Programme Project Report for B Sc PHYSICS

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35996_7bsc_physics_cs.pdf 1 MADURAI KAMARAJ UNIVERSITY
University with Potential for Excellence
Re Accredited by NAAC with ͞Aнн" Grade in the 4rd Cycle
DIRECTORATE OF DISTANCE EDUCATION
www.mkudde.org
Programme Project Report for B. Sc PHYSICS

The Department of Physics

Directorate of Distance Education
Madurai Kamaraj University
Mission
¾ To provide quality education and skills with updated curriculum, faculty development and the state of the art infrastructure facilities ¾ To create a learning environment for enhancing their innovation ideas, problem solving skills, leadership quality and team spirit. ¾ To prepare students to learn beyond the syllabi and texts. ¾ To train students through periodical implant training and industrial visits. ¾ To motivate students to pursue higher education through competitive examinations. ¾ To educate not to reach to reach higher education/Science
Objectives
¾ B.sc physics degree graduates can have the knowledge of fundamental science and various aspects of matter, motion, energy, time and so on. ¾ The graduate can have the scope with regard to higher education in various areas like Applied physics, material science, Astrophysics, Nanophysics, Renewable energy ¾ The graduates can exhibit professionalism, ethical attitude, communication, social responsibilities and adapt the current trends in physics with error free. Create a hypothesis and appreciate how it relates to broader theories. 2 Evaluate hypotheses, theories, methods and evidence within their proper contexts. Solve complex problems by critical understanding, analysis and synthesis. Demonstrate engagement with current research and developments in the subject. Critically interpret data, write reports and apply the basics of rules of evidence. Select, interpret and critically evaluate information from a range of sources that include books, scientific reports, journals, case studies and the internet. Develop proficiency in the analysis of complex physical problems and the use of mathematical or other appropriate techniques to solve them. Demonstrate skills in the use of computers for control, data acquisition, and data analysis in experimental investigations Provide a systematic understanding of core physical concepts, principles and theories along with their applications. Function on multidisciplinary teams by working cooperatively, creatively and responsibly as a member of a team. Communicate effectively by oral, written, computing and graphical means. Recognize the need to engage in lifelong learning through continuing education and research.
Appropriateness of the programme:
¾ d biology, But physicist can do all ¾ The graduates can apply for all government jobs that insist graduation as the basic qualification. ¾ They can seek career opportunities in research organizations and other related areas. ¾ They can be recruited in space research centres and in research laboratories
Instructional design:
The curriculum of the programme is designed by the efficient in Physics professionals and experts are approved by the Board of studies of the Madurai Kamaraj University, to enlighten the candidates in all aspects of the Electronics and commendation concepts to reach school students.
Procedure for admissions:

Eligibility for admission
¾ Higher Secondary School Examination (Plus 2 or XII Std.) conducted by the Govt. of Tamil Nadu with Science as one of the subjects. 3 ¾ Two year Foundation Course Examination conducted by Madurai Kamaraj University and Annamalai University with eligibility to join the degree courses. ¾ Pre/University Examination of Madurai Kamaraj University or an Examination equivalent thereto conducted by any other statutory recognized
University / Board.
¾ Intermediate Examination of any recognized University in India or of the common wealth. ¾ The IAF Educational Test for promotion to the Rank of Corporal conducted by the Directorate of Education, Air Head Quarters, New Delhi. ¾ The Higher Secondary Certificate Examinations conducted by any of the State Statutory Boards of Higher Education in India provided the holder is declared eligible to join the Degree Course in the University concerned and provided the holder also satisfies the age rule. ¾ Indian School Certificate Examination conducted by the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examination, New Delhi. A pass in one or more sittings, (i.e., in compartment) provided the candidates has been declared to have qualified with a minimum of FIVE subjects of which English should be one and satisfies the age rule prescribed by the University. ¾ The 12 year School Diploma of High School / Graduation conducted by the
Kodaikanal School, Kodaikanal.
A pass in the followed examinations conducted by the State Board of Technical Education and Training of Govt. of Tamil Nadu, Chennai. a) The two year Diploma Course in Commercial Practice or Diploma in Modern
Office Practice.
b) Pre-Technical Examination. c) I and II year Sandwich Diploma Examination in Mechanical Engineering. d) Three year Diploma (after X Std.) Civil, Mechanical, Electrical,
Electronics,
Textile, Fisheries, Commerce, Architecture, Assistantship, Catering
Technology etc.
-Technical
Examination is NOT eligible.
A candidate who has passed the First Year Examination of the 3 year Diploma Courses (i.e., D.C.E. etc.,) prior to 1963 is NOT eligible.
Cost estimate for the programme:
Honorarium to lesson writers (9000/- per book) : 3,00, 000/- (25 persons) Printing of study materials (for all 3 years) : 5,00, 000/- (25 books) Honorarium to resource persons (Rs. 200/-- per hour) : (22+7 persons x 6 hours/day)
I. Program Target Groups
Those who are have completed +2 (Mathematics, Physics and chemistry), completed diploma in poly technique and not to pursue further by the family 4 situation. Those who are working in the preschool teachers are to improve their knowledge in science because they are the only ignition to the future of India. To provide Higher Education to diverse section of society as an instruments of democratizing Education To provide Education to such section of society, which are unable to get education through face to face education? To educate the society, which are deprived educations due to crossing of their age limit To increase the Gross Enrollment Ratio of State and in turn to Nation To provide the opportunity to employed person to increase their education
Qualification
To provide education of person (Male & Female) working in their business,
Housewife or Agriculture
To provide alternative Cost effective non formal Channel for tertiary Education
To encourage the people for Online Transaction

II. Program Requirements
1. Candidate who have passed +2 in Maths, Science (Physics-Chemistry) as main subjects and recognized by State or Central Board.
2. Marks required a student must have passed in his/her +2 level;

III. Degree Overview
Physics is a natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion through space time, along with related concepts such as energy and force. More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted to understand how the universe behaves. The duration of B.Scin Physics is mostly of three academic years The basic laws of physics are applied in advancements in many areas including modern medical and space-related technologies, climate research as well as energy generation and storage. As the study of physics continues to evolve through new discoveries, we need inquisitive minds to explore the connections between traditional and emerging research areas, including medical and nano-scale physics, and biophysics. Day to day lesson plan of each Course on the day registrationDistribution of Printing Material of Course on the day of Registration of studentsRegular Monitoring of students by faculty members on Phone/Video CallingFixing the date of Examination Schedule, Quiz, and Annual ExaminationCalling the Students in University Campus for Face to face Interaction, especially when seminar/ conference organization related to their subject Deputing concern faculty to divisional place and calling all the students of concern subject for face to face interaction, conduction of classes, midterm review, solving the queries of students
IV. Degree Title B.Sc. in PHYSICS
5 V. Duration of the Program All students must complete the program within three years. The program is dedicated to maintaining a full year-round program with six semesters. In all the six semester the students may be engaged in mandatory core and optional courses along with first two years languages. VI. Program Structure the B. Sc Program in Physics is designed as languages, ancillary and core papers; Infirst four semesterscore with Languages (part-I and Part-II) and Ancillary subjects. In the third year (fifth and sixth semester) only core subjects
VII. Summary Description
VIII. X. Details of Syllabi each course has a detailed syllabus structured in terms of Units. The detailed syllabus for all Languages, Ancillary and core subjects has been attached in the Annexure I. IX. Time Table for Contact Class theory & Practical X. The ODL Regulations insists of minimum 60 hours per semester of which 60 hours are for contact theory class and 60 hours for practical purpose. The following table demonstrates the time allotment for both contact theory and practical totaling 12 hours per week; for a semester there may be available 5 months and one round of contact/counseling class per month is enough to achieve the required hours.
Scheme of Syllabus
B.Sc Physics Papers with Examination Codes
I Year

