These subjects take different forms when applied to solid Earth geophysics or to physical oceanography The aim of the 50th session of the Summer School on
The four basic areas of Earth Science study are: geology, meteorology, oceanography and astronomy Geology: Science of the Earth Geology is the primary
Types of seismic waves Geophysics: is the science which deals with investigating The definition of oceanography and its divisions
"Geophysics" means "Physics of the Earth " While in physics one tries to eliminate the effects of the gravitational, electric, and
geophysics into different disciplines is based partly on the different methods used to However, meteorology, oceanography, and hydrology are usually
plinary investigations of ocean crustal formation and hydrothermal processes undertaken by the Ridge 2000 Program, new seismic studies of crustal structure
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CITATION
Carbotte, S.M., J.P. Canales, M.R. Nedimović, H. Carton, and J.C. Mutter. 2012. Recent seismic studies at the East Pacific Rise 8°20'-10°10'N and Endeavour Segment: Insights into mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal and magmatic processes. 25(1):100-112,
http://dx.doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2012.08. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2012.08
COPYRIGHT
?is article has been published in , Volume 25, Number 1, a quarterly journal of ?e Oceanography Society. Copyright 2012 by ?e Oceanography Society. All rights reserved.
USAGE
Permission is granted to copy this article for use in teaching and research. Republication, systematic reproduction, or collective redistribution of any portion of this article by photocopy machine, reposting, or other means is permitted only with the approval of ?e Oceanography Society. Send all correspondence to: info@tos.org or ?e Oceanography Society, PO Box 1931,
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THE OffICIAl MAGAzINE Of THE OCEANOGRAPHY SOCIETY
DOwNlOADED fROM HTTP://www.TOS.ORG/OCEANOGRAPHY
Oceanography
Oceanography
Marcus Langseth. Courtesy of
Sandbox Studios, San Francisco, with
permission from Lamont-Doherty Earth
Observatory O ce of Marine Operations
Oceanography
Conrad
Oceanography
Endeavour Segment
Suzanne M. Carbotte
(carbotte@ldeo.columbia.edu) is Bruce C. Heezen/Lamont Research Professor, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University,
Palisades, NY, USA.
Juan Pablo Canales is Associate Scientist with Tenure, Geology and Geophysics Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA. Mladen R. Nedimovi? is Canada Research Chair in Geophysics and Petroleum Exploration, and Associate Professor, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada, and Adjunct Research Scientist, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades,
NY, USA.
Hélène Carton
is Lamont Assistant Research Professor, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA.
John C. Mutter
is Professor of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA.
Oceanography
East Pacific Rise 8°20'-10°10'N
0.91.01.11.21.31.41.51.61.71.81.92.02.14
CMP numbe
r B AMC
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Two-way travel Time (sec)
SN AMC SN 3.5 4.0 4.5
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47°50"48°00"
A 3.0
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AMC AMC 2A 2A 2A 3.5 4.0 4.5
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2A-2B Boundary
MohoSediments
Wate rLine 34-32
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2A-2B BoundarySediments
Water
Igneous basemen
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W
2.07.03.04.05.06.0Velocity (km/s)
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10203040
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3.0 4.0
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E (c)Up?owDown?ow 4030
3.0 4.0
Traveltime (s)
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Down?ow?
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Oceanography
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Geophysical Research
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of the Oceanic Lithosphere
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Events
Energy and Mass Transfer in
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of Geophysical Research Journal of Geophysical
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Mid-Ocean
Ridges: Hydrothermal Interactions Between
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Journal of Petrology
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Science