How do Human Activities Contribute to Climate Change and How do
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The largest known contribution comes from the burning of fossil fuels, which releases carbon dioxide gas to the atmosphere Greenhouse gases and aero- sols
The contribution of human activities to climate changes - EconStor
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greenhouse gases in the atmosphere In addition, human activities contribute to climate change by altering the concentration of aerosols and clouds cover
Climate change caused by human activities is happening and it
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28 fév 2018 Kevin E Trenberth, is a distinguished senior scientist at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA, in the Climate
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2 How do scientists know that recent climate change is largely caused by human activities? 5 3 CO2 is already in the atmosphere naturally,
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18) Human activities have increased the atmospheric concentrations of other important greenhouse gases as well Methane, which is produced by the
Human Activity and the Greenhouse Effect - Purdue Extension
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He noted that changes in the amount of water (H2O) or carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere could be responsible for all known fluctuations of the climate
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directly or indirectly, to human activity which changes the composition of the global atmosphere and is in addition to natural climate variability
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responsible for adverse impacts on human health, ecosystems and the climate reductions in local air pollution and climate change actions separately or
Are Humans Responsible for Global Warming?
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The case for attributing the recent global warming to human activities rests on Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a greenhouse gas that warms the atmosphere
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Human Activity and the Greenhouse Effect
What greenhouse gases do humans generate?
Every day we generate greenhouse gases through
interaction with factories, agriculture, and cars. Our activities produce four major greenhouse gases (Figure 1).
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Carbon dioxide enters the atmosphere through
burning fossil fuels (i.e., coal, natural gas, and oil), solid waste, trees, and wood products. Certain chemical reactions (e.g., manufacturing cement) can also generate carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere (sequestered) when it is absorbed by plants as part of the biological carbon cycle.
Methane (CH4)
Methane is emitted during the production
and transport of coal, natural gas, and oil. Methane emissions also result from livestock and other agricultural activity and by the decay of organic waste in municipal solid-waste land?lls.
Nitrous oxide (N2O)
Nitrous oxide is produced naturally in soil,
and thus is emitted during agricultural practices. Industrial sources, as well as burning fossil fuels in internal combustion engines, produce nitrous oxide.
Fluorinated gases
Hydro?uorocarbons, per?uorocarbons, and sulfur
hexa?uoride are synthetic, powerful greenhouse gases that result from a variety of industrial processes. These gases are typically emitted in smaller quantities than the gases above, but have a high global warming potential because they trap and hold more radiant heat than the other greenhouse gases. Figure 1: United States greenhouse gas emissions in 2014.
Source:
https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/overview- greenhouse-gases
What human activity creates the most greenhouse
gas emissions? As of 2014, electricity production generates the largest share of greenhouse gas emissions, making up 30% of emissions (Figure 2). Approximately 67% of our electricity comes from burning fossil fuels, mostly coal and natural gas.
Climate Change
Human Activity and the Greenhouse E?ect ID-506
How do increased greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere lead to warmer temperatures?
Greenhouse gases absorb and reemit radiant heat
energy from the sun. They hold onto that heat energy for a much longer period of time than do other atmospheric gases. Water vapor is the Earth"s most important natural greenhouse gas. Water vapor and clouds cause most of the Earth"s natural greenhouse eect and account for about 90% of the total heat-retaining capacity of the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases can also reabsorb solar radiation reected or reemitted from Earth"s surface, trapping the heat in our atmosphere instead of letting it escape to space. The Greenhouse Eect is a natural process essential for life on Earth, because it plays an important role in regulating the Earth"s temperature. However, over the last several hundred years, humans have been increasing the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases (mainly carbon dioxide and methane) above the natural amount, which has led to increased warming. Figure 2: Total U.S. greenhouse gas emissions by economic sector. Source: https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/sources- greenhouse-gas-emissions
What are other sources of human greenhouse gas
emissions? Other economic sectors that generated a signi?cant portion of greenhouse gas emissions in the United States in 2014 include transportation (26%) and industry (21%). Emissions from transportation primarily come from burning fossil fuels in cars, trucks, ships, trains, and planes. Emissions from industry primarily come from burning fossil fuels for energy, as well as from certain chemical reactions necessary to produce goods from raw materials. Commercial and residential properties (i.e., businesses and homes) generated 12% of emissions and agriculture generated 9% of US emissions in 2014. Figure 3: Diagram depicting the Greenhouse Effect. The arrows represent radiant energy from the sun entering and leaving Earth"s atmosphere. Source: http://epa.gov/ climatechange/science/causes.html It is the policy of the Purdue University Cooperative Extension Service that all persons have equal opportunity and access to its educational programs, services, activities,
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Resources
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2007.
Climate Change 2007: Working Group I: They Physical Science Basis. http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_ data/ar4/wg1/en/ch1s1-4.html#1-4-1 Stanford SOLAR Center, 2008. Global Warming. http:// solar-center.stanford.edu/sun-on-earth/glob-warm.html
US Environmental Protection Agency, 2017. Source
of Greenhouse Gas Emissions. https://www.epa.gov/ ghgemissions/sources-greenhouse-gas-emissions Human Activity and the Greenhouse E?ect ID-506
What evidence do scientists have that human
emission of greenhouse gases is contributing to global warming? In 1859, John Tyndall's laboratory experiments showed that complex molecules could absorb thermal radiation. He noted that changes in the amount of water (H2O) or carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere could be responsible for all known uctuations of the climate system. In 1895, Svante Arrhenius followed Tyndall"s work with a climate prediction based on greenhouse gases, suggesting that a 40% increase or decrease in the amount of CO2 might trigger glacial advances and retreats. G.S. Callendar in 1938 solved a set of equations linking greenhouse gases and climate change. He found that doubling the atmospheric CO2 concentration resulted in a 2°C increase in the mean global temperature with considerably more warming at the poles. He linked increasing fossil fuel combustion with a rise in CO2 and its greenhouse eects. Historic atmospheric measurements of Earth"s CO2 content showed that temperatures rose directly with the observed increases in CO2. These observations have helped to ?rmly establish that CO2 is an important driver of climate change
What is the relationship between temperature and
carbon dioxide in past climate?
Recent and historical observations show that
temperature and carbon dioxide levels show a strong correlation with one another. When the carbon dioxide concentration goes up, temperature goes up, and vice versa. Figure 4 shows the temperature change (blue) and carbon dioxide change (red) observed in ice core records. Figure 4: Temperature change (blue) and carbon dioxide change (red) observed in ice core records. Source: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/globalwarming/ temperature-change.html