I Semester II Semester
Pa rt
Subject Subject
Code Cred it Cla ss hou rs Hou rs Subject Subject Code Cred it Cla ss hou rs Hou rs
I Tamil -
,f;fhyf; ftpijAk; rpWfijAk LTAAL 11
3 9 90 I Tamil -
gf;jp ,yf;fpaKk; ehlfKk LTAAL 21

3 9 90

II English

Prose,

Grammar
and
Compositio
n LENAE 11
3 9 90 II Part 2
(English) -
Poetry and

Drama I
LENAE 21

3 9 90

III Mechanics
and
Properties
of Mater BPHAC 11
5 15 150 II
I
Thermal

Physics and

Acoustics
BPHAC 21

5 15 150

III Mathemati
cs-I BMTA A11
4 12 120 II
I
Mathematic
s-II BMTA A21
3 12 120

III Fundamen
tal of
Physics -I
BPHAN 11
2 II
I
Fundamen
tals of
Physics -II
BPHAN 21
2
III Organic,

Inorganic
&
Physical

Chemistry

Theory -I
BCHAA 11
4 12 120 II
I 4 12 120 6 Fundamen tal of
Physics -I
BPHAN 11 II
I Astrophys
ics /
Medical

Physics
BPHAS 21/
BPHAS 22

2 12 120
Programm ing in C /
Solar

Energy
BPHAS 11 / BPHAS 12 II I
Practical I BPHAC
2P
4 12 120

IV Value

Education
2 6 60 II I
Ancy -

Practical -I
2 6 60 19 26 B.Sc Physics Papers with Examination Codes
II Year

III Semester IV Semester
Pa rt
Subject Subject
Code Cre dit Cla ss hou rs Hou rs Subject Subject Code Cre dit Cla ss hou rs Hou rs
I Part 1(Tamil)
- fhg;gpa ,yf;fpaKk ;
GjpdKk
LTAAL 31

3 9 90 I Part

1(Tamil) -
gz;ila ,yf;fpaKk; ciueilAk LTAAL 41

3 9 90

II English

Prose,

Grammar and

Composition
LENAE 31

3 9 90 II Part 2
(English) - Poetry and
Drama
II LENAE 41

3 9 90

III Electricity
and
Electromagne
tism BPHAC 31

5 15 150 II
I
Optics
and
Spectrosc
opy BPHAC 41

5 15 150

III Mathematics-

I BMTA
A31
4 12 120 II
I
Mathemat
ics-II BMTA A41
3 12 120

III Electronics -I BPHAN
31

2 II
I
Electronic
s -II BPHAN 41
2
III Organic,

Inorganic &

Physical

Chemistry

Theory -I
BCHAA 31

4 12 120 II

I Practical
IV
BPHAC4
P
4 12 120
Practical III
BPHAC3
P
IV Value

Education
2 6 60 II I
Ancy -

Practical -
I
BPHAA1
P
2 6 60
19 26 7 B.Sc Physics Papers with Examination Codes
III Year

V Semester VI Semester
Par t
Subject Subject
Code Cre dit Clas s hour s Hour s Subject Subject Code Cre dit Clas s hour s Hour s Modern
Physics

BPHAC51 Classical
and
Statistical

Mechanic
s
BPHAC61
Nuclear
Physics BPHAC52 Solid

State

Physics

BPHAC62
Analog
Electroni
cs
BPHAC53 Digital

Electroni
cs
BPHAC63
Practical
V BPHAC5P Practical

VII BPHAC7P
Practical
VI BPHAC6P Practical

VIII BPHAC8P
19 26 Part Enhancement Subject *CS core subject, EC Elective Subject, AS Ancillary
Subject, SES- Skill Enhancement Subject

Scheme of Examination:
Theory : Duration -3 Hrs Max Marks- 100, Passing Min; 35 Practical Lab : Duration -4 Hrs Max Marks- 100, Passing Min; 35 Two days per week time table for theory(6 hrs per day):
Semester I to IV

Days First hour

Break Second hour Lunch

Third hour

Enhancement

Subject

Saturday 9.00 11.00
am CS
11.15 1:15
Pm 10.00 11.15 am AS
1:.15 2.00pm 2:00 to 4:00 pm

Part 1

Sunday 9.00 11.00
am CS
11.15 1:15
Pm 10.00 11.15 am Ancy
1:.15 2.00pm 2:00 to 4:00 pm

Part II
8
Semester IV to VI

Days First hour

Break Second hour Lunch

Third hour

Enhancement

Subject

Saturday 9.00 11.00
am
CS

11.15 1:15
Pm 10.00 11.15 am CS
1:.15 2.00pm 2:00 to 4:00 pm
CS
Sunday 9.00 11.00
am CS
11.15 1:15
Pm 10.00 11.15 am CS
1:.15 2.00pm 2:00 to 4:00 pm
CS
XII. Evaluation Procedures
¾ Principles of Evaluation by the rubrics of evaluation of the program will be based on the following principles: Proof of Initiative, Active immersion, Interaction; Use of DIE - Describe, Interpret, Evaluate; utilizing variety of sources; Analytical Approach. ¾ Methods of Evaluation the students will be assessed by two pronged evaluation methods: a) Continuous Internal Evaluation; b) End-of-semester evaluation. c) Integration of Continuous and End-of-semester evaluation The following points have been incorporated for effecting the integration of continuous and end-of-semester evaluation d) For practical a. The internal assessment by day today performance, record and vivo vice b. The external examination will be end of semester doing experiment a) Continuous Internal Evaluation Aiming to assess values, skills and knowledge imbibed by students, internal assessment is to be done by the concerned faculty- member. It would comprise the following steps: There may be three different modes of continuous internal assessment: i. Book Review (BKR) ii. Problem Solving (BS) iii. Writing Assignment (WRA) Components for internal evaluation are to have a time-frame for completion (by students), and concurrent and continuous evaluation (by faculty-members). The evaluation outcome may be expressed either by pre-determined marks The evaluation reports submitted by all the faculty-members are to be reviewed, from time to time, by the Examination Committee under the chairmanship of Head department in order to ensure transparency, 9 iv. Fair-play and accountability. Following the review by the Examination Committee, the outcome of internal evaluation will be announced or displayed on the Notice Board and / or web- site as per the timeframe or academic calendar. b) End-of-semester evaluation:- This is to be carried out at the end of semesters, and will aim to assess skills and knowledge acquired by students through class-room interaction. The evaluation can be in the form of written examination, or term paper assignment. Evaluation process should be verifiable and transparent. Towards this end, the following steps have been adopted: All the students pursuing this program have to undergo external evaluation at the end of first semester as per syllabi; With regard to written examination the internal faculty may associate themselves with the external examiners in the examination process. In the case of written examination, the format of question paper is attached in annexure could be moderated by the Examination Committee. Answer-books or decoded (before tabulation). (c) Integration of Continuous and End-of-semester evaluation,the following points have been incorporated for effecting the integration of continuous and end-of- semester evaluation: Relational weightage assigned to internal evaluation is 40 percent. Relational weightage assigned to end of semester evaluation is 60 percent. Following the integration of internal and external evaluations, the results may be expressed in marks As soon as the integration of internal and external evaluations has been completed, the results should be announced, in keeping with the academic calendar, to
3. Description of Evaluation
This table lists all the assessment components that make up the course assessment, their weightings and the dates at which coursework are due. The table in the module specification indicates the week in which coursework should be submitted but the exact day may be decided by the concerned course instructor. The column headed Qual Mark indicates the particular assignment has to be passed. 10
Course Title Marks Internal, External& Total
S. No
Subjects Semester Intern
al
Externa
l Tota l Credi t
Total

