[PDF] CompTIA Network+ Exam Guide

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CompTIA

Network+

¤ % 8 ! - ' 5 ) $ % &OURTH%DITION ALL n IN n ONE A"O5T T(E A5T(O2 -ICHAEL-EYERS is the industry's leading authority on CompTIA Network+ certification. He is the president and founder of Total Seminars, LLC, a major provider of PC and network repair seminars for thousands of organizations throughout the world, and a member of CompTIA. Mike has written numerous popular textbooks, including the best-selling -ike -eyers

CompTIA A

+š 'uide to -anaGinG  TroublesHootinG 0Cs, -ike -eyers CompTIA A+š 'uide to Essentials, and -ike -eyers CompTIA A +š 'uide to OperatinG Systems

ABOuTTHeCONTrIBuTOrs

3COTT*ERNIGAN wields a mighty red pen as Editor in Chief for Total Seminars. With a

Master of Arts degree in Medieval History, Scott feels as much at home in the musty archives of London as he does in the warm CRT glow of Total Seminars' Houston headquarters. After fleeing a purely academic life, he dove headfirst into IT, working as an instructor, editor, and writer. Scott has edited and contributed to more than a dozen books on computer literacy, hardware, operating systems, networking, and certification. His latest book is Computer ,iteracy n 9our Ticket to IC  Certification. Scott co-authored the best-selling A+ Certification All in One Exam 'uide, &iftH Edition, and the -ike -eyers A+ 'uide to -anaGinG and TroublesHootinG 0Cs (both with Mike Meyers). He has taught computer classes all over the United States, including stints at the United Nations in

New York and the FBI Academy in Quantico.

!LEC&EHL (BM, Music Production and Engineering, and MCSE, A+, NT-CIP, ACE, ACI certified) has been a technical trainer, computer consultant, and Web application de- veloper since 1999. After graduating from the prestigious Berklee College of Music in Boston, he set off for Los Angeles with the promise of becoming a rock star. After ten years gigging in Los Angeles, teaching middle-school math, and auditioning for the Red Hot Chili Peppers (he didn't get the gig), he moved to Asheville, North Carolina with his wife Jacqui, where he teaches computer classes at Asheville-Buncombe Technical Community College and WCI/SofTrain Technology Training Center. Alec is author or co-author of several titles covering Microsoft Office 2007, Microsoft Vista, Web design and HTML, and Internet systems and applications.

ABOuTTHeTeCHNICalEDITOr

#HRISTOPHER!#RAYTON (MCSE, MCP+I, CompTIA A+, CompTIA Network+) is an au- thor, technical editor, technical consultant, security consultant, and trainer. Formerly a computer and networking instructor at Keiser College (2001 Teacher of the Year), Chris has also worked as network administrator for Protocol and at Eastman Kodak Head- quarters as a computer and network specialist. Chris has authored several print and on- line books on topics ranging from CompTIA A+ and CompTIA Security+ to Microsoft Windows Vista. Chris has provided technical edits and reviews for many publishers, including McGraw-Hill, Pearson Education, Charles River Media, Cengage Learning,

Wiley, O'Reilly, Syngress, and Apress.

CompTIA

Network+

¤ % 8 ! - ' 5 ) $ % &OURTH%DITION -IKE-EYERS

New York s Chicago s San Francisco s Lisbon

London

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CompTIA AutHoriZed 1ualitY CurriCulum

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Vii #/.4%.43!4!',!.#% Chapter 1 CompTIA Network+ in a NutSHell                          Chapter 2 "uildinG a Network witH tHe O3I -odel                      Chapter 3 CaBlinG and TopoloGY                                     Chapter 4

EtHernet "aSiCS                                        

Chapter 5 -odern EtHernet                                        Chapter 6 InStallinG a 0HYSiCal Network                               Chapter 7

TC0I0 "aSiCS                                          

Chapter 8 THe 7onderFul 7orld oF 2outinG                           Chapter 9 TC0I0 AppliCationS                                     

