Entry requirements for UK dental schools - Dental Schools Council

35609_7DSC_Entry_Requirements_2023_1.pdf

Entry requirements for UK dental schools

2023 entry

ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚŶƚƌLJĞŶƟƐƚƌLJ University of Birmingham 10 University of Bristol 11 ĂƌĚŝīŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJϭϮ University College Cork 13 University of Dublin 14 University of Dundee 15 University of Glasgow 16 King's College London 17 University of Leeds 18 University of Liverpool 19 ŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJŽĨĂŶĐŚĞƐƚĞƌϮϬ ĞǁĐĂƐƚůĞŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJϮϭ ŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJŽĨůLJŵŽƵƚŚϮϮ

ƵĞĞŶĂƌLJ͕ŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJŽĨŽŶĚŽŶϮϯ

ƵĞĞŶΖƐŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĞůĨĂƐƚϮϰ

Contents

ůŝĐŬŽŶĂƟƚůĞƚŽŐŽƚŽƚŚĞƉĂŐĞ

Welcome

4

Course types

5

Admissions tests

6

ďŽƵƚĐĐĞƐƐƚŽŝŐŚĞƌĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĐŽƵƌƐĞƐ

7

Understanding the course tables

8 ŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJŽĨŚĞĸĞůĚϮϱ ƌĂĚƵĂƚĞŶƚƌLJĞŶƟƐƚƌLJ ŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJŽĨďĞƌĚĞĞŶϮϳ

ŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJŽĨĞŶƚƌĂůĂŶĐĂƐŚŝƌĞϮϴ

ŝŶŐΖƐŽůůĞŐĞŽŶĚŽŶ;ϰLJĞĂƌƐͿϮϵ

King's College London (3 years) 30 University of Leeds 31
ĞŶƟƐƚƌLJǁŝƚŚĂƌĞůŝŵŝŶĂƌLJ Year University of Manchester 33 University of Leeds 34
ĞŶƟƐƚƌLJǁŝƚŚĂĂƚĞǁĂLJĞĂƌ University of Bristol 36 King's College London 37 University of Leeds 38
University of Liverpool 39 4

ŶƚƌLJƌĞƋƵŝƌĞŵĞŶƚƐĨŽƌĚĞŶƚĂůƐĐŚŽŽůƐ͗ϮϬϮϯĞŶƚƌLJ

www.dentalschoolscouncil.ac.uk

Welcome

ŚŝƐŐƵŝĚĞĐŽŶƚĂŝŶƐŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶŽŶĞŶƚƌLJƌĞƋƵŝƌĞŵĞŶƚƐ

ĨŽƌĂůůŽĨƚŚĞ͛ƐďĂĐŚĞůŽƌ͛ƐĚĞŐƌĞĞƐŝŶĚĞŶƟƐƚƌLJ͘ƚǁĂƐ

created by the Dental Schools Council and is updated

LJĞĂƌůLJĨƌŽŵŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶƉĂƐƐĞĚĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJĨƌŽŵĚĞŶƚĂů

schools.

The purpose of the guide is to act as a point of

reference and easy comparison for entry requirements.

ƚĐĂŶŶŽƚĐŽŶƚĂŝŶƚŚĞĨƵůůĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨĞĂĐŚĚĞŶƚĂůƐĐŚŽŽů͛Ɛ

ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞŵĞŶƚƐ͕ƐŽƐĞĞŬŝŶŐĐŽŶĮƌŵĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂů

ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶŽŶŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůĚĞŶƚĂůƐĐŚŽŽůǁĞďƐŝƚĞƐŝƐ

ĞƐƐĞŶƟĂů͘

ŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĂŶĚǁŝĚĞŶŝŶŐƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶ

This guide will be useful to all who are considering an

ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƚŽƐƚƵĚLJĚĞŶƟƐƚƌLJ͘ƚǁĂƐ͕ŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ

ǁŝƚŚƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌĨŽĐƵƐŽŶǁŝĚĞŶŝŶŐƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶ͘ŚŝƐ

ƚĞƌŵƌĞĨĞƌƐƚŽŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐǁŚŝĐŚƉƌŽǀŝĚĞŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐĨŽƌ

ƚŚŽƐĞǁŚŽǁŽƵůĚŵĂŬĞĞdžĐĞůůĞŶƚĚĞŶƟƐƚƐďƵƚǁŚŽĨĂĐĞ

ďĂƌƌŝĞƌƐĚƵĞƚŽƚŚĞŝƌĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂůĂŶĚͬŽƌƐŽĐŝŽĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐ

circumstances. The Dental Schools Council believes that an applicant's chance of entering a dental degree programme should be dictated by factors such as academic ability,

ŵŽƟǀĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĐŽŶƐĐŝĞŶƟŽƵƐŶĞƐƐ͘ĂĐƚŽƌƐůŝŬĞǁĞĂůƚŚŽƌ

cultural background should not present any barrier to

ƐƚƵĚLJŝŶŐĚĞŶƟƐƚƌLJ͘ĞŵŽǀŝŶŐďĂƌƌŝĞƌƐǁŝůůŚĞůƉƚŽďƵŝůĚ

a dental profession that is diverse, highly capable and

ǁŚŝĐŚƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚƐƚŚĞĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐŝƚƐĞƌǀĞƐ͘

ĂƌƚŽĨƚŚŝƐŝƐƚŽƉƌĞƐĞŶƚŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶŽŶĞŶƚƌLJ

ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶƚŚĞĐůĞĂƌĞƐƚǁĂLJ͘ŚŝƐŝƐŽĨƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌ

ďĞŶĞĮƚƚŽƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐǁŚŽůĂĐŬŐŽŽĚĐĂƌĞĞƌƐŐƵŝĚĂŶĐĞ͘

ƚǁŝůůĂůƐŽŚĞůƉĐĂƌĞĞƌƐĂĚǀŝƐĞƌƐĞŶƐƵƌĞƚŚĂƚƚŚĞŝƌ

knowledge is correct and up to date. 05

ŶƚƌLJƌĞƋƵŝƌĞŵĞŶƚƐĨŽƌĚĞŶƚĂůƐĐŚŽŽůƐ͗ϮϬϮϯĞŶƚƌLJ

www.dentalschoolscouncil.ac.uk

Course types

ŚĞĂĐŚĞůŽƌŽĨĞŶƚĂůƵƌŐĞƌLJ;ŽƌŚͬ

ŚͿĚĞŐƌĞĞŝƐĂĮǀĞLJĞĂƌƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞŝŶƚŚĞĨŽƌ

undergraduate entry. This course can be abbreviated

ĂƐŽƌŚͬŚďƵƚďŽƚŚƌĞƐƵůƚŝŶƚŚĞƐĂŵĞ

ĚĞŶƟƐƚƌLJĚĞŐƌĞĞ͘ĞŶƟƐƚƌLJĚĞŐƌĞĞƐŚĂǀĞĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ

ŶĂŵĞƐ͕ďƵƚƚŚĞLJĮƚŝŶƚŽĨŽƵƌƚLJƉĞƐ͘

ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚŶƚƌLJĞŶƟƐƚƌLJ

ŚĞƚĂŶĚĂƌĚŶƚƌLJĞŶƟƐƚƌLJĐŽƵƌƐĞŝƐĂĮǀĞLJĞĂƌ

ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞǁŚŝĐŚƌĞƐƵůƚƐŝŶĂĚĞŶƟƐƚƌLJĚĞŐƌĞĞ͘

ƌĂĚƵĂƚĞŶƚƌLJĞŶƟƐƚƌLJ

ŚĞƌĂĚƵĂƚĞŶƚƌLJĞŶƟƐƚƌLJĐŽƵƌƐĞŝƐĚĞƐŝŐŶĞĚƚŽ

enable graduates with honours degrees in science subjects, and healthcare professionals with a degree, to study for a BDS. These degrees are usually four years in

ĚƵƌĂƟŽŶ͕ďƵƚƐŽŵĞŵĂLJďĞƐŚŽƌƚĞƌŽƌůŽŶŐĞƌƚŚĂŶƚŚŝƐ͘

ĞŶƟƐƚƌLJǁŝƚŚĂƌĞůŝŵŝŶĂƌLJĞĂƌ

ŚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞƚĂŬĞƐƚŚĞĨŽƌŵŽĨĂĮǀĞͲLJĞĂƌƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚ

ĚĞŐƌĞĞǁŝƚŚĂŶĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůLJĞĂƌĂƚƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƚ͕ŵĂŬŝŶŐŝƚĂ

ƐŝdžLJĞĂƌĐŽƵƌƐĞ͘ƚŝƐĚĞƐŝŐŶĞĚĨŽƌƚŚŽƐĞǁŚŽĂĐŚŝĞǀĞĚ

highly at A level, or equivalent, but who did not take the required science subjects. The extra year gives students

ƚŚĞŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌLJƐĐŝĞŶĐĞƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐƚŽĐĂƚĐŚƵƉ͘ƚŝƐŶŽƚĂ