1 Core Papers I to VI 25 75 100 4 12x4=48

2 Language

Paper

I to IV 25 75 100 2 8x2 =16

3 Ancillary

Paper

I to IV 25 75 100 3 6x2 = 12

4 Practical core I to VI 25 75 100 3 8x3 =24

5 Ancillary

Practical

I to VI 25 75 100 2 2X2 =4

6 Elective I to VI 25 75 100 2 4X3 =12

7 Enhancement I to IV 25 75 100 2 2x2 =08
Total 124
Model Question Paper for End-semester Exam There will be a 3 hour unseen end- semester examination. The question paper for this exam will be set by the respective course coordinator for core courses and by respective course instructor for optional courses. A model question paper has been attached in Annexure II. Examination Committee: The Head may constitute a Examination Committee consisting of at least two members from the faculty. The Committee will look after the proper and timely completion of internal evaluation and conducting end semester examinations; integrating internal evaluation and end semester evaluation with respective weightage and then final marks. XII. Program Facilities 1. Library & Documentation Unit: The Directorate has a full-fledged state of the art reference library of standard text and reference books and research journals and well established documentation unit having NSS, NFHS and Census data.
2. Career Development Committee:
The Director may constitute a Career Development Committee consisting of at least three faculty members of the Directorate to look after the career opportunities of the students of the program. This Committee may undertake necessary initiatives in enhancing capabilities and skills such as English Language proficiency, computer and documentation skills, and competency in project writing; it may organise, if possible, campus recruitment in collaboration with NGO sector and print and visual media. 11 Semester wise List of books Languages books are common to all
Practical: LOG BOOK - DDE

Physics Electronics - Lab -DDE
12
B.Sc Physics Papers with Examination Codes

I Year

I Semester II Semester
S. N O
Subject Code Credi
t S. N O
Subject Code Credit

A Part 1(Tamil) -
,f;fhyf; ftpijAk; rpWfijAk
Part 1 2 A1 Part 1(Tamil) -
gf;jp ,yf;fpaKk; ehlfKk
Part 1a 2

B Part 2 (English)

Prose, Grammar
and Composition
Part 2 2 B1 Part 2 (English) -

Poetry and Drama
I
Part 2a 2

1 Mechanics and

Properties of

Mater

CS1 4 4 Thermal Physics
and Acoustics
CS2 4

I Fundamentals of

Physics I

EC1 2 II Fundamentals of

Physics II

EC2 2
i Mathematics-I AS1 2 iii Mathematics-II AS3 2 ii Chemistry -I AS2 2 iv Chemistry -II AS4 2
Į Practical I L1 3 ȕ Practical II L2 3
Ȗ Ancy -Practical -I AL1 2 17 19
II YEAR

III Semester IV Semester
S. N O
Subject Code Credi
t S. N O
Subject Code Credit

A Part 1(Tamil) -
fhg;gpa ,yf;fpaKk ; GjpdKk
Part 1c 2 A2 Part 1(Tamil) -
gz;ila ,yf;fpaKk; ciueilAk
Part 1d 2

B Part 2 (English)

Prose &

Composition

Part 2c 2 B2 Part 2 (English)

Poetry and Drama
II
Part 2d 2

7 Electricity and

Electromagnetism

CS3 4 9 Optics and

Spectroscopy

CS5 4
v Mathematical
Physics - I

CS4 4 vii Mathematical

Physics -II

CS6 4
vi Electronics -I AS5 2 viii Electronics -II AS6 2
į Practical III L3 3 İ Practical IV L4 3
ȗ Ancy -Practical -I AL2 2 17 19
III YEAR

V Semester VI Semester
S. N O
Subject Code Credi
t S. N O
Subject Code Credit

11 Modern Physics

CS7 4 14 Classical and

Statistical

Mechanics

CS 10 4
13
12 Nuclear Physics CS8 4 15 Solid State

Physics

CS 11 4

13 Analog

Electronics

CS9 4 16 Digital

Electronics

CS 12 4

Ș Practical V L5 3 ș Practical VII L7 3
Practical VI L6 3 Ț Practical VIII L8 3 ț 18 18 17+19+17+19+18+18 =108 Environmental
Science
2 General
Knowledge
2 14
SEMESTER 1 CORE SUBJECT 1 CREDIT 4

MECHANICS AND PROPERTIES OF MATTER

Objective:
¾ To study the motion of objects, understand the laws of motion and laws of gravitation. To know the principle of conservation of momentum, energy and their consequences. ¾ To identify the characteristics of solids and fluids in terms of their properties
Unit I: Laws of motion
laws of motion Force- Impulse of a force - law of conservation of linear momentum Collision Elastic and in elastic collision (Fundamental laws of impact) law of impact coefficient of restitution Impact of a smooth sphere on a fixed plane Direct impact between two smooth spheres Oblique impact between two smooth spheres Calculation of final velocities of the spheres Loss of K.E due to impact.
Unit II Dynamics of rigid body
Moment of inertia Theorems of perpendicular and parallel axex M.I of a circular ring, disc, solid sphere, hollow sphere and cylinder about all axes angular velocity, angular momentum and K.E of rotation Torque and angular acceleration Relation between then Expression for a acceleration of a body rolling down an inclined body without slipping.
Unit III Gravitation
law of gravitation G by method Mass and density of earth Acceleration due to gravity Variation of g with altitude , depth and rotation of earth - Value of g at poles and equator. Gravitational field Gravitational potential Gravitational potential due to spherical shell Gravitational potential due to a solid sphere (inside and outside)
Unit IV Elasticity
Elasticity Stress, Strain - law Elastic moduli ratio Beams bending of beams Expression for bending moment Theory of uniform and non uniform bending - Determination of young modulus by uniform and non- uniform bending methods Torsion of a body Expression for couple per unit twist Work done in twisting a wire Torsional oscillations of a body - Rigidity modulus by dynamic torsion method (Torsional pendulum)
Unit V Surface Tension and Viscosity
Surface tension definition Molecular forces Explanation of surface tension on kinetic theory Surface energy work done in increasing the area of a surface Excess pressure inside a curved liquid surface Excess pressure inside a liquid drop and soap bubble. Viscosity Co efficient of viscosity Streamlined and turbulent motion critical velocity theorem Proof Applications Venturimeter Pitot tube
Text Book