Chapter 10

Network NaminG                                       

Chapter 1

1 3eCurinG TC0I0                                        

Chapter 1

2 AdVanCed NetworkinG $eViCeS                            

Chapter 1

3

I0V                                                  

Chapter 1

4 2emote ConneCtion "aSiCS                               

Chapter 1

5 Network TrouBleSHootinG                                

Chapter 1

6 7ireleSS NetworkinG                                   

Chapter 1

7 0roteCtinG 9our Network                                 

Chapter 1

8 Network -anaGement                                    Appe ndix A OBJeCtiVeS -ap CompTIA Network+                       Appe ndix B ABout tHe C$-2O-                                    

GloSSarY                                              

Index                                                

This page intentionally left blank

ix #/.4%.43

Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix

CHapter  CompTIA Network+ in a NutSHell                              Who Needs CompTIA Network+ I Just Want

to Learn about Networks! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

What Is CompTIA Network+ Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 What Is CompTIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 The Current CompTIA Network+ Certification Exam Release . . . . 3 How Do I Become CompTIA Network+ Certified . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

What Is the Test Like . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

How Do I Take the Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 How Much Does the Test Cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 How to Pass the CompTIA Network+ Exam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Obligate Yourself . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Set Aside the Right Amount of Study Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Study for the Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Historical/Conceptual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

CHapter  "uildinG a Network witH tHe O3I -odel                        

Historical/Conceptual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Working with Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Biography of a Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 The Seven Layers in Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Welcome to MHTechEd! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Test Specific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Let's Get PhysicalˆNetwork Hardware and Layers 1-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

The NIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

The Two Aspects of NICs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Beyond the Single WireˆNetwork Software and Layers 3-7 . . . . . . . . . . 28 IPˆPlaying on Layer 3, the Network Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 There's Frames in Them Thar Frames! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Assembly and DisassemblyˆLayer 4, the Transport Layer . . . . . . 35 Talking on a NetworkˆLayer 5, the Session Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Standardized Formats, or Why Layer 6, Presentation, Has No Friends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Network ApplicationsˆLayer 7, the Application Layer . . . . . . . . . 40 How Tiffany Gets Her Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 The Tech's Troubleshooting Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Chapter Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

CompTIA Network+ All-in-One Exam Guide

X

CHapter  Cabling and Topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

TesTSPeCIFIC TOPOlOGY BusaNDRING STar HYBrIDs

MesHaNDPOINT

TO

MulTIPOINT

POINT TO

POINT

ParameTersOFaTOPOlOGY CaBlING COaXIalCaBle TWIsTeDPaIr FIBer OPTIC OTHerCaBles FIreRaTINGs NeTWOrKINGINDusTrYSTaNDarDsˆIEEE CHaPTerReVIeW QuesTIONs ANsWers

CHapter  Ethernet Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

HIsTOrICalCONCePTual ETHerNeT  TOPOlOGY TesTSPeCIFIC OrGaNIZINGTHeDaTaETHerNeTFrames CSMACD DeFININGETHerNeT EarlYETHerNeTNeTWOrKs BaseT BaseFL EXTeNDINGaNDENHaNCINGETHerNeTNeTWOrKs CONNeCTINGETHerNeTSeGmeNTs SWITCHeDETHerNeT CHaPTerReVIeW QuesTIONs ANsWers 

CHapter  Modern Ethernet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

TesTSPeCIFIC   MeGaBITETHerNeT  BaseT  BaseFX  Full DuPleXETHerNeT 

ContentS

XI

Gigabit Ethernet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

1000BaseCX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

1000BaseSX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

1000BaseLX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

New Fiber Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

Mix and Match . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

10-Gigabit Ethernet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

Fiber-based 10 GbE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

The Other 10-Gigabit Ethernet Fiber Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

Copper 10 GbE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

10-GbE Physical Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

Backbones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Chapter Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

CHaPTer InstallinG a 0Hysical Network                                 

Historical/Conceptual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

Understanding Structured Cabling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

Cable BasicsˆA Star Is Born . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

Test Specific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

Structured Cable Network Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Structured CableˆBeyond the Star . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

Installing Structured Cabling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

Getting a Floor Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

Mapping the Runs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

Determining the Location of the Telecommunications Room . . . 140

Pulling Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

Making Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Testing the Cable Runs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

