Croatian people 2 Develooment Assistance Concerns in Croatia - ~ssisting the people and government of Croatia to cope with the large number of displaced and refugee populations brings forth a number of concerns: a) Will assistance to social services in Croatia free up government resources to wage war? b) Will money spent on
minority in a Croatian nation state By pandering to fringe elements that sought to rehabilitate the Axis-supported Ustasha puppet state, it fostered genuine but imaginary Serb fears of a repeat of the atrocities committed against them in World War II Belgrade played on these fears with a massive propaganda campaign that
The Croatian War of Inde-pendence (1991-1995) pitted Croats who wanted a sover-eign country against a minority Serbian population, who wanted to remain part of Serb-dominated Yugoslavia The were killed An estimated 300 thousand people were dis-placed by the war 1 Atrocities and ethnic cleansing were al-
Croatian national renaissance in the nineteenth century onward – achieving independence was primarily sought through peaceful, political means Nevertheless, some extreme Croatian nationalist groups have sought, under the motto of “the Croatian state above everything else,” to use violence in creating that state The most infamous
Besides, the Croatian and Bosnian past was marked by a real and cruel anti-Semitism Tens of thousands of Jews perished in Croatian camps So there was every reason for intellectuals and Jewish organizations to be hostile toward the Croats and the Bosnians Our challenge was to reverse this attitude And we have succeeded masterfully
ff: To have managed to put Jewish opinion on our side. This was a sensitive matter...President Tudjman wa
s very careless in his book, Wastelands of Historical Reality.Reading his writings, one could accuse him of anti-Semitism. In Bosnia the situation wasno better. Pre sident Izetbegovi strongly supported the creation of a fundamentalistI slamic state in his book The Islamic Declaration. Besides, the Croatian and Bosnian pastwa s marked by a real and cruel anti-Semitism. Tens of thousands of Jews perished inCroatian camps. So there was every reason for intellectuals and Jewish organizations tobe hostile toward the
Croats and the Bosnians. Our challenge was to reverse this attitude.And we ha ve succeeded masterfully. At the beg inning of July 1992, New York Newsday came out with the affair of[S erb] concentration camps [probably a reference to Gutman's reports]. We jumped at theop portunity immediately. We outwitted three big Jewish organizations - the B'nai B'rithAn ti-Defamation League, the American Jewish Committee, and the American JewishCongr ess. In August we suggested that they publish an advertisement in the New YorkTimes and organize demonstrations outside the United Nations.That wa s a tremendous coup. When the Jewish organizations entered the game ontheside of the [Muslim] Bosnians, we could promptly equate the Serbs with the Nazis inthe public mind. Nobody
understood what was happening in Yugoslavia. The greatma jority of Americans were probably asking themselves in which African country Bosniaw as situated. But in a single move, we were able to present a simple story of good guysa nd bad guys, which would hereafter play itself. We won by targeting the Jewishaudienc e. Almost immediately, there was a clear change of language in the press, with theuse of wor ds with high emotional content such as "ethnic cleansing," "concentrationc amps," etc, which evoked images of Nazi Germany and the gas chambers of Auschwitz.Th e emotional charge was so powerful nobody could go against it.Merlino: But whe n you did all this, you had no proof that what you said was true. Youonly had the article in Newsday!Ha rff: Our work is not to verify information. We are not equipped for that. Our work is to acc elerate the circulation of information favorable to us, to aim at judiciously chosenta rgets. We did not confirm the existence of death camps in Bosnia, we just made itkn own that Newsday affirmed it.M erlino: Are you aware that you took on a grave responsibility?Har ff: We are professionals. We had a job to do and we did it. We are not paid to bemor al.Th e English version of the transcript appears in Yohanan Ramati, "Stopping the War inYug oslavia," Midstream: A Monthly Jewish Review, April 1994. The original interview appearedin Fre nch in Les Vérités Yougoslaves ne sont pas Toutes Bonnes à Dire (Paris: Albin Michel,1993) , pp. 126-29.