1. Mechanics: D.S. Mathur S. Chand & Co, Edition 2002.

2. Elements of properties of matter D.S. Mathur S. Chand & Co., 2004.

3. Properties of matter R. Murugesan S. Chand & Co., 2004.
15
Reference Books

1. Mechanics Part I and Part II, Narayanamoorthy National Publishing Company, 2001.

2. Fundamental of Physics, D. Hallidary , Resnick and J Walker, 6th Edition, Wiley,
New York 2001.
4. Properties of matter Brijlal and Subramanian S. Chand & Co., 2006.
16
SEMESTER I SKILL BASED -1 CREDIT -2

PROGRAMMING IN C
Objective: The purpose of this course is to introduce students about the key features and implementation of C , which is a powerful general purpose programming language available in all platforms and provide an in depth knowledge and skill in it.
Unit I: Introduction to C
Basic structure of C programs Character set C tokens keyword and identifiers Constants Variables Data types Declaring variables Initializing variables type conversions. Unit II: Operators, Expressions & I/O functions Types of operators Arithmetic operators - Relational, logical, and assignment operators - Increment and decrement operators Conditional operators Bit wise and special operators arithmetic expressions Mathematical functions priority of operators- Data
input and output getchar( ), putchar( ) , gets( ) , puts( ) - scanf( ), printf( ) - escape sequence

Unit III: Control Statements
Simple IF statement Simple IF- ELSE statement Block IF Statement Block IF- LSE statement looping operation using while statement for statement Break statement continue statement - Switch statement Goto statement Simple programs. (To find the solution of quadratic equation - Fibonacci series To find the biggest of three nos, factorial ofa no, odd or even.)
Unit IV: Functions
Defining a function Accessing a function Category of function Passing arguments to function Recursion- Library function. Programs using functions Binomial coefficient, Sin series, summing the numbers 1 to n using recursion
Unit V: Arrays
Defining an Array Processing an array one, two dimensional arrays Simple programs using arrays: - (addition of two matrices - subtraction of two matrices Multiplication of two matrices- ascending and descending order.)
Text Book

1. Theory and problems of programming with C By Byron Gottfried Second edition

Tata Megraw Hill, 2004.

2. Programming in C Pradip Dey and Manas Ghosh, Oxford University Press,

SecondEdition.

Reference Books

1. Programming in C By E. Balagurusamy Third Edition Tata Megraw Hill,

2004.

2. Programming in C by S. Ramasamy and P. Radhaganesan, Scitech Publications
(India) Private Limited, Chennai and Hyderabad, 2006. 17
SEMESTER I SKILL BASED -2 CREDIT -2

SOLAR ENERGY
Objective: To make the students to understand the present day crisis and need for conserving energy alternatives are provided.
Unit I
Various forms of energy renewable and non renewable energy system Coal, oil and natural gas availability Merits and demerits.
Unit II
Solar energy Nature of solar radiation Components Solar heaters Crop dryers space cooling.
Unit III
Solar ponds Solar cooker Water desalination Photo voltaic basics Merits and demerits.
Unit IV
Geothermal energy Wind energy Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) Energy from waves and tides (Basic ideas, nature, application, merits & demerits.
Unit V
Biomass energy classification photo synthesis Bio mass conversion Gobar gas plants ethanol from wood.
Text Book

1. Non conventional energy resources B. Khan Tata McGraw Hill 2000.

2. Reference Books:

1. G.D. Rai solar energy utilization Edn 1995.

2. S.P. Sukhetme Solar Enegy Tata McGraw Edn II 1995

3. Godfrey Byle Renewable Energy Power for a sustainable nature: Alden

Oess limited oxford 1996.
18
SEMESTER I NON MAJOR ELECTIVE 1 CREDIT 2
FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICS I Objective: To introduce some basic concept of Physics like measurement of physical quantities, states of matter, kinds of energies and energy sources to students studying other than Physics.
Unit 1
S.I. Units measurements of length, mass, time and other physical quantities Dimensional formula for area, volume, density and force Uses of dimension.
Unit II
Matter Solid, Liquid, Gas and Plasma Application of Plasma change of state specific heat capacity specific latent heat of ice and steam.
Unit III
Kinds of energy Mechanical energy, Thermal energy, Optical energy, Sound energy, lectrical energy, Atomic and Nuclear energy, (Examples) Conservation of energy.
Unit IV
Renewable and non renewable energy Fossil fuel coal Oil Solar Wind Biomass OTEC.
Unit V
Mirror Laws of reflection Image formation (Concave and Convex mirror) Lens La of refraction Image formation (Concave and Convex lens) Defects of eye and rectification.
Book for Study

1. First Year B. Sc Physics B.V. Narayan Rao, New Age International (P) Lt, 1998.

Reference Books

1. Mechanics D.S. Mathur S.Chand & Co., 2002.

2. Properties of matter D.S. Mathur S. Chand & Co., 2002.

3. Properties of matter Brijlal Subramanian S. Chand & Co., 2006.
19
SEMESTER II CORE SUBJECT 2 CREDITS -4

THERMAL PHYSICS AND ACOUSTICS
Objective: To understand the phenomena connected with heat capacities, conduction, convection and radiation, the process of making use of heat energy to do mechanical work.
Unit I: Calorimetry
Isothermal and adiabatic change- derivation of equations for both- Cv and Cp of a gas- Relation between them- Experimental determination of Cv by Joll method- determination of Cp by method- Specific heat of a gas by Calendar and Barnes method.
Unit II: Transmission of heat
Conduction- Coefficient of thermal conductivity- Lees disc method of determination of thermal conductivity of bad conductor- Convection current in atmosphere- lapse rate- stability of atmosphere- green house effect- atmospheric pollution- Radiation- Stefan's law of radiation- experimental determination of Stefan's constant- derivation of Newton's law from Stefan's law- solar constant- temperature of sun- Angstrom's Pyrheliometer.
Unit III: Kinetic theory of gases
Postulates of kinetic theory of gases- mean free path- Transport Phenomena- diffusion, viscosity and thermal conductivity of gases- derivation of ideal gas equation- degrees of freedom- law of equipartition of energy- law of distribution of molecular speed- Atomicity of gases- ratio of specific heat capacity of gases- calculation for monoatomic and diatomic gases.
Unit IV: Thermodynamics
Zeroth law of Thermodynamics - First law of thermodynamics - Heat engines- Reversible and irreversible process Theorem- Second law of thermodynamics- Entropy- change of entropy in reversible and irreversible process-change of entropy in converting ice to steam- thermodynamical relations- Clausius Clapeyron latent heat equation.
Unit V: Acoustics
Expression for velocity of sound in fluid medium- formula- Laplace correction- effect of temperature, pressure, humidity, density of medium and wind- velocity of longitudinal wave in a rod- tube experiment- Laws of transverse vibration in a string- sonometer- string. Reverberation- Reverberation formula (No derivation) - Acoustics of building- factors affecting acoustics of building- sound distribution in an auditorium- Requisites for good acoustics.
Text Book:

1. Heat and Thermodynamics : Brijlal & Subramanyam, Chand & co.

2. Heat and thermodynamics : R. Murugesan , S.Chand & co

Reference Book:

1. Heat and Thermodynamics : D.S Mathur , Chand & co

2. A text book of Sound : Brijlal & Subramanyam, Chand & co.
20
SEMESTER II SKILL BASED 3 CREDIT 2

ASROPHYSICS Unit I
Birth of Modern Astronomy Geocentric and Heliocentric Celestial sphere laws of planetary motion Newtonian gravitation- Planets-Terrestrial and Jovian planets (Planets individual description is not required in detail) - Asteroids- Meteoroids-
Comets.