NICs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

Buying NICs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

Link Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

Diagnostics and Repair of Physical Cabling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Diagnosing Physical Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

Check Your Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

Check the NIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

Cable Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

Problems in the Telecommunications Room . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

Toners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

Chapter Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

CompTIA Network+ All-in-One Exam Guide

XII

CHapter  TCP/IP Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

HIsTOrICalCONCePTual  TesTSPeCIFIC  IPINDePTH  IPADDresses  IPADDressesINACTION  ClassIDs  CIDRaNDSuBNeTTING  SuBNeTTING  CIDRSuBNeTTINGINTHeRealWOrlD  UsINGIPADDresses  STaTICIPADDressING  DYNamICIPADDressING  SPeCIalIPADDresses  CHaPTerReVIeW  QuesTIONs  ANsWers 

CHapter  The Wonderful World of Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

HIsTOrICalCONCePTual  HOWROuTersWOrK  TesTSPeCIFIC  ROuTINGTaBles  FreeDOmFrOmLaYer  NeTWOrKADDressTraNslaTION  DYNamICROuTING 

DIsTaNCeVeCTOr

  LINKSTaTe  EIGRPˆTHeLONeHYBrID  DYNamICROuTINGMaKesTHeINTerNeT  WOrKINGWITHROuTers  CONNeCTINGTOROuTers  BasICROuTerCONFIGuraTION  ROuTerPrOBlems  CHaPTerReVIeW  QuesTIONs  ANsWers 

CHapter  TCP/IP Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259

HIsTOrICalCONCePTual  TraNsPOrTLaYerPrOTOCOls  HOWPeOPleCOmmuNICaTe  TesTSPeCIFIC  TCP  UDP  ICMP  IGMP 

ContentS

XIII

The Power of Port Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264

Registered Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266

Connection Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270

Rules for Determining Good vs. Bad Communications . . . . . . . . . 274

Common TCP/IP Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274

The World Wide Web . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274

Telnet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280

E-mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286

FTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290

Internet Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295

Chapter Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295

Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295

Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297

CHaPTer Network NaminG                                          

Historical/Conceptual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300

DNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300

Test Specific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302

How DNS Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302

DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318

Troubleshooting DNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327

WINS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330

Configuring WINS Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332 Troubleshooting WINS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333

Diagnosing TCP/IP Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333

Chapter Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336

Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336

Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

33
8

CHaPTer SecurinG TC0I0                                           

Test Specific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340

Making TCP/IP Secure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340

Encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340

Nonrepudiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348

Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355

Authorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355

TCP/IP Security Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356

Authentication Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356 Encryption Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366 Combining Authentication and Encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370

Secure TCP/IP Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372

HTTPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373

SCP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374

SFTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374

SNMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374

NTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375

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Chapter Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376

Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376

Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377

CHaPTer Advanced NetworkinG $evices                               

Historical/Conceptual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379

Logical Network Topologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380

Test Specific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381

Client/Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381

Peer-to-Peer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383

Client/Server and Peer-to-Peer Today . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384

VPN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385

VLAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391

VLAN in Depth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391

Trunking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392

Configuring a VLAN-capable Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392 InterVLAN Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395

Multilayer Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397

Load Balancing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398

QoS and Traffic Shaping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401

Network Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402

Chapter Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407

Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407

Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409

CHaPTer I0v                                                     

IPv6 Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412

Test Specific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

41
2 IPv6 Address Notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412

Link-Local Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414

IPv6 Subnet Masks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415

The End of Broadcast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416

Global Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417

Aggregation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419

Using IPv6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423

Enabling IPv6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423

NAT in IPv6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424

DHCP in IPv6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426

DNS in IPv6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427

Moving to IPv6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428

IPv4 and IPv6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429

Tunnels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430

IPv6 Is Here, Really! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432

Chapter Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434

Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434

Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435

ContentS

XV

CHapter  Remote Connection Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437

