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e) Foundation movement and settlement of soil Shear cracks in buildings occur when there is large differential settlement of foundation either due to unequal bearing
Discussion on this paper must be submitted within two months of the research 4–7 Crack analysis of reinforced concrete struc-tures in FEM can mainly be carried out by using two
0 95 m and span of 15 3 m Hence, the elements are characterised with surface moduli of 2 50m-1 for the walls and 2 25m-1 for the deck Vertical cracks were observed along the entire span of the
These type of crack occur mostly due to internally induced stresses in building material and normally do not endanger safety but may look unsightly, create impression of faulty work or give
Within the Cohesive/Overlapping Crack Model21,35–37 the cracking process zone (Figure 4(a)) tends to propa- gate from the intrados to the extrados of the beam,