Unit II
The orientation of Earth in space- Arc and time units- local time-Standard time Elements of the telescope-Properties of images - Kinds of Optical telescopes- Refracting and Reflecting telescopes- Radio telescope- Spectrograph limitations.
Unit III
Sun- physical properties- composition- Core- Nuclear reactions- Photosphere- Chromo sphere- Corona- Sunspots- Sunspot cycle-Solar wind- Auroras.
Unit IV
Classification of Stars-The Harvard Classification system-Hertzprung-Russel Diagram-Luminosity of a Star-Stellar Evolution-White Dwarfs-Neutron stars-Black holes-
Physics of Black Holes.

Unit V
Galaxy nomenclature-Types of Galaxies-Spiral-Elliptical-irregular galaxies- Milky Way and its structure- Star clusters-Galactic clusters-Pulsars.
TEXT BOOKS:

1. Niclolas. A. Pananides and Thomas Arny, 1979, Introductory Astronomy,

Addison Wesley Publ. Co.

2. A. Mujiber Rahman, Introduction to Astrophysics, KAMS

Publications, Uthamapalayam.

REFERENCES:

1. Abell, Morrison and Wolf, 1987, Exploration of the Universe, 5th ed.,

Saunders College Publ.

2. Carrol and Ostlie, 2007, Introduction to Modern Astrophysics, 2nd ed.,

Pearson International.

3. William J. Kaufmann, III, 1977, Macmillan Publishing company, London.

4. Abhyankar, K.D., Universities Press.
21

SEMESTER II SKILL BASED 4 CREDIT 2

MEDICAL PHYSICS
Objective: To understand the basics about the biological systems in our body, their behavior, and the diagnostic devices.
Unit I
Basic Anatomical Terminology- Modeling and Measurement Forces on and in the Body Physics of the Skeleton Heat and Cold in Medicine- Energy work and Power of the Body
Unit II
Pressure system of the body- Physics of Cardiovascular system- Electricity within the Body Applications of Electricity and Magnetism in Medicine.
Unit III
Sound in medicine- Physics of the Ear and Hearing- Light in medicine- Physics of eyes and vision.
Unit IV
X-rays- Production of X-rays- X-ray spectra- continues spectra and characteristic spectra- Coolidge tube- Electro Cardio Graph (ECG) - Block diagram- ECG Leads- Unipolar and bipolar-ECG recording set up.
Unit V
Electro Encephalo Graph (EEG) - origin- Block diagram- Electro Myogragh (EMG) Block diagram- EMG recorder- Computer Tomography (CT) principle- Block diagram of
CT scanner.

Text Books

1. Medical Physics John R. Cameron and James G.Skofronick, 1978, John Willy
& Sons.
2. Bio medical instrumentation E D II, Dr M. Arumugam, Anuradha Agencies 1997.
22

SEMESTER II NON MAJOR ELECTIVE- II CREDIT 2

FUNDAMENTALS OF

PHYSICS II Unit I
Electric current- voltage and resistance- law- law- Resistances in series and in parallel.
Unit II
DC Source Primary cells Leclanche and Daniel cell Secondary cells Lead
Acid Accumulator DC generator.

Unit III
Alternating current generation by hydro, thermal and atomic power stations RMS value Peak value (Quantitative) AC generator no derivation.
Unit IV
Measurement of Electric power by Wattmeter- simple calculations- Induction coil - Wattless current- Power factor.
Unit V
Simple electrical circuits resistor, capacitor and inductor connected to AC source (independently) Relationship between emf and current in each case. Diode Bridge
Rectifier.

Reference Books

1. Electricity and Magnetism R. Murugesan S. Chand & Co 2004.
23

SEMESTER III CORE SUBJECT- 3 CREDIT 4

ELECTRICITY AND ELECTROMAGNETISM

Unit I
law- Electric field- Electric field due to a point charge- Electric flux- Gauss law- its proof- Applications of Gauss law- Electric field due to a charged sphere- Electric field due to a plane sheet of charge- theorem- Mechanical force on the surface of a charged conductor- Electric potential- Relation between electric field and electric potential-
Potential due to a charged spherical conductor.

Unit II
Capacitance- Principle of capacitor- Expressions for the capacitance of i) spherical
capacitor ii) cylindrical capacitor and iii) parallel plate capacitor with and without partly filled
dielectrics- Energy of a capacitor- Loss of energy when two charged conductors share the charges- Types of capacitors- fixed capacitor, variable capacitor, electrolytic capacitor and sliding capacitor.
Unit III
Kir laws- Application of laws to bridge- sensitiveness of the bridge- Carey bridge- Determination of the resistance of the given wire with the necessary theory. Potentiometer- principle of potentiometer- comparison of emfs of two cells usingpotentiometer- Determination of internal resistance of the cell using potentiometer-Calibration of voltmeter(low range and high range)- Calibration of ammeter.
Unit IV
laws of Electromagnetic induction, - law self inductance energy stored in an inductance Experiment to determine self inductance by Rayleigh method with theory Mutual inductance Determination of Mutual inductance using B.G. (with theory)
Coefficient of Coupling Eddy Currents.

Unit V
Mean value of alternating emf RMS value of the alternating current/voltage- Alternating current applied to LR, Cr and LCR circuits Series Resonance Circuit Parallel Resonance Circuit Power in an A.C. Circuit Wattless Current Power factor Q factor choke skin effect A.C. bridges bridge bridge and bridge.
Text Book

1. Electricity and Magnetism by Sehgal, Chopra & Sehgal Sultan, Chand & Sons. 1998.

Reference Books

1. Electricity and Magnetism 20th revised edition Brijlal & Subramaniyam ,
Ravi Offset Printers & Publishers Pvt., Ltd., 1997.
2. Electricity & Electromagnetism R. Murugesan

3. Electricity and Magnetism 2nd revised edition Narayanamoorthy &

Nagarathinam, National Publishing & Co. 1997.