HIsTOrICalCONCePTual  TelePHONYaNDBeYOND  THeDaWNOFLONGDIsTaNCe  TesTSPeCIFIC  DIGITalTelePHONY  COPPerCarrIersTaNDT  FIBerCarrIersSONETSDHaNDOC  PaCKeTSWITCHING  Real WOrlDWAN  AlTerNaTIVeTOTelePHONYWAN  THeLasTMIle  TelePHONe  DSL  CaBleMODems  SaTellITe  WIreless  FIBer  WHICHCONNeCTION  UsINGRemOTeACCess  DIal UPTOTHeINTerNeT 

PrIVaTeDIal

UP 

VPNs  DeDICaTeDCONNeCTION  RemOTeTermINal  VOIP 

CHaPTerReVIeW

  QuesTIONs  ANsWers 

CHapter  Network Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479

TesTSPeCIFIC  TrOuBlesHOOTINGTOOls  HarDWareTOOls  SOFTWareTOOls  THeTrOuBlesHOOTINGPrOCess  GaTHerINFOrmaTIONˆIDeNTIFYSYmPTOmsaNDPrOBlems  IDeNTIFYTHeAFFeCTeDAreasOFTHeNeTWOrK  EsTaBlIsHIFANYTHINGHasCHaNGeD  IDeNTIFYTHeMOsTPrOBaBleCause  DeTermINeIFEsCalaTIONIsNeCessarY 

CreaTeaNACTIONPlaNaNDSOluTIONIDeNTIFYING

POTeNTIalEFFeCTs  ImPlemeNTaNDTesTaSOluTION  IDeNTIFYTHeResulTsaNDEFFeCTsOFTHeSOluTION  DOCumeNTTHeSOluTIONaNDTHeENTIrePrOCess 

CompTIA Network+ All-in-One Exam Guide

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Troubleshooting Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495

"I Can't Log In!" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495

"I Can't Get to This Web Site!" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495 "Our Web Server Is Sluggish!" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496 "I Can't See Anything on the Network!" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496

"It's Time to Escalate!" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497

Troubleshooting Is Fun! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498

Chapter Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499

Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499

Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501

CHaPTer 7ireless NetworkinG                                      

Historical/Conceptual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503

Test Specific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504

Wi-Fi Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504

802.11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504

802.11b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513

802.11a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514

802.11g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514

802.11n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514

Wireless Networking Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515 Power Over Ethernet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519

Implementing Wi-Fi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519

Site Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520

Installing the Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521

Setting Up an Ad Hoc Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521 Setting Up an Infrastructure Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522 Extending the Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531

Verify the Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532

Troubleshooting Wi-Fi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532

Hardware Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532 Software Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533 Connectivity Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533 Configuration Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535

Chapter Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535

Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535

Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537

CHaPTer 0rotectinG 9our Network                                   

Test Specific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540

Common Threats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540

System Crash/Hardware Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540 Administrative Access Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540

Malware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541

Social Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543

Denial of Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544

ContentS

XVII

Physical Intrusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545

Rogue Access Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546

Securing User Accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546

Passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547

Controlling User Accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549

Firewalls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551

Hiding the IPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552

Port Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552

Packet Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554

MAC Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556

Personal Firewalls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557

Network Zones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559

Securing Remote Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560

Chapter Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561

Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561

Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563

CHaPTer Network -anaGement                                      

Test Specific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565

Network Configuration Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565 Configuration Management Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 566 Change Management Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572 Monitoring Performance and Connectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573 Network Performance Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579

Caching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579

Controlling Data Throughput . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579 Keeping Resources Available . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583 Chapter Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 588

Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 588

Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 590

APPeNDIXA Objectives -ap CompTIA Network+                          APPeNDIXB About tHe C$

2O-                                       

Playing Mike Meyers' Introduction Video . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603

System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603

Installing and Running Total Tester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604

Total Tester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604

LearnKey Video Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604

Mike's Cool Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604

Technical Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604

LearnKey Technical Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604

'lossary                                                 

Index                                                   

This page intentionally left blank

xix !#+./7,%$'-%.43 I'd like to acknowledge the many people who contributed their talents to make this book possible:

To Tim 'reen, my acQuisitions editor at -c'raw

(ill Please tell me, as I have to know: is there or is there not a Mike voodoo doll in your home, and if so, have you used it Every time I tried to stop typing, my back started to hurtˆand I know you've been to Jamaica. No other explanation makes sense.

