is S 28° 30? E Calculate the true bearing if the declination is 7° 30' West
In the quadrantal bearing system, the fore and back bearings are numerically equal but with opposite letters For example, if the fore bearing