[PDF] Genetic Engineering - Chapter 15 STUDY GUIDE A

43686_3ch_15_tests_a___study_guide.pdf 15

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Genetic Engineering - Chapter 15 STUDY GUIDE A

Multiple Choice

Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on the line provided. _____ 1. Which of the following explains how teosinte may have been selectively bred to produce corn? a. Teosinte plants with the desired traits were hybridized until the desired traits appeared, then the offspring were inbred. b. Teosinte plants were randomly bred until the desired traits appeared, then the offspring were hybridized. c. Teosinte plants were hybridized with corn plants, and the resulting hybrids with the desired traits were inbred. d. Teosinte plants with similar characteristics were inbred until the desired traits were produced. _____ 2. Certain drugs can be used in plant breeding to make polyploid plants. These drugs a. change the number of chromosomes found in cells. b. change eukaryotic plants into prokaryotic plants. c. frequently cause mutations, which create new alleles and genes. d. insert foreign DNA into plant chromosomes. _____ 3. Suppose a bacterial culture was transformed with recombinant plasmids containing a gene for resistance to penicillin. The bacterial culture was then treated with penicillin. Which of the following statements will happen to the transformed bacteria? a. They will die. c. They will undergo PCR. b. They will live. d. They will become polyploid. _____ 4. During transformation, a. a prokaryote is changed into a eukaryote. b. a cell takes in DNA from outside the cell. c. foreign DNA is inserted into a plasmid. d. the chromosome of a bacterium is mutated. _____ 5. Why are plasmids so widely used in recombinant DNA studies? a. because it is difficult to insert new genes into them b. because they can be used to transform bacteria c. because they naturally contain much foreign DNA d. because they cannot be cut with restriction enzymes _____ 6. Why is inserting plasmids in yeast more complex than inserting them into bacteria? a. Yeasts are prokaryotes. c. Yeasts are hybrids. b. Yeasts are eukaryotes. d. Yeasts are inbred. _____ 7. Which of the following is a pair of transgenic organisms? a. a hybridized peach tree and bacteria that make human insulin b. a Bt corn plant and a polyploid banana tree c. a hybridized peach tree and a polyploid banana tree d. bacteria that make human insulin and a Bt corn plant 241

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_____ 8. Dolly is a sheep produced by cloning. Which of the following is a difference between Dolly

and animals produced by sexual reproduction? a. b. c. Dolly has a mix of genes from her foster mother and the sheep that donated a nucleus of one of its cells. d. Dolly is genetically identical to her offspring. _____ 9. GM crops that produce a higher yield per plant than unmodified crops would a. produce more food for the same acreage. b. produce less food for the same acreage. c. produce more food but would use more land. d. produce less food and require more land. _____ 10. The procedure illustrated in Figure

151 is an example of

a. genetic testing. b. DNA finger printing. c. gene therapy. d. cloning. _____ 11. Gene therapy is successful if the a. viruses carrying b. c. d. replacement gene is successfully spliced to viral DNA. _____ 12. Which of the following correctly describes how DNA fingerprinting of certain genes can be used to establish familial relationships? a. The Y chromosome is used to look for links from a son to his mother, and mitochondrial

DNA is used to look for links to his father.

b. Plasmid DNA is used to look for links from a girl to her mother, and the Y chromosome is used to look for links to her father. c. Mitochondrial DNA is used to look for links from a son to his mother, and the Y chromosome is used to look for links to his father. d. Mitochondrial DNA is used to look for links from a girl to her mother, and plasmid DNA is used to look for links to her father. _____ 13. Which of the following is true of patents in biotechnology? a. Scientists are only allowed to patent genes; they cannot patent techniques they use in the lab. b. A scientist who holds a patent can demand high fees that block others from doing certain research. c. Human genes cannot be patented because they belong to everyone. d. Genetically modified foods cannot be patented. 242

Figure 151

ame Class Date _____ 14. Which of the following findings, if true, would support an argument IN FAVOR of GM foods? a. Farmers using herbicide-resistant crops pollute groundwater more than farmers growing non-GM crops. b. The cost of using GM crops is prohibitively expensive for 75 percent of all farmers. c. Farmers who grow GM crops have much higher yields than farmers growing unmodified crops. d. The populations of bees on farms growing insect-resistant crops are half as large as bee populations on other farms. _____ 15. Which statement below might be used by someone who is arguing against the use of GM crops? a. GM crops reduce the amount of land and energy that need to be devoted to agriculture because they have high yields. b. GM crops need more insecticide to be used than other crops because they grow faster. c. The patents for the seeds of GM crops are held by big companies, which may raise prices and force small farmers out of business. d. No studies have shown that GM crops are dangerous to human health.

Completion

Complete each statement on the line provided.

16. is the technique of selective breeding that maintains desirable

characteristics in a line of organisms, but increases the risk of genetic defects in certain animal breeds.

17. To produce a fruit that has some characteristics of an orange and some of a grapefruit, you would

use the selective breeding technique of .

18. Bananas planted as crops are plants which have 2 or 3 times the

normal diploid number of chromosomes.

19. are proteins that cut DNA at

specific sequences, as illustrated in Figure 152.

20. The human growth hormone produced by

bacteria is identical to the human growth hormone produced by humans because both are coded by the same

DNA sequence.

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Figure 152

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Short Answer

In complete sentences, write the answers to the questions on the lines provided.

21. What does the polymerase chain reaction enable scientists to do?

22. Compare the genes in Dolly and the sheep from which she was cloned.

23. How would making crops resistant to herbicides assist farmers?

24. Explain what a DNA probe is and how it could be used to identify a person who carries an allele

for a genetic disorder.

25. Why are viruses used in gene therapy?

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Using Science Skills

Use the diagram below to answer the following questions on the lines provided.

Figure 153

26. Interpret Visuals In Figure 153, what do the bands shown in B consist of?

27. Interpret Visuals Which group of bands in Figure 153 moved faster, C or D? Why?

28. Infer What is occurring in A in Figure 153?

29. Infer In Figure 153, why are the bands shown in B moving toward the positive end of the gel?

30. Draw Conclusions In Figure 153, were any of the three DNA samples from the same person?

Explain your answer.

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Essay

Write the answer to each question in the space provided.

31. Suppose you are a scientist trying to help people who cannot produce an enzyme needed for proper

digestion. How could you use genetic engineering techniques to make transformed bacteria that produce the enzyme?

32. What are three general ways that scientists can use recombinant DNA technology to help improve

human health?

33. How does DNA fingerprinting help preserve endangered species, such as elephants?

34. How might cloning be useful to animal breeders?

35. What is one potentially controversial use of genetic engineering in people, and what can be done to

help manage this issue? 246