To my in

House Editor

in

CHief, Scott *erniGan

Sorry to take you away from the mighty Tsarion so much. Level 80 is just around the corner. Oh, and we're done now, so just go buy the MINI.

To CHris Crayton, tecHnical editor

As far as I'm concerned, I've found my perma- nent tech editor. Now to the bigger question: "Do you want the job" To Alec &eHl, contributinG autHor Alec, I truly appreciate you taking the time to go "outside the job," catching errors and challenging me on concept. Never again will I confuse "The Two Auth's."

To "ill -c-anus, copy editor

You, sir, are the fastest, most accurate copyeditor I've ever seen. Like scary fast. One of these days you have got to tell me your secret. To -icHael Smyer, Total Seminars resident tecH Guru and pHotoGrapHer You've learned the secret: good technology research means clear concepts, delivered in nice, tidy thought boxes. I am content. To &ord 0ierson, GrapHics maven and editor See! I told you it was fun. You did such a great job that I'm going to add a full eight feet to your chain. Plus I'm personally going to warm your gruel. You've earned it! To $udley ,eHmer, my partner at Total Seminars Thanks for keeping things run- ning smoothly so we had time to put together another great book. To -eGHan 2iley, acQuisitions coordinator at -c'raw (ill What do you mean, "We need that manuscript today!" HAHAHAHA! You crack us up! To ,aura Stone and *ody -c+enZie, project editors You truly fulfill the axiom: "Speak quietly, but carry a big stick." You almost can't see any bruises on me anymore. Thank you both so much for your skill, patience, and perseverance! It was a joy to work with you again. To 6astavikta SHarma, project manaGer Thanks for making the book beautiful to behold. To tHe ITC production team Thank you for producing a marvelous book that I'm proud to call my own.

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C(A0TE2

1 1

CompTIA Network+

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CompTIA Network+ All-in-One Exam Guide

2 The process of attaining CompTIA Network+ certification will give you a solid foun- dation in the whole field of networking. Mastering the competencies will help fill in gaps in your knowledge and provide an ongoing series of "ah ha!" moments of grasp- ing the big picture that make being a tech so much fun. Ready to learn a lot, grab a great certification, and have fun doing it Then welcome to CompTIA Network+ certification!

7Ho NeedS CompTIA Network+

I *uSt 7ant to ,earn aBout NetworkS
Whoa up there, amigo! Are you one of those folks who either has never heard of the CompTIA Network+ exam or just doesn't have any real interest in certification Is your goal only to get a solid handle on the idea of networking and get a jump start on the basics Are you looking for that "magic bullet" book that you can read from beginning to end and then start installing and troubleshooting a network Do you want to know what's involved with running network cabling in your walls or getting your new wire- less network working Are you tired of not knowing enough about what TCP/IP is and how it works If these types of questions are running through your mind, then rest easyˆyou have the right book. Like every book with the Mike Meyers name, you'll get solid concepts without pedantic details or broad, meaningless overviews. You'll look at real-world networking as performed by real techs. This is a book that understands your needs, well beyond the scope of a single certification. If the CompTIA Network+ exam isn't for you, you can skip the rest of this chapter, shift your brain into learn mode, and dive into Chapter 2. But then, if you're going to have the knowledge, why not get the certification

7Hat IS CompTIA Network+ CertiFiCation

CompTIA Network+ certification is an industry-wide, vendor-neutral certification program developed and sponsored by the Computing Technology Industry Associa- tion (CompTIA). The CompTIA Network+ certification shows that you have a basic competency in the physical support of networking systems and knowledge of the conceptual aspects of networking. The test covers the knowledge that a network tech- nician with at least nine months of networking experience should have. CompTIA recommends CompTIA A+ knowledge or background, but does not require a Comp- TIA A+ certification to take the CompTIA Network+ exam. You achieve a CompTIA Network+ certification by taking one computer-based, multiple-choice examination. To date, many hundreds of thousands of technicians have become CompTIA Net- work+ certified. CompTIA Network+ certification enjoys wide recognition throughout the IT indus- try. At first, it rode in on the coattails of the successful CompTIA A+ certification pro- gram, but it now stands on its own in the networking industry and is considered the obvious next step after CompTIA A+ certification.