ŵĞĂŶƐŽĨƐƟŶŐƚŚĞŐƌĂĚĞƐŽĨƚŚŽƐĞǁŚŽĚŽŶŽƚŵĞĞƚ

ƚŚĞĞŶƚƌLJƌĞƋƵŝƌĞŵĞŶƚƐĨŽƌƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĞŶƚƌLJĚĞŶƟƐƚƌLJ͘

ĞŶƟƐƚƌLJǁŝƚŚĂĂƚĞǁĂLJĞĂƌ These dental degrees are designed for students who are of high ability but who may have had barriers to their

ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐĚƵĞƚŽƚŚĞŝƌƐŽĐŝŽĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐĂŶĚͬŽƌĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂů

circumstances. These courses are open to UK students

ŽŶůLJǁŚŽŵĞĞƚĂƐƉĞĐŝĮĐƐĞƚŽĨĞůŝŐŝďŝůŝƚLJĐƌŝƚĞƌŝĂ͘ŌĞŶ

ƚŚĞƐĞĂƌĞƐŝdžͲLJĞĂƌĐŽƵƌƐĞƐ͕ǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĮƌƐƚLJĞĂƌďĞŝŶŐ

ĂĨŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶLJĞĂƌ͘ŽŵĞƐĐŚŽŽůƐŽīĞƌĂƐƚĂŶĚĂůŽŶĞ

ĨŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶLJĞĂƌ͕ǁŚŝĐŚƵƉŽŶƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůĐŽŵƉůĞƟŽŶ

ĂůůŽǁƐƉƌŽŐƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽŶƚŽĂƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĚĞŶƟƐƚƌLJĐŽƵƌƐĞ͘

ŽƚĞї

These courses have been

ĚĞƐŝŐŶĞĚƐƉĞĐŝĮĐĂůůLJĨŽƌ ǁŝĚĞŶŝŶŐƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶ͕ but many of the Standard ŶƚƌLJĞŶƟƐƚƌLJĐŽƵƌƐĞƐ use contextual admissions too. See the 'widening ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶΖďŽdžŝŶĞĂĐŚ entry. 06

ŶƚƌLJƌĞƋƵŝƌĞŵĞŶƚƐĨŽƌĚĞŶƚĂůƐĐŚŽŽůƐ͗ϮϬϮϯĞŶƚƌLJ

www.dentalschoolscouncil.ac.uk

Admissions tests

Nearly all dental degrees use an admissions test as part of their entry requirements. There are two admissions

ƚĞƐƚƐ͘ƉƉůŝĐĂŶƚƐŵĂLJƐŝƚĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚĐŽŵďŝŶĂƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞƐĞ

tests according to the dental schools they intend to ŝŶĐůƵĚĞŝŶƚŚĞŝƌĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶ͘ UCAT The majority of dental schools use the University Clinical

ƉƟƚƵĚĞĞƐƚŽƌ;ĨŽƌŵĞƌůLJͿ͘ŚĞŝƐĂ

ĐŽŵƉƵƚĞƌͲďĂƐĞĚƚĞƐƚ͘ŽƵĐĂŶĮŶĚĂĨƵůůůŝƐƚŽĨĚĞŶƚĂů

schools which use the UCAT on the UCAT website. Applicants can book to sit the UCAT at a local Pearson

Vue Test Centre.

BMAT Leeds Dental School uses the Biomedical Admissions Test or BMAT. There are usually two BMAT test dates

ƉĞƌLJĞĂƌ͘ŚĞĮƌƐƚŝƐŝŶĞĂƌůLJĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌĂŶĚĂƉƉůŝĐĂŶƚƐ

must register for this by early August. The second is in

ůĂƚĞĐƚŽďĞƌŽƌĞĂƌůLJŽǀĞŵďĞƌĂŶĚƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐƐŚŽƵůĚ

aim to register for this by the end of September, but

ůĂƚĞƌĞŐŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĂƌĞƉŽƐƐŝďůĞƵŶƟůƚŚĞĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶ

deadline. 07

ŶƚƌLJƌĞƋƵŝƌĞŵĞŶƚƐĨŽƌĚĞŶƚĂůƐĐŚŽŽůƐ͗ϮϬϮϯĞŶƚƌLJ

www.dentalschoolscouncil.ac.uk

About Access to Higher

ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĐŽƵƌƐĞƐ

ŶĚĞŶƟƐƚƌLJ͕ĐĐĞƐƐĐŽƵƌƐĞƐĂƌĞƌƵŶďLJĨƵƌƚŚĞƌĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ

ĐŽůůĞŐĞƐĂŶĚŶŽƚďLJƵŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƟĞƐ͘ŚŝƐŵĞĂŶƐƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞ

ŵĂŶLJĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚĐĐĞƐƐĐŽƵƌƐĞƐŽŶŽīĞƌ͘ŌĞŶƚŚĞLJ

are designed for mature learners who may not have A

ůĞǀĞůƐŽƌĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚ͘ƐŝƐƚŚĞĐĂƐĞĨŽƌĞŶƟƐƚƌLJǁŝƚŚĂ

ƌĞůŝŵŝŶĂƌLJĞĂƌ͕ĐĐĞƐƐĐŽƵƌƐĞƐĂƌĞŶŽƚĂƐƵďƐƟƚƵƚĞĨŽƌ

poor performance at A level.

ĨLJŽƵĂƌĞƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐĂďŽƵƚĂƉƉůLJŝŶŐĨŽƌĂƐƉĞĐŝĮĐĐĐĞƐƐ

ĐŽƵƌƐĞ͕ŝƚǁŝůůďĞƵƐĞĨƵůƚŽĮƌƐƚĐŚĞĐŬƐŽŵĞƚŚŝŶŐƐǁŝƚŚ

ĚĞŶƚĂůƐĐŚŽŽůƐĂŶĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŝŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶŽīĞƌŝŶŐƚŚĞ

Access course so you can feel comfortable with your decision. ƵĞƐƟŽŶƐĨŽƌĚĞŶƚĂůƐĐŚŽŽůƐ •

ŽLJŽƵĂĐĐĞƉƚƚŚĞƋƵĂůŝĮĐĂƟŽŶŽīĞƌĞĚďLJƚŚŝƐĐĐĞƐƐ

course as part of your entry requirements? •

ĨƐŽ͕ŚĂǀĞLJŽƵƉƌĞǀŝŽƵƐůLJĂĚŵŝƩĞĚƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐǁŚŽ

have been on this course? ƵĞƐƟŽŶƐĨŽƌƚŚĞĐĐĞƐƐĐŽƵƌƐĞ provider • Have students who have taken the Access course ŐŽŶĞŽŶƚŽƐƚƵĚLJĚĞŶƟƐƚƌLJ͍ •

ĨƐŽ͕ŚŽǁŵĂŶLJ͕ĂŶĚǁŚŝĐŚĚĞŶƚĂůƐĐŚŽŽůƐĚŝĚƚŚĞLJ

go to? 08

ŶƚƌLJƌĞƋƵŝƌĞŵĞŶƚƐĨŽƌĚĞŶƚĂůƐĐŚŽŽůƐ͗ϮϬϮϯĞŶƚƌLJ

www.dentalschoolscouncil.ac.uk

ƐĞŝŶƐĞůĞĐƟŽŶ

ƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶ

ůĞǀĞůƐͬĐŽƫƐŚŝŐŚĞƌƐ ƐͬĐŽƫƐŚĂƟŽŶĂůƐ ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĂĐĐĂůĂƵƌĞĂƚĞ

Personal statement

Admissions test

ŶƚĞƌǀŝĞǁ

ŶƚĞƌǀŝĞǁŵĞƚŚŽĚ

Work experience

ŝĚĞŶŝŶŐƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶ 1 4 5 2 3 6 1.

ŚĞƐĞĂƌĞƚŚĞŵŝŶŝŵƵŵĞŶƚƌLJƌĞƋƵŝƌĞŵĞŶƚƐǁŚŝĐŚŵƵƐƚďĞŵĞƚĨŽƌƚŚĞĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƚŽƉƌŽĐĞĞĚ͘ƚŝƐĂƚƚŚĞĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ

ƐƚĂŐĞƐ͕ƐƵĐŚĂƐŝŶƚĞƌǀŝĞǁ͕ǁŚĞƌĞĚĞŶƚĂůƐĐŚŽŽůƐƌĞĂůůLJƐƚĂƌƚƚŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƟĂƚĞƚŚĞĂƉƉůŝĐĂŶƚƐ͘

Ϯ͘

This will tell you how the personal statement is used. Most dental schools do not score the personal statement (but

ŵĂLJƐƟůůƌĞĂĚŝƚĨŽƌďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶͿ͘ŽŵĞĚŽƐĐŽƌĞƚŚĞƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚ͘

3. This states the admissions test used by the dental school. 4.

ŶƚĞƌǀŝĞǁƐĐĂŶƚĂŬĞĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚĨŽƌŵƐ͕ƐƵĐŚĂƐĂƉĂŶĞůŝŶƚĞƌǀŝĞǁ͕ŽƌĂƐĞƌŝĞƐŽĨƐŚŽƌƚŝŶƚĞƌǀŝĞǁƐĐĂůůĞĚĂ͚ŵƵůƟƉůĞŵŝŶŝͲ

ŝŶƚĞƌǀŝĞǁ͛͘ŝīĞƌĞŶƚƐƚLJůĞƐĐĂŶĨŽĐƵƐŽŶĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚĂƩƌŝďƵƚĞƐŝŶƚŚĞĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĞ͘

5.

ĞŶƚĂůƐĐŚŽŽůƐŵĂLJƐƉĞĐŝĨLJǁŚĂƚŬŝŶĚŽĨĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞƚŚĞLJĂƌĞůŽŽŬŝŶŐĨŽƌ͘ĞŵĞŵďĞƌ͗ƚŚŝƐŝƐŶŽƚĂĐŚĞĐŬůŝƐƚ͘ŚĞŬĞLJŝƐ

the way in which an applicant discusses their experiences in the interview, not the places where they have gained the

ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞĨƌŽŵ͘ŽƌŝŶƐƚĂŶĐĞ͕ŝĨĂƐŬĞĚƚŽƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĂŶĞdžĂŵƉůĞŽĨǁŽƌŬŝŶŐǁŝƚŚŽƚŚĞƌƉĞŽƉůĞ͕ŚĂǀŝŶŐŚĂĚĂƉĂƌƚͲƟŵĞũŽď

ĐĂŶďĞũƵƐƚĂƐǀĂůƵĂďůĞĨŽƌĂŶƐǁĞƌŝŶŐƚŚŝƐĂƐŚĂǀŝŶŐƐŚĂĚŽǁĞĚĂĚĞŶƟƐƚ͘

6.

ŚŝƐďŽdžĐŽŶƚĂŝŶƐĂŶLJŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶǁŚŝĐŚƌĞůĂƚĞƐƚŽǁŝĚĞŶŝŶŐƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶ͘ŚŝƐĐĂŶƚĂŬĞŵĂŶLJĨŽƌŵƐ͕ĨƌŽŵƐƚĂƟŶŐ

ƐƉĞĐŝĮĐǁŝĚĞŶŝŶŐĂĐĐĞƐƐŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞĚĞŶƚĂůƐĐŚŽŽůŝƐŝŶǀŽůǀĞĚǁŝƚŚ͕ƚŽĚĞƐĐƌŝďŝŶŐƚŚĞĚĞŶƚĂůƐĐŚŽŽůΖƐƵƐĞŽĨ

contextual admissions, if applicable.

Understanding the course tables

09

ŶƚƌLJƌĞƋƵŝƌĞŵĞŶƚƐĨŽƌŵĞĚŝĐĂůƐĐŚŽŽůƐ͗ϮϬϮϯĞŶƚƌLJ

www.medschools.ac.uk 09

ŶƚƌLJƌĞƋƵŝƌĞŵĞŶƚƐĨŽƌĚĞŶƚĂůƐĐŚŽŽůƐ͗ϮϬϮϯĞŶƚƌLJ

www.dentalschoolscouncil.ac.uk

Standard Entry

ĞŶƟƐƚƌLJ

ŚĞƚĂŶĚĂƌĚŶƚƌLJĞŶƟƐƚƌLJĐŽƵƌƐĞŝƐĂĮǀĞLJĞĂƌ

ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞǁŚŝĐŚƌĞƐƵůƚƐŝŶĂĚĞŶƟƐƚƌLJĚĞŐƌĞĞ͘

10

ŶƚƌLJƌĞƋƵŝƌĞŵĞŶƚƐĨŽƌĚĞŶƚĂůƐĐŚŽŽůƐ͗ϮϬϮϯĞŶƚƌLJ

www.dentalschoolscouncil.ac.uk

ŽĐŽŶĮƌŵƚŚŝƐŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ͕ƐĞĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽŶƚŚĞĐŽƵƌƐĞ͛ƐĞŶƚƌLJƌĞƋƵŝƌĞŵĞŶƚƐ͕ĂŶĚůĞĂƌŶŵŽƌĞĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞĐŽƵƌƐĞŝƚƐĞůĨ͕

see its webpage: ŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJŽĨŝƌŵŝŶŐŚĂŵĐŚŽŽůŽĨĞŶƟƐƚƌLJ͘

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