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29076_329_04_Seymour.pdf JOHNS HOPKINS APL TECHNICAL DIGEST, VOLUME 29, NUMBER 4 ?2011?
377
Academic Perspectives of Systems Engineering
INTRODUCTION
ystems engineering at APL addresses the disciplined design, integration,
testing, and decision support necessary to develop complex systems that contribute to meeting critical national challenges. Systems engineer-
ing is so essential to meeting the needs of the public and private sectors that academic education in systems engineering will continue to increase in demand. -
doctoral levels, emphasis on research and quantitative methods, and competition from regional and national universities for students and research funding. As
we look to the future, The Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering and APL are taking measures to meet the challenges associated with these continuing trends, to identify needs in systems engineering education as they emerge, and to determine how to best address those needs. It is an exciting time to be a systems engineer. JOHNS HOPKINS APL TECHNICAL DIGEST, VOLUME 29, NUMBER 4 ?2011? 378
S. J.
SEYMOUR
R. R. LUMAN
PERSPECTIVES OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING
Table 1.
Comparison of systems perspectives. JOHNS HOPKINS APL TECHNICAL DIGEST, VOLUME 29, NUMBER 4 ?2011?
379
ACADEMIC PERSPECTIVES OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING
Systems Scope
Systems Domains
Figure 1.
The scope of systems in terms of scale and complexity.
Figure 2.
Systems engineering domains. JOHNS HOPKINS APL TECHNICAL DIGEST, VOLUME 29, NUMBER 4 ?2011? 380
S. J.
SEYMOUR
R. R. LUMAN Relationship of Systems Engineering to Other Fields
Evolution of Systems Engineering Models
Figure 3. The interfaces of systems engineering to other ?elds. JOHNS HOPKINS APL TECHNICAL DIGEST, VOLUME 29, NUMBER 4 ?2011?
381
ACADEMIC PERSPECTIVES OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING
Life cycleprocesses
System validation plan
System verification plan(system acceptance)
Subsystem
verification plan(subsystemacceptance)
Unit/device
test plan
Implementation
Development processes
Document/approval
Timeline
Feasibilitystudy/conceptexplorationRegionalarchitec-ture(s)Operations andmaintenanceChangesandupgradesRetirement/replacement
Concept ofoperations
Detailed
designUnit/devicetestingHigh-level designSystem validation
Subsystem
verificationSystem requirements
Decomposition
and definitionIntegration andrecomposition Systemverification and deployment
Software/hardwaredevelopmentfield installation
Requirements
analysis (problem definition)
Functional
definition
Physical
definition
Design
validation
Objectives
Requirements
Functions
System
model
Validated system model
(synthesis, physical analysis, and allocation)
Concept
developmentEngineering developmentPost development
Mission and Requirements
Analysis
Functional
analysis
Concept formulation
Requirements
allocation
Design optimization
Design synthesis
E ffectiveness analysis
System integration
System
testing and evaluation
Logistics support
analysis
Producibility
analysis
Specification generation
12 3 4 5
Figure 4.
Examples of systems engineering approaches.
THE JHU MASTER OF SCIENCE IN SYSTEMS
ENGINEERING PROGRAM
JOHNS HOPKINS APL TECHNICAL DIGEST, VOLUME 29, NUMBER 4 ?2011? 382
S. J.
SEYMOUR
R. R. LUMAN
Customerrequirements
Brainstorming
War roomsUsers-operators
market pullOrganizational structures Project managerattributes/authorityPricing/estimating
Market assessment
Technical performance
BudgetCDR
Configuration
managementWin!
Contracting
Needs AnalysisConcept Exploration
Production/Manufacturing
Testing and Evaluation and Operational SupportDesign/Technology Validation/Engineering Development
Concept/Program Definition
PDRPlanning
Draw a cartoon
Direction, monitor,
controlSpecifications
Design
Logistics
Warehousing
SalesDelivery
Install/acceptance
ScheduleWork
breakdownstructureRiskassessmentplanFunctional/systemblock diagram
System integrationand verification
System testing
and evaluation
Field testingand evaluation
Productionquantities
System
fabricationQuality managementRFP/BAA
Discussion
Collaboration
Systems
engineeringDevelop prototype Task work orders Work authorizations
Evaluate prototype"beta tests"
Linear responsibility charts Critical path analysis
Operation andmaintenance
Project closeout Follow-on?Form project office Start work
Preliminary system/
product conceptdefinition Concept New product idea Technology push
Budget and schedules
PERT and Gantt charts Proposal Statement of work Product definition statement Communications and financial management all the time
System Use
Figure 5.
Life-cycle systems engineering view. CDR, critical design review; PDR, preliminary design review; RFP/BAA, request for pro-
posal/broad agency announcement. JOHNS HOPKINS APL TECHNICAL DIGEST, VOLUME 29, NUMBER 4 ?2011?
383
ACADEMIC PERSPECTIVES OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING
JHU SYSTEMS INSTITUTE AND PH.D. PROGRAM
ACADEMIC RESEARCH
JOHNS HOPKINS APL TECHNICAL DIGEST, VOLUME 29, NUMBER 4 ?2011? 384
S. J.
SEYMOUR
R. R. LUMAN
THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL ON SYSTEMS
ENGINEERING
APL SYSTEMS ENGINEERING EDUCATION
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, AND
MATHEMATICS ?STEM? EDUCATION
SYSTEMS ENGINEERING ACADEMIC
CHALLENGES
Reference Curriculum
JOHNS HOPKINS APL TECHNICAL DIGEST, VOLUME 29, NUMBER 4 ?2011?
385
ACADEMIC PERSPECTIVES OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING
Quality of Content
Academic Rigor
Table 2.
Examples of STEM-related programs at APL. JOHNS HOPKINS APL TECHNICAL DIGEST, VOLUME 29, NUMBER 4 ?2011? 386
S. J.
SEYMOUR
R. R. LUMAN
Distance and Online O?erings
CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
The Authors