4. Electricity & Magnetism A. Ambrose and T. Vincent Devaraj
24

SEMESTER IV CORE SUBJECT- 4 CREDIT 4
OPTICS AND SPECTROSCOPY
Objective:
¾ To familiarize the fundamental laws concerning reflection and refraction. ¾ To understand the phenomena like, interference, diffraction, and polarization. ¾ To perceive the basic concept of spectroscopy.
Unit I:
law of reflection and refraction- reflection and refraction at spherical surfaces- Deviation produced by thin lenses- focal length of two thin lenses in and out of contact- Cardinal points- Refraction through a thin prism- Dispersion- deviation without dispersion- dispersion without deviation- Aberration- chromatic aberration in lenses- achromatic combination of two lenses- Spherical aberration and its removal- Aplanatic lenses- Oil immersion objective.
Unit II
Interference- Coherent sources- interference in thin films- Air wedge- s rings- interferometer and its application- Fabry- Perot interferometer- sharpness of fringes- Resolution- Holography- Construction and reconstruction of a hologram.
Unit III
Diffraction- Theory of plane diffraction grating(normal incidence only)- Experiment to determine wave length- Zonal plate- Theory- Comparison with convex lens- s diffraction- Diffraction at a straight edge- circular aperture- rectangular aperture- Fraunhofer diffraction at a single slit- double slit- spiral- Resolving power of optical instruments-
Telescope and grating.

Unit IV
Polarization- Polaroid and its application- Double refraction- Nicol Prism- Nicol prism as Polarizer and Analyzer- Huygens explanation of double refraction- QWP and HWP- production and analysis of plane, circularly and elliptically polarized light- Optical activity- explanation- Specific rotation- Lorentz half shade polarimeter
Unit V
Spectroscopy- Introduction Electromagnetic spectrum IR radiations properties, production, detection and uses UV radiations properties, production, detection and uses Raman effect Theory and experimental study Applications. Electromagnetic spectrum- IR radiations- properties, production, detection and uses- UV radiations- properties, production, detection and uses Raman effect Theory and experimental study- Applications- Raman Effect- theory, experiment, characteristics of Raman lines-
Applications- Doppler effect in
optics and its application. Text Book:1. Optics and Spectroscopy Kakani and Bhandari Sultan Chand & sons New
Delhi.

2. Spectroscopy B. K. Sharma, Goel Publising House, Meerut 2006

Reference Books:

1. Optics - Subramanium & Brijlal S. Chand & Co 2002

2. Optics and Spectroscopy R. Murugesan, Vivekananda Press, Madurai.
25

SEMESTER V CORE SUBJECT- 5 CREDIT 4
MODERN PHYSICS
Objectives:
¾ To give an introductory account of the basic principles of atomic physics. ¾ .To impart knowledge on the theory of Relativity
¾ To introduce the origin of

Quantum theory Unit I
Bohr atom model theory of Hydrogen atom- Bohr - Sommerfeld theory relativistic atom model Critical potentials- Experimental determination Davis and experiment- Explanation for the fine structure of HĮ line- Relativistic variation of atomic mass Vector atom model Quantum numbers coupling schemes exclusion principle Arrangement of electrons in atoms- Magnetic dipole moment due to orbital motion of the electron magnetic dipole moment due to electron spin - Stern and
Gerlach experiment.

Unit II
Optical spectra spectral terms and notations selection rules -Fine structure of sodium D lines Zeeman effect theory and experiment quantum theory of Zeeman effect Anomalous Zeeman effect Stark effect. X Ray spectra- Duane and Hunt law- law- law- X-ray spectrometer- measurement of wave length- Compton effect- theory and experimental verification.
Unit III
Frames of reference- inertial frames of reference- Galilean transformation- Newtonian relativity- Michelson Morley experiment- Postulates of special theory of relativity- Lorentz transformation- Lorentz- Fitzgerald contraction- time dilation- relativistic addition of velocities- variation of mass with velocity- Mass-energy equivalence- Relation between total energy, rest mass energy and momentum
Unit IV
quantum theory of radiation Dual nature of matter and radiation De- hypothesis of matter waves Expression for wavelength Daviss and Germer experiment G. P. Thomson experiment with relativistic correction- Concept of wave packet Group velocity, wave velocity and their relation Uncertainty principle
Experimental illustration.

Unit V
Basic postulates of wave mechanics Derivation of time dependent and time independent wave equations wave function - Physical significance of wave function Eigen functions and Eigen values. Schrodinger equation for a free particle in one dimensional potential well- Its Eigen function and Eigen value- Applications of Schrodinger wave equation- Particle in one dimensional Box Barrier penetration problem - Linear harmonic oscillator The rigid rotator.
Text Book:
Modern Physics (sixth revised edition 1998 R. Murugesan, S. Chand & Company Ltd.) 26

Reference Books:

1. Modern Physics: Seighal Chopra and Seighal

2. Quantum Mechanics : Sathyaprakash, Ratan Prakasan Mandir 1994
27

SEMESTER V CORE SUBJECT- 6 CREDIT 4

NUCLEAR PHYSICS

Objective: The student must be able to
¾ Understand the basic properties of nuclei and the atomic nucleus ¾ Describe radioactivity and related phenomena ¾ Explain the various interactions of nuclear radiation with matter
Unit I
Isotopes Isotones Isobars Atomic mass unit Properties of the nucleus Nuclear Binding Energy Nuclear forces theory (no derivations) theories of nuclear composition proton electron hypothesis Model of nuclear structure - the liquid droop model Binding energy formula Shell model Collective model.
Unit II
Particle Accelerators Synchro cyclotron Betatron proton synchrotron electron synchrotron detectors Wilson cloud chamber bubble chamber photographic emulsion technique fundamental particles particles and antiparticles particles instability conservation laws.
Unit III
Laws of radio activity Half life period Mean life Radio Carbon dating Į rays Geiger Nuttal law experimental determination by Geiger- Nuttal law a disintegration energy theory of Į decay, ȕ decay electron capture, Ȗ rays determination of wavelength by diamond crystal spectrometer origin of rays internal conversion.
Unit IV
Nuclear transmutations by Į particles, protons, duetrons, neutrons and electrons Photo disintegration nuclear fission energy release. Explanation (C.N Cycle and P.P Cycle) Nuclear fusion Thermo nuclear reaction Controlled thermo nuclear reaction Cosmic rays origin primary secondary Azimuthal effect East-West effect pair production & annihilation - Van Allen Belt.
Unit V
Utilisation of nuclear energy - principle and action of atom bomb & Hydrogen Bomb production of electricity from energy Nuclear reactors General features of nuclear reactors Different types of nuclear reactors Pressurized water reactors Boiling water reactors Fast Breeder reactors Radio isotopes and their application.
Text Book:

1. Modern Physics R. Murugesan, S.Chand & Co., 1998.

2. Modern Physics by Seghal, Choptra and Seghal, Sultan Chand 1998. 3. Nuclear
Physics by Keplan.I Marosa Publishing House, 1995. 28

SEMESTER I CORE SUBJECT- 7 CREDIT 4

ANALOG ELECTRONICS
Objective: To enable the students to understand the aspects of analog electronics in a lucid and comprehensive manner.
UNIT I:
Semiconductors- n type and p type- PN junction diode- characteristics- Zener diode characteristics- Full wave rectifiers- Bridge rectifier- Filter circuits- General theory- low pass, high pass, band pass and band elimination filters.
UNIT II
Transistors- three types of configuration- relation between Į ȕ and Ȗ - Biasing circuits- Field Effect Transistor (FET)- construction n channel, p channel FET polarities- working-
FET characteristics- MOSFET- characteristics.

