Veyne's question, did the Greeks believe in their myths?22, is answered in the negative as soon as the concept of 'myth' is thought of In fact, no one
Greek myths were an important part of the education of Greek citizens The myths were often The gods could exercise their powers on one another and on
Furthermore, this antique mythology is considered as the body of myths concerning the gods, goddesses, heroes and other mythical heroes related to the Greek
But how and when did such elements make their way to the Greek world? greater precision the relationship between mythology and ritual practice in the
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Greek Mythology
8.3.2
f Greek myths were an important part of the education of Greek citizens. The myths were often recited aloud, not simply to entertain, but to teach about many subjects, such as the following:
ȴ Responsibilities of humans
ȴ Weaknesses and strengths of humans
ȴ Emotions
ȴ Rivalry and conflicts
ȴ Ideas about evil and good
ȴ Ideas about love and hate
ȴ Right and wrong behaviour
ȴ Ideas about the nature and role of women, men, and children
ȴ Family relationships and inter-generational
conflicts ȴ Explanations of nature and the physical world
ȴ Stories of origins
ȴ Attitudes toward heroism and courage
ȴ Explanations of the mysteries of life
Most Greek myths include elements of fantasy, adventure, and violence, but they were not viewed by the Greeks as simply "exciting stories." Many of them were used as "paradeigma" or education by example; others were warnings to human beings about behaviour the gods found unacceptable. The Greek gods sometimes personified ideas or events in human life that are difficult to understand, such as
Death, Time, or Fate.
Most Greek gods had similar characteristics, both good and bad, to human beings. They were portrayed as men or women, but they were thought to be immortal and to hold special powers. The gods could exercise their powers on one another and on human beings as they wished, for their own vengeance or pleasure. For this reason it was important to pay attention to the gods and to appease them by making food offerings such as nectar and ambrosia, or by making animal sacrifices at the temples. The most important Greek gods were the 12 Olympians, who were said to live on Mount Olympus and to have descended from the first generation of Gods: the Titans. Greek stories and legends also include stories of demigods and heroes, who had some of the special powers of the gods but who were not immortal. These included Atlas, Achilles, Heracles, Daedelus and Icarus, and Narcissus. (page 1 of 2)
Greek Mythology
8.3.2
f The Romans later adopted most of the Greek gods, giving them Roman names and adapting their stories to their own society and values. The Roman name of each god or goddess is indicated in parentheses. Greek God Roman Name Realm
Aphrodite Venus goddess of love and beauty
Apollo Apollo god of the arts, especially poetry and music, archery, and divination or soothsaying
Ares Mars god of war
Artemis Diana goddess of the hunt and protector of children Athena Minerva goddess of wisdom, war, and crafts; patron of
Athens
Demeter Ceres goddess of agriculture and fertility Dionysus Bacchus god of wine, mysteries, and the theatre
Hades
Pluto god of the Underworld (did not dwell at
Olympus)
Hephaestus Vulcan god of smiths and metal-workers
Hera Juno goddess of marriage; consort of Zeus
Hermes Mercury god of merchants; messenger of Zeus Poseidon Neptune god of the sea and earthquakes Zeus Jupiter, Jove god of the sky, gods, and thunder; ruler of
Olympus
(page 2 of 2)