CHapter  CompTIA Network+ in a NutSHell

3

What Is CompTIA

CompTIA is a nonprofit, industry trade association based in Oakbrook Terrace, Illinois, on tHe outskirts of CHicaGo Tens of tHousands of computer resellers, value added re sellers, distributors, manufacturers, and traininG companies from all over tHe world are members of CompTIA CompTIA was founded in  THe followinG year, CompTIA beGan offerinG tHe CompTIA A+ certification exam CompTIA A+ certification is now widely recoGniZed as a DeFaCTO reQuirement for entrance into tHe 0C industry "ecause tHe A+ exam covers networkinG only liGHtly, CompTIA decided to establisH a vendor neutral test coverinG basic networkinG skills So, in April , CompTIA unveiled tHe CompTIA Network+ certification exam CompTIA provides certifications for a variety of areas in tHe computer industry, offers opportunities for its members to interact, and represents its members interests to Government bodies CompTIA certifications include A+, Network+, Security+, and

2&I$+, to name a few CHeck out tHe CompTIA 7eb site at wwwcomptiaorG for details

on otHer certifications CompTIA is HuGe 6irtually every company of conseQuence in tHe IT industry is a member of CompTIA -icrosoft, $ell, Ciscoxname an IT company and its probably a member of CompTIA

The Current CompTIA Network+

Certification Exam Release CompTIA constantly works to provide tests tHat cover tHe latest tecHnoloGies and, as part of tHat effort, periodically updates its test objectives, domains, and test Ques tions THis book covers all you need to know to pass tHe  revision of tHe CompTIA

Network+ exam

How Do I Become CompTIA Network+ Certified

To become CompTIA Network+ certified, you simply pass one computer based, multiple cHoice exam THere are no prereQuisites for takinG tHe CompTIA Network+ exam, and no networkinG experience is needed 9oure not reQuired to take a traininG course or buy any traininG materials THe only reQuirements are tHat you pay a testinG fee to an autHoriZed testinG facility and tHen sit for tHe exam 5pon completion of tHe exam, you will immediately know wHetHer you passed or failed Once youve passed, you become CompTIA Network+ certified for life, just like witH CompTIA A+ certification THats itˆtHere are no annual dues and no continuinG education reQuirements Now for tHe details CompTIA recommends tHat you Have at least nine montHs of networkinG experience and CompTIA A+ knowledGe, but tHis is not a reQuire ment Note tHe word hrecommendv 9ou may not need experience or CompTIA A+ knowledGe but tHey Help
THe CompTIA A+ certification competencies Have a small deGree of overlap witH tHe CompTIA Network+ competencies, sucH as types of con nectors As for experience, keep in mind tHat CompTIA Network+ is mostly a practi cal exam THose wHo Have been out tHere supportinG real networks will find many of tHe Questions reminiscent of tHe types of problems tHey Have seen on ,ANs

CompTIA Network+ All-in-One Exam Guide

4 The bottom line is that you'll probably have a much easier time on the CompTIA Network+ exam if you have some CompTIA A+ experience under your belt.

7Hat IS tHe TeSt ,ike

The CompTIA Network+ test contains 100 questions, which you have 90 minutes to complete. To pass, you must score at least 720 on a scale of 100-900. The exam questions are divided into six areas that CompTIA calls domains. This table lists the CompTIA Network+ domains and the percentage of the test that each represents.

CompTIA Network+ $omain0ercentaGe

NeTWOrKTeCHNOlOGIes NeTWOrKMeDIaaNDTOPOlOGIes NeTWOrKDeVICes NeTWOrKMaNaGemeNT NeTWOrKTOOls NeTWOrKSeCurITY The CompTIA Network+ exam is extremely practical. Questions often present real-life scenarios and ask you to determine the best solution. CompTIA Network+ loves trouble- shooting. Let me repeat: many of the test objectives deal with direct, REA●