UNIT III
Amplification - small signal CE amplifier- input impedance, output impedance, current gain, voltage gain and power gain- single stage amplifier- frequency response - push-pull amplifier- Op-amp characteristics- application as adder, subtractor, integrator and differentiator.
UNIT IV
Feedback-positive & negative feedback- Barkhausen criteria- transistor oscillators- Hartley, Colpitt's, Phase shift oscillators with mathematical analysis.
UNIT V
Modulation-Types of modulation- Modulation Factor-Amplitude modulation-power in AM wave-block diagram of AM transmitters and receivers-Frequency modulation-block diagram of FM transmitters and receivers-Digital modulation(qualitative)-Pulse amplitude modulation-Pulse time modulation.
Text Book:

1. Principles of electronics - V.K.Mehta ; S.Chand &co

2. A textbook of applied electronics -R.S.Sedha ;S.Chand & co

Reference Books:

1. Basic electronics -B.L. Theraja; S.Chand & co

2. Electronic devices and circuits: Salivahanan, Sureshkumar Tata McGraw Hill

3. Electronic communication system - George Kennedy
29

SEMESTER V SKILL BASED - 5 CREDIT 2

NANOPHYSICS

OBJECTIVES
¾ To create the basic knowledge in nano materials. ¾ To understand the scientific perspective of nanomaterials. ¾ To identify the techniques suitable for nanomaterial synthesis.
¾ To know the significance of nanomaterials.

Unit I Nanomaterials
History of Nanotechnology- Nanostructures- synthesis of oxide nano particles- Synthesis of semiconductor nano particles- Synthesis of metallic nano particles
Unit II Quantum Heterostructure
Super lattice- preparation of Quantum nanostructure- Quantum well laser- Quantum cascade laser-Quantum wire- Quantum dot- Application of Quantum dots
Unit III Carbon Nanotubes
Discovery of Nanotubes- Carbon Allotropes- Types of carbon Nanotubes- Graphene sheet to a single walled nanotube- Electronic structure of Carbon Nanotubes- Synthesis of
Carbon Nanotube

Unit IV
Nanocrystalline soft material- Permanent magnet material- Theoretical background- Super paramagnetism- Coulomb blockade-Quantum cellular Automata
Unit V Application of nanotechnology
Chemistry and Environment Energy applications of nanotechnology- Information and Communication- Heavy industry-Consumer goods- Nanomedicine - Medical application of Nanotechnology
Text Book:

1) Text book of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology B. S. Moorthy, P. Sankar,
Baldev Raj, B. B. Rath and James Murdy University Press IIM
2) Nanophysics, Sr. Geradin Jayam, Holy Cross College, Nagercoil (2010)

Reference:

1) and Nanotechnology: Fundamentals to
M.S. Ramachandra Rao, Shubra Singh, Wiley India pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. (2013).
2) Nano the Essential - T. Pradeep, Tata Mc.Graw Hill company Ltd (2007)

3) The Chemistry of Nano materials : Synthesis, Properties and Applications Volume 1
C. N. R. Rao, A. Mu¨ller, A. K. Cheetham, , Germany (2004). 30

SEMESTER VI CORE SUBJECT- 8 CREDIT 4
CLASSICAL AND STATISTICAL MECHANICS
Objective:
¾ To understand the mechanics of systems of particles and their equations of motion. ¾ To study the concept of statistics of molecules.
Unit I
External and Internal force, Centre of Mass Conservation of Linear momentum- Conservation of Angular momentum Conservation of Energy (K.E., P.E.) Work-energy theorem- Conservative forces- examples- constrains- Types of Constraints- Examples- Degrees of freedom under constraints- Generalized Coordinates (Transformation Equations) generalized velocities- generalized momentum.
Unit II
Principle of Virtual Work principle- Lagrangian Equations from Principle (Derivation) Simple applications- equation of motion, simple pendulum, machine, compound pendulum- principle- deduction of principle from principle- Lagrangian equation from principle- Deduction of Lagrangian equation of motion from variation principle- simple application- simple pendulum, machine, compound pendulum.
Unit III
Hamiltonian Function H- conservation of Integral) Physical significance- Equations (Derivation) variation principle- Equation of motion from variation principle- Applications- Harmonic oscillator, motion of a particle in central force field, Charged particle moving in an electromagnetic field, compound
Pendulum, Two Dimensional Harmonic Oscillator

Unit IV
Classical statistics- microscopic and macroscopic systems- ensembles- Basic postulates of statistical mechanics- Probability- Thermodynamic probability- Boltzmann theorem on entropy and probability- Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics- Maxwell-Boltzmann energy distribution law- - Maxwell Boltzmann velocity distribution Law.
Unit V
Quantum statistics- introduction- phase space- law of black body radiation (derivation) - Deduction of and Rayleigh s law- Bose-Einstein statistics- Bose- Einstein distribution law- Photon gas- Fermi-Dirac Distribution Law- Electron gas-
Comparison of the three Statistics.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. J.C. Upadhyaya, July 2005, Classical Mechanics, Published by

Himalya Publishing House, Mumbai

2. Brijlal & Subramaniam, Reprint 1998, Heat & Thermodynamics,

S. Chand & Company Ltd
31

3. Agarwal, S.Chand & co New Delhi 1996

REFERENCES:

1. Gupta,B.D., Satyaprakash, 1991, Classical Mechanics, 9th ed., Kadernath

Ramnath

Publ., Meerut

2. Gupta, Kumar, Sharma, 2005, Classical Mechanics, PragatiPrakashan Publ., Meerut.

3. Murray R.Spiegal, 1981, Theoretical Mechanics, outline series, Mc
Graw
Hill Publ. Co., New Delhi.
32

SEMESTER VI CORE SUBJECT- 9 CREDIT 4
SOLID STATE PHYSICS
Objective:
¾ To understand the different types of bonding in solid substances, ¾ To understand the magnetic and dielectric properties of crystalline structures.
UNIT I:
Bonding in Solids Types of bonding in solids ionic, covalent, metallic, molecular and hydrogen bonds Crystal Structure Crystal lattice and crystal structure unit cell lattice, classification of crystals Miller indices structure of diamond and zinc blende Thermal Properties Concept of phonon Heat capacity of solids Limitations of theory, theory of lattice specific heat; thermal expansion of solids (qualitative).
UNIT II:
Free electron theory of metals; Electron drift, mobility, mean free path, relaxation time, Electrical ant Thermal conductivities of metals Wiedmann Franz law; Sources of resistivity of metals rule; Super conductivity applications, BCS theory.
UNIT III:
Different types of magnetism dia, para, ferro, antiferro and fermagnetism: a. theory of dia & para magnetism 2. theory of ferromagnetism Magnetic materials Properties and application hard and soft magnetic materials, magnetostriction materials, ferrites and concepts of domains and hysteresis.
UNIT IV:
Dielectrics, polarization, polar and non-polar dielectrics dielectric constant, Polarisability Clausius Mossotti relation Different types of Polarization electronic, ionic, orientational, space charge Dependence of polarization on frequency and temperature; Dielectric loss sources; Dielectric strength and break-down contributing.
UNIT V:
Laser materials Instrumentation of radiation with matter (quantitative) Emission and absorption of light spontaneous and stimulated emission; Laser Principle Properties applications; construction, working and characteristics of Ruby laser, He-Ne laser. Semiconductor laser.
Text Book:

1. Fundamentals of solid state physics by Saxena, Gupta Saxena Pragati

Prakashan

X Revised Edition 1991.