WOR●DTROUB●ESHOOT

ING. Be prepared to troubleshoot both hardware and software failures, and to answer both "What do you do next" and "What is most likely the problem" types of questions. A qualified CompTIA Network+ test candidate can install and configure a PC to connect to a network. This includes installing and testing a network card, configuring drivers, and loading all network software. The exam will test you on the different to- pologies, standards, and cabling. Expect conceptual questions about the /PEN3YSTEMS)NTERCONNECTION/3) seven- layer model. If you've never heard of the OSI seven-layer model, don't worry! This book will teach you all you need to know. While this model rarely comes into play during the daily grind of supporting a network, you need to know the functions and protocols for each layer to pass the CompTIA Network+ exam. You can also expect questions on most of the protocol suites, with heavy emphasis on the TCP/IP suite. NOTE COmPTIAOCCasIONallYmaKesCHaNGesTOTHeCONTeNTOFTHeeXam asWellasTHesCOreNeCessarYTOPassITAlWaYsCHeCKTHeWeBsITeOFmY COmPaNYTOTalSemINarsWWWTOTalsemCOm BeFOresCHeDulINGYOureXam (ow $o I Take tHe Test To take the test, you must go to an authorized testing center. You cannot take the test over the Internet. Prometric and Pearson VUE administer the actual CompTIA Network+ tests. You'll find thousands of Prometric and Pearson VUE testing centers scattered across

CHapter  CompTIA Network+ in a NutSHell

5 the United States and Canada, as well as in over 75 other countries around the world. You may take the exam at any testing center. In the United States and Canada, call Pro- metric at 888-895-6116 or Pearson VUE at 877-551-7587 to locate the nearest testing center and schedule the exam. International customers should go to CompTIA's Web site at www.comptia.org, navigate to the CompTIA Network+ area of the site, and look under the 2eady to take tHe Exam area for a link called &ind your test center. NOTE WHIleYOuCaNTTaKeTHeeXamOVerTHeINTerNeTBOTHPrOmeTrICaND PearsONVUEPrOVIDeeasYONlINereGIsTraTIONGOTOWWWPrOmeTrICCOmOr

WWWVueCOmTOreGIsTerONlINe

(OW-UCH$OESTHE4EST#OST CompTIA fixes the price, no matter what testing center you use. The cost of the exam depends on whether you work for a CompTIA member. At press time, the cost for non-

CompTIA members is 239 (U.S.).

If your employer has a CompTIA membership, you can save money by obtaining an exam voucher. In fact, even if you don't work for a CompTIA member, you can purchase a voucher from member companies and take advantage of significant member sav- ings. You simply buy the voucher and then use the voucher to pay for the exam. Most vouchers are delivered to you on paper, but the most important element is the unique voucher number that you'll generally receive via e-mail from the company that sells the voucher to you. That number is your exam payment, so protect it from prying eyes until you're ready to schedule your exam. CompTIA requires any company that resells vouchers to bundle them with some other product or service. Because this requirement is somewhat vague, voucher resell- ers have been known to throw in some pretty lame stuff, just to meet the requirement and keep their overhead low. My company, Total Seminars, is an authorized CompTIA member and voucher reseller, and we bundle our CompTIA Network+ vouchers with something you can actually use: our excellent test simulation software. It's just like the CD-ROM in the back of this book, but with hundreds more questions to help you pre- pare for the CompTIA Network+ exam. If you're in the United States or Canada, you can visit www.totalsem.com or call 800-

446-6004 to purchase vouchers. As I always say, "You don't have to buy your voucher

from us, but for goodness' sake, get one from somebody!" Why pay full price when you have a discount alternative You must pay for the exam when you schedule, either online or by phone. If you're scheduling by phone, be prepared to hold for a while. Have ready your social security number (or the international equivalent) and either a credit card or a voucher number when you call or begin the online scheduling process. If you require any special accom- modations, both Prometric and Pearson VUE will be able to assist you, although your selection of testing locations may be a bit more limited. International prices vary; see the CompTIA Web site for international pricing. Of course, prices are subject to change without notice, so always check the CompTIA Web site for current pricing!

CompTIA Network+ All-in-One Exam Guide

6 (ow to 0aSS tHe CompTIA Network+ Exam The single most important thing to remember about the CompTIA