2. Introduction to Solids by Azaraoff TMH, Reprint 1978.
33

SEMESTER VI CORE SUBJECT- 10 CREDIT 4

DIGITAL ELECTRONICS
Objective: To enable the students to understand the aspects of Digital electronics in a lucid and comprehensive manner.
UNIT I: Number System
Number system-Binary, decimal, octal, hexadecimal (conversion from one to another)- binary addition- binary subtraction- binary subtraction by 1's and 2's complement method- Basic laws of Boolean Algebra-properties-Principle of duality- De-Morgan's theorem-proof.
UNIT II: Logic Gates
Positive and negative logic-logic gates-OR, AND, NOT, NAND and EX-OR gates- DRL-OR gate, AND gate-RTL NOT gate-DTL NOR gate- DTL NAND gate- NAND as universal gate- NOR as universal gate--Sum of products(SOP)- Karnaugh map-2 variable,3 variable and 4 variable-simplification using k-map.
UNIT III: Arithmetic circuits
Half adder- full adder- 4 bit binary adder- half subtractor- full subtractor- 4 bit binary subtractor- Multiplexer(MUX)- 4 to 1 MUX- Demultiplexer (DMUX)- 1 to 4 DMUX- Encoder- 8 to 3 encoder- decimal to BCD encoder- decoder- 3 to 8 decoder- BCD to decimal decoder-BCD to seven segment decoder.
UNIT IV: Timers, Flip-flops and registers
Timer- IC 555 monostable and astable multivibrators- flip flops- RS flip flops (using NAND and NOR)- edge triggered RS flip flop- JK flip flop- JK master slave flip flop- D flip flop- register- serial in serial out shift register.
UNIT V: Counters, memories and data converters
Counters- Ring counter- decade counter-semiconductor memories- ROM-PROM- applications- RAM- Dynamic RAM (DRAM)-Digital to analog converter(D/A)- binary ladder type-analog to decimal converter(A/D)- parallel A/D converter.
Text Book:

1. Digital principles and applications : Albert Paul Malvino , Donald P. Leach ,
Tata McGraw Hill
2. Digital logic circuits : P. Raja (second ed), Scitech Publications Pvt. Ltd.

3. Digital electronics and logic design : Jaydeep Chakravorty , University Press.
34

SEMESTER V SKILL BASED - 6 CREDIT 2

OPTO ELECTRONICS

Objective:
¾ To give an introductory account of the basic principles of Optoelectronic devices ¾ To understand the principle and working of LASER ¾ To gain information about fibre optic communication
Unit I
Introduction PN junction as a Light Source (LED) LED materials Advantages LCD _ Characteristics and action of LCD Advantages.
Unit II
Laser- Introduction characteristics of Laser Spontaneous and stimulated emission Einstein coefficients- condition for population inversion three level scheme semiconductor.
Unit III
Photo detector- characteristics of photo detectors PN junction photo detector PIN photo diode- Avalanche photo diode- Photo transistor.
Unit IV
Introduction principle of optical fibre light transmission in a optical fibre Acceptance angle Numerical aperture.
Unit V
Fibre index profiles Step index, graded fibre (transmission of signals) Advantages of fibre optic communications, optical switching Logic gates.
Text Book:

1. Semiconductor physics and Optoelectronics P. K. Palanisamy,

SCITECH Publication, Chennai 2002.

2. Optical fibres and Fibre Optic Communication Sabir Kumar Sarkar IV

Revised Edition 2003.

Reference Books:

1. Opto Electronics Wilson & Hawker, Prentice Hall of India 2004.
35

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
SEMESTER I & II PHYSICSPRACTICALI CREDIT - 3 ANY FOURTEEN
1. Young's Modulus Uniform bending Pin & Microscope

2. Young's Modulus Non-Uniform bending Scale and Telescope

3. Young's Modulus Cantilever Pin & Microscope

4. Young's Modulus Cantilever Dynamic method

5. Rigidity Modulus Static Torsion Searle's method

6. Rigidity Modulus Torsion Pendulum

7. Moment of Inertia Torsion Pendulum

8. A.C. Frequency

9. Verification of laws Sonometer

10. Frequency of tuning fork Sonometer

11. Frequency of vibrator Melde's Apparatus

12. Velocity of sound Kundt's tube

13. Compound Pendulum ''g''

14. Thermal conductivity of bad conductor Lee's Disc

15. Viscosity of liquid Stoke's method

16. Viscosity of liquid Burette method

17. Surface Tension Capillary Rise

18. Surface Tension Drop weight method
36
SEMESTER III & IV PHYSICSPRACTICALIICREDIT - 3 ANY FOURTEEN
1. Refractive Index : Spectrometer A and D

2. Grating : Spectrometer - N and Ȝ

3. Air Wedge : Thickness of wire

4. Newton's Rings : Radius and Wavelength measurements

5. Carey Foster Bridge : Resistance and specific resistance
6. Carey Foster Bridge : Temperature coefficient
7. Potentiometer : Calibration of low range voltmeter

8. Potentiometer : Calibration of ammeter

9. Potentiometer : Comparison of EMF's

10. Determination of BH : Axial coil

11. Determination of M : Axial coil

12. Determination of M and BH : Tan C method

13. Spot Galvanometer : Figure of Merit

14. Spot Galvanometer : Charge sensitivity

15. Spot Galvanometer : Comparison of EMF's

16. Spot Galvanometer : Comparison of capacities

17. Owen's Bridge : C1/C2 18. De Sauty's Bridge: C1/C2
37
SEMESTER V & VI PHYSICSPRACTICALIII CREDIT - 5 ANY FOURTEEN
1. LCR : Series Resonance circuit- L and Q

2. LCR : Parallel Resonance circuit- L and Q

3. Spot Galvanometer : Determination of mutual inductance

4.Spot Galvanometer : Comparison of mutual inductance

5.Spot Galvanometer : High Resistance by leakage

6. Spot Galvanometer : Internal Resistance of a cell

7. Anderson's Bridge : Self Inductance

8. Rayleigh's Bridge : Self Inductance

9. Maxwell's Bridge : Self Inductance

10. Small angled prism : Refractive Index

11. Spectrometer : i d curve

12. Spectrometer : i - curve
13. Grating : Minimum deviation
14.Spectrometer : Cauchy's constant

15. Spectrometer : Hartmann's Interpolation Formula

16. Spectrometer : Small angled prism - refractive index

17.Impedance and power factor : LR circuit 18.

Impedance and power factor : CR circuit
38
SEMESTER V & VI PHYSICSPRACTICALIV CREDIT - 5 ANY
FOURTEEN

1. Transistor characteristics : Common Emitter

2. Zener diode characteristics

3. Zener voltage regulator
4. Single Stage Amplifier : gain and bandwidth
5. Clipper and Clamper : discrete components only

6. FET characteristics

7. Hartley Oscillator : Frequency and Inductance of coil

8. Colpitt's Oscillator : Frequency and Inductance of coil

9. Phase Shi

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